1977 in paleontology
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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1977.
Expeditions, field work, and fossil discoveries[]
- Trexler found hadrosaur remains wecinst of Choteau, Montana in Two Medicine Formation strata.[2]
Plants[]
Angiosperms[]
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
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Camels Butte Member, |
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Valid |
|
Camels Butte Member, |
Pinophytes[]
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
|
Clarkforkian |
Bear Den Member, |
Invertebrates[]
Mollusks[]
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fordilla sibirica[4] |
sp nov |
Valid |
Krasilova |
Early Cambrian |
Tyuser Formation |
early Cambrian bivalve species. synonym of Fordilla troyensis. |
Conodonts[]
German paleontologist and stratigrapher Heinz Walter Kozur (1942-2013) described the conodont genus Vjalovognathus[5]
Vertebrates[]
Non-avian dinosaurs[]
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[6]
Name | Status | Authors | Location | Notes | Images | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fulengia[7] | Nomen dubium. Possible synonym of Lufengosaurus. |
|
||||
Opisthocoelicaudia[8] | Valid taxon |
|
A Titanosaur from Mongolia. | |||
Othnielia[9] | Valid taxon | Now called Othnielosaurus. | ||||
Piveteausaurus[10] | Valid taxon |
|
a French Megalosaur. | |||
Saichania[11] | Valid taxon | an ankylosaurid | ||||
"Shanshanosaurus"[12] | Junior synonym of Tarbosaurus. | |||||
Tarchia[11] | Valid taxon | An ankylosaurid. | ||||
Tuojiangosaurus[13] | Valid taxon |
|
|
A famous Chinese Stegosaur. | ||
Valdosaurus[14] | Valid taxon | a European Dryosaur. | ||||
Wannanosaurus[15] | Valid taxon |
|
A Primitive Pachycephalosaur | |||
"Yezosaurus" | Nomen nudum. Non-dinosaurian marine reptile. |
|
|
Birds[]
- Colin J. O Harrison and Cyril Walker described and named 16 fossils from the Early Eocene from very small fragments. It is not possible to describe taxa so old from those fragments, given the fact that in the Eocene many birds with a mix of characters existed (mosaics).
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
|
Described in the Phasianidae, placed in Aves Incertae Sedis by Mlíkovský 2002,[17] this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
|
|
Described in the Phasianidae, placed in Aves Incertae Sedis by Mlíkovský 2002.[17] |
||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Pleistocene |
|
An Accipitridae Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
|
Late Pliocene |
|
An Alcidae. |
|||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
|
Sarmatian, MN 8 |
A Ciconiidae. |
||||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
|
Middle Pleistocene |
A Furnariidae. |
||||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
|
Described in the Phasianidae, placed in Aves Incertae Sedis by Olson, 1999, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
|
Late Pliocene |
|
A Phasianidae. |
|||
Limnofregata azygosternon [23] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Eocene |
,
|
A Fregatidae, Olson, 1977, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Malacorhynchus scarletti [24] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
± 3500 YBP (Years Before Present) |
An Anatidae. |
||||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
|
Described in the , in its own family, Harrison et Walker, 1977, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
|
Described in the Columbidae, placed in Aves Inceretae Sedis by Mlíkovský 2002,[17] according to Mayr, 2009 perhaps a "Coraciiformes" or a "Caprimulgiformes"/Apodiformes, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Neptuniavis minor [16] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
|
An ?Procellariidae, maybe a synonym of Dasornis toliapica (Owen, 1873). |
||
Neptuniavis miranda [16] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
|
An ?Procellariidae, this is the type species of the new genus, maybe a synonym of Dasornis emuinus (Bowerbank, 1854), this is the type species of the new genus. |
||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
|
Late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene |
and |
An Anatidae. |
|||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
|
An Apodiformes, Karkhu, 1992, Harrison, 1982, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
|
Described in the Accipitridae, by Mlíkovský, 2002 placed in Aves Incertae Sedis,[17] this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
|
Described in the Phasianidae, transferred to the genus Gypsornis Milne-Edwards, 1871 in the Cariamidae by Mlíkovský, 2002,[17] this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
|
Late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene |
and |
A Phalacrocoracidae. |
|||
Pinguinus alfrednewtoni [26] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Pliocene |
An Alcidae. |
||||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
|
Described in the Glareolidae, best treated as Aves Incertae Sedis. |
|||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
|
Described in the Glareolidae, best treated as Aves Incertae Sedis. |
|||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
|
Described in the Glareolidae, this is the type species of the new genus, best treated as Aves Incertae Sedis. |
|||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
|
A Hydrobatidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
|
Described in a new family Harrison et Walker, 1977, Passeriformes, placed in synonymy with the family Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971, ?Piciformes by Mayr, 2008,[27] this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
|
Described as a Cuculidae, Harrison, 1982 placed it in his new family ,[28] Olson, 1985 and Mayr, 2009 think it might be a synonym of Primapus lacki Harrison et Walker, 1975. Best treated as Aves Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
|
Early to Middle Miocene |
Diatomite deposits on Chalk Mountain |
An Aegothelidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Nom. nov. |
Valid |
Late Miocene |
MN 13 |
A Rallidae, a new name for Rallus dubius Portis, 1887, a junior primary homonym of Rallus dubius Piller et Mitterpacher, 1783, so its objective junior synonym. |
||||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
|
Middle Miocene |
Sarmatian, MN 8 |
A Sulidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
|
Middle Miocene |
|
A Phasianidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Xenicibis xympithecus [32] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
David W. Steadman |
Cave deposits |
A Threskiornithidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
Pterodactyls[]
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
Wellnhofer |
A pterodactyloid of uncertain affinities. |
Popular culture[]
Literature[]
- The Year of the Dinosaur Edwin H. Colbert and illustrated by his wife, Margaret was published. This story describes a year in the life of a "brontosaur" and was an attempt to educate the reader about prehistory through a fictional portrayal of it.[33]
References[]
- ^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
- ^ Trexler, D. (2001). "Two Medicine Formation, Montana: geology and fauna". In Tanke, D. H.; Carpenter, K. (eds.). Mesozoic Vertebrate Life. Indiana University Press. pp. 298–309.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Hickey, Leo (1977). Stratigraphy and Paleobotany of the Golden Valley Formation (Early Tertiary) of Western North Dakota. Boulder, Colorado: Geological Society of America. pp. 110 & Plate 5. ISBN 0-8137-1150-9.
- ^ Elicki, O.; Gürsu, S. (2009). "First record of Pojetaia runnegari Jell, 1980 and Fordilla Barrande, 1881 from the Middle East (Taurus Mountains, Turkey) and critical review of Cambrian bivalves" (PDF). Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 83 (2): 267–291. doi:10.1007/s12542-009-0021-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
- ^ Kozur, Heinz (July 1977). "Vjalovognathus nom. nov. replaces Vjalovites Kozur, 1976". Journal of Paleontology. 51 (4): 870. ISSN 0022-3360. JSTOR 1303751.
- ^ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Retrieved 2008-08-07.
- ^ Carroll, Robert L.; Galton, Peter M. (March 1977). "'Modern' lizard from the Upper Triassic of China". Nature. 266 (5599): 252–255. doi:10.1038/266252a0.
- ^ Borsuk-Bialynicka, Magdalena (1977). "A new camarasaurid sauropod Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii, gen. n. sp. n. from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia" (PDF). Palaeontol. Polonica. 37: 5–64.
- ^ Galton, Peter M. (July 1977). "The ornithopod dinosaur Dryosaurus and a Laurasia–Gondwanaland connection in the Upper Jurassic". Nature. 268 (5617): 230–232. doi:10.1038/268230a0.
- ^ Taquet, P.; Welles, S. (1977). "Redescription du crane de Dinosaure theropode de Dives (Normandie)". Annales de Paléontologie (in French). 63 (2): 191–206.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Maryańska, Teresa (1977). "Ankylosauridae (Dinosauria) from Mongolia" (PDF). Paleontol. Polinica. 37: 85–151.
- ^ Dong, Z (1977). "On the dinosaurian remains from Turpan, Xinjiang". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 15: 59–66.
- ^ Dong, Z.; Li, X.; Zhou, S.; Chang, Y. (1977). "On the stegosaurian remain from Zigong (Tzekung), Szechuan Province". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 15: 307–312.
- ^ Olshevsky, G. (1991). "A Revision of the Parainfraclass Archosauria Cope, 1869, Excluding the Advanced Crocodylia". Mesozoic Meanderings 2 (1st ed.)..
- ^ Hou, L. (1977). "A new primitive pachycephalosauria from Anhui, China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 15: 198–202.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Harrison, Colin J. O.; Walker, Cyril A. (1977). "Birds of the British Lower Eocene". Tertiary Research Special Papers. 3: 1–52.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Mlíkovský, Jíří (2002). "Cenozoic Birds of the World Part 1: Europe" (PDF). Praha Ninox Press: 1–407. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-03-07. Retrieved 2014-09-13.
- ^ Miklós Kretzoi (1977). "The Fauna of Small Vertebrates of the Middle Pleistocene at Petralona" (PDF). Anthropos (Athina). 4 (1–2): 131–143. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-09-13.
- ^ Harrison, Colin J. O. (1977). "A New Guillemot, Cepphus Species, from the Lower Pleistocene". Suffolk Natural History. 17: 238–239.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Grigorescu, Dan; Kessler, Jenö (1977). "The Middle Sarmatian Avian Fauna of South Dobrogea". Revue Roumaine de Géologie, Géophysique et Géographie, Série Géologie. 21: 93–108.
- ^ Tonni, Eduardo P. (1977). "Un Furnárido (Aves: Passeriformes) del Pleistoceno Medio de la Provincia de Buenos Aires". Publicaciones del Museo Municipal de Ciencias Naturales de Mar del Plata Lorenzo Scaglia. 2 (6): 141–147.
- ^ Jánossy, Dénes (1977). "Plio-Pleistocene Bird Remains from the Carpathian Basin. II. Galliformes. 2. Phasianidae" (PDF). Aquila. 83: 29–42.
- ^ Olson, Storrs L. (1977). "A Lower Eocene Frigatebird from the Green River Formation of Wyoming" (PDF). Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. 35: 1–33. doi:10.5479/si.00810266.35.1.
- ^ Olson, Storrs L. (1977). "Notes on Subfossil Anatidae from New Zealand, Including A New Species of Pink-Eared Duck Malacorhynchus". Emu. 77 (3): 132–135. doi:10.1071/mu9770132.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Alvarez, Rafael (1977). "A Pleistocene Avifauna from Jalisco, Mexico" (PDF). Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology University of Michigan. 24 (19): 205–220.
- ^ Olson, Storrs L. (1977). "A Great Auk, Pinguinis [sic], from the Pliocene of Nebraska (Aves: Alcidae)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 90 (3): 690–697.
- ^ Mayr, Gerald (2008). "Phylogenetic Affinities of the Enigmatic Avian Taxon Zygodactylus Based on New Material from the Early Oligocene of France". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 6: 333–344. doi:10.1017/s1477201907002398.
- ^ Harrison, Colin J. O. (1982). "Cuculiform, Piciform, and Passeriform Birds in the Lower Eocene of England". Tertiary Research. 4: 71–81.
- ^ Vickers Rich, Patricia; McEvey, Allan R. (1977). "A New Owlet-Nightjar from the Early to Mid-Miocene of Eastern New South Wales" (PDF). Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria. 38: 247–253. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-12. Retrieved 2014-09-12.
- ^ Olson, Storrs L. (1977). "A Synopsis of the Fossil Rallidae" (PDF). In “Rails of the World: A Monograph of the Family Rallidae“ by S.D. Ripley, Codline, Boston: 509–525.
- ^ Xiangkui, Yeh (1977). "First Discovery of Miocene Birds in China" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica (in Chinese). 15 (4): 244–248.
- ^ Olson, Storrs L.; Steadman, David W. (1977). "A New Genus of Flightless Ibis (Threskiornithidae) and Other fossil Birds from Cave Deposits in Jamaica" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 90 (2): 447–457.
- ^ Sarjeant, W. A. S. (2001). "Dinosaurs in fiction". In Tanke, D. H.; Carpenter, K. (eds.). Mesozoic Vertebrate Life. Indiana University Press. pp. 504–529.
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