2012 United States presidential election in Virginia

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Main article: 2012 United States presidential election
2012 United States presidential election in Virginia
← 2008 November 6, 2012 2016 →
Turnout66.9% (voting eligible)[1]
  President Barack Obama, 2012 portrait crop.jpg Mitt Romney by Gage Skidmore 6 cropped.jpg
Nominee Barack Obama Mitt Romney
Party Democratic Republican
Home state Illinois Massachusetts
Running mate Joe Biden Paul Ryan
Electoral vote 13 0
Popular vote 1,971,820 1,822,522
Percentage 51.26% 47.28%
Virginia Presidential Election Results 2012.svg
County and Independent City Results
President before election

Barack Obama
Democratic

Elected President

Barack Obama
Democratic

The 2012 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 6, 2012, as part of the presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Virginia voters chose 13 electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting incumbent Democratic President Barack Obama and his running mate, Vice President Joe Biden, against Republican challenger and former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney and his running mate, Congressman Paul Ryan.

Virginia was won by Obama with 51.16% of the vote to Romney's 47.28%, a 3.88% margin of victory.[2] Third parties and write-ins received a cumulative 60,147 votes, representing 1.56% of the vote. In 2008, Obama won the state by 6.30%, becoming the first Democratic presidential nominee to win it since Lyndon B. Johnson's nationwide Democratic landslide of 1964, but it had otherwise been a reliably Republican state prior to this. However, 2008 represented a realignment election for Virginia.[3] Much of the Democratic gains were attributed to the growth of progressive suburban Northern Virginia, particularly in Fairfax County, Loudoun County, and Prince William County, all of which voted for Obama twice despite becoming Republican strongholds after 1964. The Northern Virginia suburbs are generally dominated by Washington, D.C., the most Democratic region in the country, and increasing minority populations have turned Virginia from a Republican stronghold to a Democratic one. Following this election, as well as the 2013 gubernatorial and 2014 Senate elections, Virginia would not be closely contested by the Republican Party, as margins increased for the Democratic Party statewide post-2014. Obama's increased strength in this heavily populated region more than canceled out his weakness across rural Virginia, which, similar to the rest of Appalachia, swung towards the Republican Party in 2008 due to the Democrats' increasingly environmentalist policies. Obama suffered a historically poor showing even in traditionally Democratic counties of Southwest Virginia, similar to his weak performance in neighboring West Virginia. This would ultimately foreshadow 2016, when the Republican nominee won the election without carrying Virginia for the first time since 1924. Despite its narrow margin, this was the last election in which Virginia was a seriously contested state, as it would move on to be reliably Democratic in succeeding presidential elections.

Obama's 2012 win made him the first Democrat since Franklin D. Roosevelt to carry Virginia in two consecutive elections. The Democratic margin of victory also made 2012 the first time since 1948 that Virginia voted more Democratic than the nation as a whole, albeit by a narrow advantage of 0.02%: Obama carried Virginia by 3.88%, while winning nationally by 3.86%. This was the first election since 1976 in which Virginia did not vote in the same way as neighboring North Carolina.

As of 2020, this was the last time the Republican nominee won Montgomery County, and the last time the Democratic nominee won Buckingham County in a statewide election, along with the independent city of Covington. It is also the last time the Democratic presidential nominee won Caroline, Essex, Nelson, or Westmoreland Counties. To date, this is also the last time Virginia voted to the right of Michigan, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, New Hampshire, Maine, Minnesota, Iowa, or Nevada.

Democratic primary[]

Because incumbent Democratic President Barack Obama faced no serious opposition from within his party in seeking reelection, no Democratic primary was held.

Republican primary[]

Virginia Republican primary, 2012
← 2008 March 6, 2012 (2012-03-06) 2016 →
  Mitt Romney by Gage Skidmore 6 cropped (cropped).jpg Ron Paul by Gage Skidmore 3 (crop 2).jpg
Candidate Mitt Romney Ron Paul
Home state Massachusetts Texas
Delegate count 43 3
Popular vote 158,119 107,451
Percentage 59.54% 40.46%
Virginia Republican Presidential Primary Election Results by County, 2012.svg
Virginia results by county
  Mitt Romney
  Ron Paul
Seal of the President of the United States.svg
2012 U.S. presidential election
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The Republican primary took place on Super Tuesday, March 6, 2012.[4][5]

Virginia has 49 delegates to the 2012 Republican National Convention including three unbound superdelegates. 33 delegates are awarded on a winner-take-all basis by congressional district. The other 13 are awarded to the candidate who wins a majority statewide, or allocated proportionally if no one gets majority.[6]

Virginia Republican primary, March 6, 2012[7][8]
Candidate Votes Percentage Delegates[8][9]
Mitt Romney 158,119 59.54% 43
Ron Paul 107,451 40.46% 3
Uncommitted delegates: 3
Total: 265,570 100.00% 49

Ballot[]

Only Mitt Romney and Ron Paul appeared on the ballot. Other candidates failed to submit the necessary 10,000 signatures (including at least 400 from each of the state's 11 congressional districts) required to get on the ballot by the deadline of 22 December 2011.[10]

On 27 December, Rick Perry filed a lawsuit – joined later by Michele Bachmann, Newt Gingrich, Jon Huntsman and Rick Santorum – in the federal District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia in Richmond that challenged provisions that determine who can appear on the primary ballot. Perry and the other candidates argued that the chairman of the Virginia Republican Party and members of State Board of Elections violated their rights by enforcing state requirements as to the number of signatures, the qualifications for signers and the requirement that all petition circulators be "an eligible or registered qualified voter in Virginia." Perry and the other litigants argued that these restrictions "impose a severe burden" on their freedoms of speech and association under the First and Fourteenth Amendment.[11][12][13]

The case was Perry v. Judd. U.S. District Judge John A. Gibney, Jr. ruled on 29 December that he would not issue an injunction to stop the printing of ballots before a scheduled hearing on 13 January.[14] The Virginia Attorney General, Ken Cuccinelli, representing the state, made a motion to dismiss the case because of a lack of standing.[15] On 13 January, Judge Gibney, Jr. dismissed the lawsuit citing the equitable doctrine of laches ("sleeping on one's rights"), writing, "They knew the rules in Virginia many months ago... In essence, they played the game, lost, and then complained that the rules were unfair."[16] The United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit affirmed, emphasizing that the candidate plaintiffs' failure to file in a timely fashion required dismissal.[17]

The final results saw Romney win with 59.54% and 43 delegates of the vote to Ron Paul's 40.46% and 3 delegates.

General election[]

Candidate ballot access[]

  • Barack Hussein Obama / Joseph Robinette Biden. Jr. , Democratic
  • Willard Mitt Romney / Paul Davis Ryan , Republican
  • Gary Earl Johnson and James Polin Gray, Libertarian
  • Virgil Hamlin Goode, Jr. and James N. Clymer, Constitution
  • Jill Ellen Stein and Cheri Lynn Honkala , Green

Polling[]

Main article: Statewide opinion polling for the 2012 United States presidential election § Virginia

The initial polling in 2010 showed Obama leading with margins from 4 to 11 points. In September 2011, the tide changed, and Romney won every poll conducted from September 2011 to December 2011, except one. In January and February 2012, both candidates were neck and neck with neither having a decisive lead. In March, Obama was able to pull ahead and beat Romney in most polls until about late September 2012. On October 4th, Romney won his first poll in a month, 48% to 45%. Throughout October, Romney won every poll but one for nearly three weeks. The latest polls in late October and early November shifted in Obama's favor, and Obama was able to successfully make the race near tied. Although Romney had won the final poll by 2 points, 50% to 48%, the average of the last three polls showed Obama leading 49% to 48%.[18][19]

Results[]

Elections in Virginia
Federal government
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Hampton
Norfolk
Richmond
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United States presidential election in Virginia, 2012[20]
Party Candidate Running mate Votes Percentage Electoral votes
Democratic Barack Obama (Incumbent) Joe Biden (Incumbent) 1,971,820 51.16% 13
Republican Mitt Romney Paul Ryan 1,822,522 47.28% 0
Libertarian Gary Johnson Jim Gray 31,216 0.81% 0
Constitution Virgil Goode Jim Clymer 13,058 0.34% 0
Green Jill Stein Cheri Honkala 8,627 0.22% 0
Write-ins Write-ins 7,246 0.19% 0
Totals 3,854,489 100.00% 13

By county/city[]

County/City Obama% Obama# Romney% Romney# Others% Others# Total
Accomack 47.69% 7,655 51.17% 8,213 1.14% 183 16,051
Albemarle 55.20% 29,757 43.22% 23,297 1.58% 853 53,907
Alleghany 47.44% 3,403 50.12% 3,595 2.44% 175 7,173
Amelia 36.01% 2,490 62.63% 4,331 1.36% 94 6,915
Amherst 39.41% 5,900 59.29% 8,876 1.30% 194 14,970
Appomattox 30.91% 2,453 67.30% 5,340 1.79% 142 7,935
Arlington 69.10% 81,269 29.31% 34,474 1.59% 1,865 117,608
Augusta 28.07% 9,451 70.16% 23,624 1.77% 597 33,672
Bath 40.22% 894 57.31% 1,274 2.47% 55 2,223
Bedford 27.28% 10,209 71.29% 26,679 1.43% 537 37,425
Bland 24.93% 735 72.73% 2,144 2.34% 69 2,948
Botetourt 29.89% 5,452 68.41% 12,479 1.70% 310 18,241
Brunswick 62.14% 4,994 36.93% 2,968 0.93% 75 8,037
Buchanan 32.08% 3,094 66.72% 6,436 1.20% 116 9,646
Buckingham 50.31% 3,750 47.88% 3,569 1.81% 135 7,454
Campbell 29.56% 7,595 68.86% 17,695 1.58% 406 25,696
Caroline 53.30% 7,276 45.06% 6,151 1.65% 225 13,652
Carroll 28.53% 3,685 67.63% 8,736 3.85% 497 12,918
Charles City 65.50% 2,772 32.99% 1,396 1.51% 64 4,232
Charlotte 42.44% 2,503 56.14% 3,311 1.42% 84 5,898
Chesterfield 45.44% 77,694 53.18% 90,934 1.38% 2,360 170,988
Clarke 41.73% 3,239 55.35% 4,296 2.92% 227 7,762
Craig 31.12% 830 65.88% 1,757 3.00% 80 2,667
Culpeper 40.99% 8,285 57.30% 11,580 1.71% 346 20,211
Cumberland 47.98% 2,422 50.28% 2,538 1.74% 88 5,048
Dickenson 35.82% 2,473 61.91% 4,274 2.27% 157 6,904
Dinwiddie 48.20% 6,550 50.59% 6,875 1.21% 164 13,589
Essex 53.15% 3,016 45.85% 2,602 1.00% 57 5,675
Fairfax 59.57% 315,273 39.07% 206,773 1.37% 7,241 529,287
Fauquier 39.27% 13,965 59.16% 21,034 1.57% 558 35,557
Floyd 35.74% 2,732 61.13% 4,673 3.13% 239 7,644
Fluvanna 46.22% 5,893 52.38% 6,678 1.40% 178 12,749
Franklin 34.04% 9,090 62.60% 16,718 3.37% 899 26,707
Frederick 34.87% 12,690 62.81% 22,858 2.32% 846 36,394
Giles 36.14% 2,730 61.70% 4,660 2.16% 163 7,553
Gloucester 35.08% 6,764 62.94% 12,137 1.98% 382 19,283
Goochland 35.12% 4,676 63.45% 8,448 1.43% 191 13,315
Grayson 29.04% 2,068 67.42% 4,801 3.54% 252 7,121
Greene 36.46% 3,290 61.72% 5,569 1.82% 164 9,023
Greensville 63.64% 3,135 35.85% 1,766 0.51% 25 4,926
Halifax 46.53% 7,766 52.08% 8,694 1.39% 232 16,692
Hanover 30.98% 18,294 67.63% 39,940 1.40% 824 59,058
Henrico 55.22% 89,594 43.42% 70,449 1.35% 2,198 162,241
Henry 41.33% 10,317 56.02% 13,984 2.65% 662 24,963
Highland 32.48% 459 65.39% 924 2.12% 30 1,413
Isle of Wight 42.07% 8,761 56.67% 11,802 1.27% 264 20,827
James City 43.35% 17,879 55.39% 22,843 1.26% 518 41,240
King and Queen 47.74% 1,745 51.03% 1,865 1.23% 45 3,655
King George 39.53% 4,477 58.31% 6,604 2.15% 244 11,325
King William 37.48% 3,344 61.26% 5,466 1.27% 113 8,923
Lancaster 45.24% 3,149 53.91% 3,753 0.85% 59 6,961
Lee 26.91% 2,583 71.34% 6,847 1.75% 168 9,598
Loudoun 51.53% 82,479 47.04% 75,292 1.43% 2,289 160,060
Louisa 42.26% 6,953 56.01% 9,215 1.73% 284 16,452
Lunenburg 46.81% 2,684 51.78% 2,969 1.41% 81 5,734
Madison 39.90% 2,639 58.50% 3,869 1.60% 106 6,614
Mathews 33.62% 1,807 64.91% 3,488 1.47% 79 5,374
Mecklenburg 45.90% 6,921 52.88% 7,973 1.21% 183 15,077
Middlesex 38.98% 2,370 59.52% 3,619 1.50% 91 6,080
Montgomery 48.53% 19,903 48.78% 20,006 2.68% 1,100 41,009
Nelson 50.56% 4,171 47.84% 3,947 1.60% 132 8,250
New Kent 32.46% 3,555 66.16% 7,246 1.39% 152 10,953
Northampton 57.63% 3,741 41.23% 2,676 1.14% 74 6,491
Northumberland 42.22% 3,191 57.03% 4,310 0.75% 57 7,558
Nottoway 48.85% 3,344 49.80% 3,409 1.36% 93 6,846
Orange 42.01% 6,870 56.52% 9,244 1.47% 240 16,354
Page 36.41% 3,724 62.03% 6,344 1.56% 160 10,228
Patrick 29.27% 2,417 68.07% 5,622 2.66% 220 8,259
Pittsylvania 35.39% 10,858 62.78% 19,263 1.83% 560 30,681
Powhatan 26.33% 4,088 72.14% 11,200 1.53% 237 15,525
Prince Edward 55.55% 5,132 42.78% 3,952 1.68% 155 9,239
Prince George 43.57% 6,991 55.33% 8,879 1.10% 176 16,046
Prince William 57.34% 103,331 41.32% 74,458 1.34% 2,406 180,195
Pulaski 36.05% 5,292 60.76% 8,920 3.19% 468 14,680
Rappahannock 45.44% 1,980 53.04% 2,311 1.51% 66 4,357
Richmond 41.75% 1,574 57.29% 2,160 0.95% 36 3,770
Roanoke 36.53% 18,711 61.75% 31,624 1.72% 882 51,217
Rockbridge 40.17% 4,088 57.95% 5,898 1.88% 191 10,177
Rockingham 28.87% 10,065 69.37% 24,186 1.76% 615 34,866
Russell 30.76% 3,718 67.67% 8,180 1.57% 190 12,088
Scott 23.97% 2,395 74.45% 7,439 1.58% 158 9,992
Shenandoah 33.39% 6,469 64.72% 12,538 1.89% 366 19,373
Smyth 32.64% 4,171 65.58% 8,379 1.78% 227 12,777
Southampton 47.90% 4,437 51.09% 4,733 1.01% 94 9,264
Spotsylvania 43.41% 25,165 54.93% 31,844 1.66% 965 57,974
Stafford 44.87% 27,182 53.61% 32,480 1.52% 921 60,583
Surry 59.80% 2,576 38.79% 1,671 1.42% 61 4,308
Sussex 61.73% 3,358 37.15% 2,021 1.12% 61 5,440
Tazewell 20.65% 3,661 78.07% 13,843 1.29% 228 17,732
Warren 38.64% 6,452 59.10% 9,869 2.26% 377 16,698
Washington 27.61% 7,076 70.77% 18,141 1.62% 415 25,632
Westmoreland 52.89% 4,295 45.95% 3,731 1.16% 94 8,120
Wise 25.04% 3,760 73.75% 11,076 1.21% 182 15,018
Wythe 30.61% 3,783 67.36% 8,324 2.03% 251 12,358
York 38.83% 13,183 59.51% 20,204 1.67% 566 33,953
Alexandria 71.11% 52,199 27.58% 20,249 1.31% 963 73,411
Bedford 43.67% 1,225 54.44% 1,527 1.89% 53 2,805
Bristol 33.73% 2,492 64.71% 4,780 1.56% 115 7,387
Buena Vista 36.38% 919 61.92% 1,564 1.70% 43 2,526
Charlottesville 75.74% 16,510 22.22% 4,844 2.03% 443 21,797
Chesapeake 49.85% 55,052 48.81% 53,900 1.33% 1,473 110,425
Colonial Heights 29.50% 2,544 68.89% 5,941 1.61% 139 8,624
Covington 56.61% 1,319 41.85% 975 1.55% 36 2,330
Danville 60.47% 12,218 38.42% 7,763 1.10% 223 20,204
Emporia 66.51% 1,793 32.86% 886 0.63% 17 2,696
Fairfax 57.19% 6,651 41.06% 4,775 1.75% 203 11,629
Falls Church 68.93% 5,015 29.51% 2,147 1.57% 114 7,276
Franklin 64.98% 2,833 34.31% 1,496 0.71% 31 4,360
Fredericksburg 62.35% 7,131 35.50% 4,060 2.15% 246 11,437
Galax 39.53% 900 58.50% 1,332 1.98% 45 2,277
Hampton 70.64% 46,966 28.03% 18,640 1.33% 884 66,490
Harrisonburg 55.50% 8,654 42.10% 6,565 2.40% 375 15,594
Hopewell 57.35% 5,179 41.40% 3,739 1.25% 113 9,031
Lexington 55.30% 1,486 42.65% 1,146 2.05% 55 2,687
Lynchburg 43.76% 15,948 54.34% 19,806 1.90% 694 36,448
Manassas 55.78% 8,478 42.52% 6,463 1.70% 259 15,200
Manassas Park 61.83% 2,879 36.49% 1,699 1.68% 78 4,656
Martinsville 61.35% 3,855 36.79% 2,312 1.86% 117 6,284
Newport News 64.32% 51,100 34.28% 27,230 1.40% 1,114 79,444
Norfolk 72.02% 62,687 26.59% 23,147 1.39% 1,209 87,043
Norton 37.94% 566 59.99% 895 2.08% 31 1,492
Petersburg 89.79% 14,283 09.60% 1,527 0.62% 98 15,908
Poquoson 23.63% 1,679 74.75% 5,312 1.62% 115 7,106
Portsmouth 70.77% 32,501 28.00% 12,858 1.23% 563 45,922
Radford 50.60% 2,732 46.68% 2,520 2.72% 147 5,399
Richmond 77.81% 75,921 20.55% 20,050 1.64% 1,598 97,569
Roanoke 60.10% 24,134 37.33% 14,991 2.57% 1,030 40,155
Salem 38.64% 4,760 59.25% 7,299 2.10% 259 12,318
Staunton 51.10% 5,728 47.03% 5,272 1.87% 210 11,210
Suffolk 57.01% 24,267 41.86% 17,820 1.13% 479 42,566
Virginia Beach 47.95% 94,299 50.49% 99,291 1.55% 3,051 196,641
Waynesboro 43.68% 3,840 54.49% 4,790 1.83% 161 8,791
Williamsburg 63.28% 4,903 34.62% 2,682 2.10% 163 7,748
Winchester 49.48% 5,094 48.04% 4,946 2.49% 256 10,296

Source: [2]

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican[]

  • King and Queen (largest community: King and Queen Court House)
  • Montgomery (largest town: Blacksburg)

Analysis[]

Despite Indiana and neighboring North Carolina flipping back into the Republican column, Virginia remained in the Democratic column, voting for President Obama with a margin of 3.88%, albeit a reduced margin from 2008 when he carried it by 6.30%.[21] 2008 was the first time a Democrat carried the state of Virginia since Lyndon B. Johnson carried it in his landslide 1964 election.[22] Republican support, which had been anchored by the historically Republican D.C. suburbs, dwindled as the population grew. According to 270toWin, Obama carried Northern Virginia by 59.8% to Romney's 38.8%, a 21% margin, a great improvement from Al Gore's 3.2% win against George W. Bush in 2000 and John Kerry's 7.9% win against Bush in 2004.[3] The leftward shift of college-educated whites and dominance by the unabashedly liberal District of Columbia only furthered Democratic margins. Widening margins in Northern Virginia allowed Obama to counteract losses in Southwest Virginia as the Democrats increasingly supported environmentalist policies making them unpopular amongst Appalachian voters. Consequently, Democrats were able to comfortably carry it in every election following 2008: a Republican hasn't won statewide public office in Virginia since Bob McDonnell won the 2009 gubernatorial election.

According to exit polls from The New York Times,[23] voter demographics were split. Romney carried men 51-47 while Obama carried women 54-45. Men and women make up 47% and 53% of the electorate, respectively. While Romney expectedly carried white voters in a 61-37 landslide, Obama was able to offset these wins with 93-6, 64-33, and 66-32 landslides among African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians, respectively. Cumulatively, these minorities consisted of 28% of the electorate. Splits among age groups were also obvious: voters 18 to 29 and 30 to 44 favored Obama 61-36 and 54-45, respectively, while voters aged 46-64 favored the Republican ticket 53-44 and 65+ favored them 54-46. Romney was able to carry three of four education groups: those with no, some, or a college degree favored Romney by narrow margins of 50-49, 51-47, and 50-48, respectively, but Obama cancelled out these wins with a 57-42 win among postgraduates. Respectively, these groups comprise 46%, 25%, 30%, and 24% of voters. Self-identified moderates were carried by Obama 56-42, but Independents flipped back into the Republican column, backing Romney 54-43 after backing Obama by 1 percentage point in 2008.

Economic status also showed a clear political divide in exit polls. The president's strength came from lower-income voters: he carried those with an income under $30,000 by 61-38 and an income $30,000 to $50,000 by 60-38. Meanwhile, Romney carried those making over $50,000 by 52-47 and over $100,000 by 51-47. However, Romney's close win among the upper middle class was a good sign for Democrats: Bush carried them 57-43 in 2004, a 14-point win, and it solidified suburban Northern Virginia's shift left.

In terms of county performance, Romney flipped two counties back into the Republican column, including Montgomery, home to Virginia Tech in Blacksburg.[21] King and Queen County also returned to the Republican column. Obama racked up his greatest margins in independent cities, where he received upwards of 70% of the vote in many of them. Petersburg gave 89.79% of its vote to the Democratic ticket. On the opposite end of the spectrum, Romney's best performances were in Southwest Virginia and the Shenandoah Valley, where he garnered over 60% of ballots cast.

Despite polls predicting a close race, Obama's comfortable margin in the Old Dominion solidified the state's shift to the Democrats.[24] In 2016, Democrat Hillary Clinton would win the state by 5.32% against Donald Trump, one of the few states where she improved on Obama's margins despite losing the election nationwide.[25] In 2020, Joe Biden won the state by 10.11%, the best margin for a Democrat since Franklin D. Roosevelt's 24.97% margin in 1944.[26]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Dr. Michael McDonald (December 31, 2012). "2012 General Election Turnout Rates". George Mason University. Archived from the original on April 24, 2013. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
  2. ^ "VA Board of Elections". Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b Savicki, Drew (July 20, 2020). "The Road to 270: Virginia". 270toWin. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  4. ^ "Primary and Caucus Printable Calendar". CNN. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
  5. ^ "Presidential Primary Dates" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
  6. ^ Nate Silver (March 4, 2012). "Romney Could Win Majority of Super Tuesday Delegates". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved March 5, 2012.
  7. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-12-05. Retrieved 2012-03-22.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b "Virginia Republican". March 6, 2012. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
  9. ^ "Super Tuesday Delegate Count". DemocraticConventionWatch.com. March 6, 2012. Archived from the original on December 8, 2012. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
  10. ^ Anita Kumar, "Gingrich, Perry disqualified from Va. primary ballot" (December 24, 2011).
  11. ^ Martin Weil and Anita Kumar. "[1]" (December 27, 2011). Washington Post.
  12. ^ Catalina Camia, "Perry sues to get on Virginia ballot" (December 28, 2011). USA Today.
  13. ^ Kevin Liptak, "Candidates join Perry's Virginia lawsuit" (December 31, 2011). CNN.
  14. ^ Rebecca Kaplan, "Perry Hearing on Virginia Ballot Challenge Set for Jan. 13 Archived 2012-03-04 at the Wayback Machine" (December 29, 2011). National Journal.
  15. ^ Tom Schoenberg, "Virginia Argues Perry Can't Challenge Ballot" (January 4, 2012). Bloomberg.
  16. ^ Catalina Camia, "Judge rejects Perry, GOP hopefuls for Va. ballot" (January 13, 2012). USA Today.
  17. ^ Perry v. Judd, Unpublished E.D. Va. (2012).
  18. ^ https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2012/president/va/virginia_romney_vs_obama-1774.html#polls
  19. ^ https://uselectionatlas.org/POLLS/PRESIDENT/2012/polls.php?fips=51
  20. ^ http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/2012election.pdf
  21. ^ Jump up to: a b "Virginia - Election Results 2008". The New York Times. November 4, 2008. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  22. ^ "Virginia Presidential Election Voting History". 270toWin. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  23. ^ "President Exit Polls". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-12-05.
  24. ^ Cohen, Micah (November 4, 2012). "In Virginia, It's Tradition Versus Change". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  25. ^ "Virginia Election Results 2016". The New York Times. 2017-08-01. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-12-05.
  26. ^ "Virginia Election Results". The New York Times. 2020-11-03. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-12-05.

External links[]

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