2020 Dominican Republic municipal elections

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Municipal elections were held in the Dominican Republic on February 16, 2020, to elect all local governments officials in the country, including mayors, deputy mayors, aldermen, directors, deputy directors, and voices in municipalities.[1] However, due to countless electoral polling places reporting problems with the electronic voting system within the first few hours of opening the polls, the Central Electoral Board (Spanish: Junta Central Electoral, JCE) decided to suspend the elections.[2][3][4][5] The elections were rescheduled to March 15, 2020.[6][7][8][9]

These would have been the second municipal elections to be held solely and apart from any other electoral process in the country's history and the first since 1968.[10][11][12] It is the first time in the country's voting history that elections have been suspended.[4][13][14]

After the suspension of the elections, various acts of violence in the province of Santo Domingo took place that left at least two dead and several injured; additionally another person died before the suspension of the election, that is, during the voting.[15]

In the hours following the suspension and for several days after February 16, thousands of Dominicans took to the streets to demand the resignation of the Central Electoral Board.[3][13][16]

Initially concentrated at The Flag Square, a monument dedicated to the Dominican flag which is located across the street from the main site of the Central Electoral Board in Santo Domingo de Guzmán, the protests have since extended to other locations across the country, and in cities around the world, led by the Dominican diaspora.[16][17][18]

Electoral system[]

Municipalities in the Dominican Republic are governed by ayuntamientos, which are the basic political institutions in the country. Ayuntamientos have independent legal personality and have two governing bodies, the municipal council, composed of the mayor and a plenary assembly of councillors (the local legislative branch), and the Office of the Mayor, known as Alcaldía, directed by the mayor (the local executive branch). Municipalities are often divided into Municipal Districts, governed by decentralized organs under the municipality known as district councils (Juntas Distritales) composed of a District director (Director distrital) and an assembly of district councillors (vocales).[19][20]

The city of Santo Domingo de Guzman is contained within the Distrito Nacional, the site of national government, and possesses a special status, as is common in federal nations. However, in practice and for the purposes of local administration, the rules that apply for the country's municipalities also apply for the capital.[21]

Regidores are allocated to municipal councils based on the following scale:[22]

Population Regidores (councillors)
<25,000 5
25,000-50,000 7
50,000-75,000 9
75,000-100,000 11
>100,001 +1 per each 50,000 inhabitants or fraction greater than 25,000
+1 if total is an even number

District councillors (vocales) are elected at the rate of 3 in Municipal Districts with a population of up to 15,000, and 5, in districts with a population greater than 15,000.

Election method[]

The mayor is directly elected by popular vote. For the first time the choice of councilors will feature preferential voting, meaning that when citizens vote for a specific councilor candidate, this vote would be automatically counted towards that candidate's party and also towards the candidate for mayor of that same party. This system differs from previous elections, in which a closed list was used. The allocation of the total number of councilors to be chosen for each party/alliance will be determined by total votes received. This means all votes cast for mayor, for each of the councilors, and for each party/alliance will be added using open list proportional representation and the D'Hondt method. Candidates will be selected based on the position won according to the preference vote. Municipal District officials will be elected the same way.[23]

Election system[]

After claims of irregularities with the automated voting system during the Simultaneous Primary in October 2019, the Central Electoral Board decided that this system would only be used in those municipalities whose number of councilors to elect would be eleven or more in addition to the municipality of Mao.[24]

In total, the automated voting system was to be used in 18 municipalities across the country, while the remaining 140 municipalities would use the traditional manual voting system. The Municipal Districts will use the same method as the municipality to which they belong.[25][26]

For the rescheduled date, the Central Electoral Board eliminated the automated voting option.[6][9]

Suspension of elections and national protests[]

In the early hours of February 16, Dominican citizens began approaching their designated sites to vote. Although polling places were scheduled to open nationwide at 7 am, delays began to be reported which led the president of the Central Election Board, Julio César Castaños Guzmán, to ask that citizens “have patience” as he indicated during a press conference at the board's headquarters that some “polling places may experience delays” in starting the electoral process.[27]

At 11:11 am, Castaños Guzmán called for a second press conference to announce that elections would be suspended nationwide due to the widespread failure of the electronic voting system. He said that elections could not continue because the electoral ballot did not load properly in a majority of polling places in which the automated voting system was being used.[14][28]

Issues with the automated voting system became known to the Central Electoral Board on the evening prior to the elections as the board's technical team was installing the voting machines. The issues were communicated to the Organization of American States, who was participating in the elections as part of a group of international observers, and to delegates from all political parties. The Central Electoral Board's technical team attempted to correct the issues by visiting the affected polling sites after 5PM on February 15 but were unable to correct them. José Ignacio Paliza, opposition leader and president of the Modern Revolutionary Party, was among first to report the technical issues were present as early as the night before the elections in heavily populated provinces and municipalities across the country, such as Puerto Plata, San Pedro, San Francisco de Macorís, San Cristóbal, and Santo Domingo Oeste. Paliza reported that the issues had not been resolved as of 6:10 am on the morning of the elections. Shortly after opening the polls, delegates from several parties began reporting problems at specific polling sites, indicating that the voting equipment failed to load the ballots fully. This meant certain candidate names, primarily of candidates from opposition parties, would not appear at all, making it impossible for their supporters to vote for them.[14][2][28][29][30][31]

The automated voting system was to be used in 18 municipalities across the country, representing 62% of all registered voters, as these municipalities have the largest populations, while the remaining 140 municipalities would use the traditional manual voting system for 38% of registered voters.[28][2]

Protests[]

See also: Timeline of 2020 Dominican Republic Municipal Election Protests

Dominican Republic[]

Shortly after the Central Electoral Board's announcement, groups of Dominican citizens, outraged with the electoral suspension itself and the lack of information regarding the causes behind the technical failure, took to the streets to protest against the Central Electoral Board. The peaceful protests began in Santo Domingo de Guzman and were initially concentrated at [The Flag Square], a monument dedicated to the Dominican flag which is located across from the main site of the Central Electoral Board. The protests have since extended to other locations across the country, and in cities around the world, led by the Dominican diaspora.[3][18]

Some of the main issues raised by the protesters were the perceived collaboration between the electoral board and the current government, the use of national funds for the benefit of politicians and their families, and a generalized frustration with political corruption and impunity. Other issues addressed were the poor state of the country's public health and education systems, the privatization of protected areas, crime, and the weakened state of Dominican democracy. A majority of the protesters are young, educated, and represent various social classes. Many have taken to wearing black clothes and covering their faces with masks to protect their identity to avoid retaliation from the government.[32]

Also at issue was the lack of information provided by the Central Electoral Board about the failures and a concern that the incident would not be investigated fully. This dissatisfaction led many protesters to call for the resignation of the current Central Electoral Board.[32]

After the suspension, the Central Electoral Board began taking measures to contain the protests by increasing security around the building's perimeter as early as the morning following the suspended elections, when the first manifestation was expected to take place.[33]

Repression of protesters intensified on Tuesday, as crowds grew larger at The Flag Square. Military agents were deployed to the area to support the National Police and on Tuesday evening, tear gas devices were detonated against the crowd. The move was criticized by the local and international press, the Central Electoral Board, opposition parties, and the government.[34][35]

Although the country's security forces were quick to distance themselves from the incident, the Minister of Defense, Lieutenant General Ruben Paulio Sem, later confirmed that the tear gas devices were launched by a rogue military agent and were not authorized, as the protest had been organized and peaceful, there was no threatening activity, and the situation did not call for such a response. According to reports, protesters “took the time to pick up litter and clean up the plaza”, putting the trash “into organized trash bags” and have “urged each other to show respect to authorities, particularly local police”.[36][37]

On February 24, the Dominican Government increased Dominican National Police and Dominican Army presence in the areas surrounding President Danilo Medina's residence in the Los Cacicazgos neighborhood, which is located near the Flag Square, the main site of the protest in Santo Domingo. On February 25, reports surfaced of protest repression, as pedestrians and cyclists carrying placards or wearing black clothes were prohibited from transiting freely on the street. Authorities were reported to have confiscated and destroyed protest signs.[38]

Worldwide[]

Aftermath and investigation[]

After the suspension of the elections, the Central Electoral Board asked outside organizations to audit the voting system and an investigation is in process. The Organization of American States, the International Foundation for Electoral Systems and the Inter-American Union of Electoral Organizations (UNIORE) have agreed to perform an investigation into the elections.[39]

On February 19, 2020, National Police spokesman Frank Félix Durán Mejía said that two individuals, police Col. Ramón Antonio Guzmán Peralta, who had been assigned as security detail to the presidential candidate of one of the opposition parties, Luis Abinader, and Manuel Antonio Regalado, a technician for the Claro telecommunications company, were detained for trying to sabotage the elections. Both individuals were interrogated and have since been released. A third individual alleged to be involved in the incident, Coronel Koji Maruyama, has not been questioned by authorities.[3][40][41][42]

Election schedule[]

Key dates relating primaries and the general election will be as follows:[43]

Primaries
July 7, 2019 Pre-campaign starts.
August 22, 2019 Nominations for primaries close at 12:00.
October 6, 2019 Last date to hold parties primaries.
Simultaneous primaries held on this day.
October 11, 2019 Last date to declare primaries results.
October 16, 2019 Last date to publish candidates names.
October 25, 2019 Last date to register candidates names in the Electoral Board.
General elections
November 3, 2019 Delivery of the Electoral Registry to political parties and programs to be use in counting process.
November 18, 2019 Last date for the Electoral Proclamation.
December 3, 2019 Last date for request of alliances and coalitions.
December 18, 2019 Last date for the presentation of independent candidates.
December 24, 2019 Approval of candidacies; Candidates' names publicised by electoral officers.
February 11, 2020 Facsimile publication of ballots in national circulation media.
February 16, 2020 Polling day — GENERAL MUNICIPAL ORDINARY ELECTIONS. Poll open from 07:00 to 17:00.
CANCELLED DUE TO AUTOMATIC VOTING MACHINES FAILURE AND IRREGULARITIES.
March 15, 2020 Polling day — GENERAL MUNICIPAL EXTRAORDINARY ELECTIONS. Poll open from 07:00 to 17:00.
Preliminary results will be available as soon as possible afterwards.
March 29, 2020 Official results declared

Nominations[]

After the process for internal elections during the month of October, on November 8 the electoral campaign was formally opened and the electoral calendar began to run. The parties had to formally register their candidates during the first week of December 2019, each Municipal Electoral Board decided on December 11 on the admission or rejection of all candidacies.

For this election a total of 158 mayors and the same amount of vice mayors will be chosen; 1,164 councillors (regidores) and a similar amount of alternates; 235 directors, same proportion of deputy directors and 735 district councillors (vocales).[44]

Women's quota and Youth quota

After that date, several complaints and legal complaints have been filed against the rejection of candidacies and, above all, changes in the composition of the ballots of the parties in relation to deputies and councilors, especially regarding the changes produced in those with the objective of complying the quota of women and the quota of youth. For this reason, the Central Electoral Board has not yet published the definitive list of candidates. The electoral law establishes a gender quota of no more than 60% and not less than 40%, for any gender, at the congressional and municipal levels, the municipal law previously established that the running mates of mayors and directors should be of the opposite gender.

On December 16, the Superior Electoral Court (Spanish: Tribunal Superior Electoral, TSE) presented a formula and urged that it be the basis as an example of how the woman's quota should be applied fairly, this formula was submitted on the occasion of rejecting the action initiated by Niurka M. Reyes Guzmán (PRM - El Seibo), a former pre-candidate for a deputy, the court understood that her fundamental rights had not been violated because in her demarcation there was only one position submitted to popular election during the primaries.[45] Two days later, the TSE instituted a special and more agile procedure to hear the appeals for amparo and the challenges filed against the decisions of the Electoral Boards, during the first four days (from December 16 to 19) the total files deposited have amounted to 235.[46]

On the other hand, according to the law, 10% of the candidates must be between 18 and 35 years of age, this provision known as the youth quota has not presented the same degree of disagreements or holders in the media, in fact, neither the JCE or the TSE has established any selection method, this is probably because Electoral Laws says its at national level, but the ambiguity of the law based on the levels of election will make the challenges more recurrent in the days to publish the candidates definitive list approaches.

Opinion polls[]

National[]

Fieldwork date Polling firm/Commissioner Sample size PLD PRM Others Don't Know Lead
15 Mar 2020 2020 extraordinary municipal elections N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
21–24 Feb 2020 CEC[47] 1,500 27.3 53.2 0.9 0.5 6.3 1.6 – 25.9
16 Feb 2020 Municipal elections suspended on its original polling date due to irregularities with the automated voting system
4–6 Feb 2020 SigmaDos[48] 1,220 41.7 34.5 3.5 2.2 4.6 0.8 10.1 7.2
31 Jan–3 Feb 2020 CID Latinoamerica[49] 1,203 43.0 35.0 4.0 2.0 6.0 – – 8.0
18-20 Jan 2020 SigmaDos[50] 1,243 39.5 35.7 – – – – – 3.8
15 May 2016 2016 municipal elections[51] N/A 35.7 24.4 7.8 12,1 0.4[a] 19.32 – 11.3

By municipality[]

Santo Domingo, DN[]

Fieldwork date Polling firm/Commissioner Sample size Domingo Contreras
PLD 		Carolina Mejia
PRM 		Johnny Ventura
FP 		Others Don't Know Lead
15 Mar 2020 2020 extraordinary municipal elections N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
28 Feb-2 Mar 2020 Mark Penn/Stagwell[52] 781 33.0 52.0 6.0 1.0 8.0 19.0
21-24 Feb 2020 Greenberg/Diario Libre[53] 1,029 23.0 32.0 18.0 – – 9.0
16 Feb 2020 Municipal elections suspended on its original polling date due to irregularities with the automated voting system
1-3 Feb 2020 CEC[54] 1,200 34.7 48.0 9.4 4.4 2.5 13.3
10-20 Jan 2020 SigmaDos[50] 900 37.1 31.5 13.9 – – 5.6
15 May 2016 2016 municipal elections[55] N/A 37.1[b] 56.6[c][d] 0.1[e][f] 6.2 – 19.5

Santiago de los Caballeros[]

Fieldwork date Polling firm/Commissioner Sample size PLD PRM Others Don't Know Lead
15 Mar 2020 2020 extraordinary municipal elections N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
4-6 Mar 2020 Herrera, Almonte & Asociados[56] 1,324 62.5 30.2 2.4 1.3 0.3 3.1 32.2
28 Feb-2 Mar 2020 Mark Penn/Stagwell[52] 762 40.0 32.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 21.0 8.0
16 Feb 2020 Municipal elections suspended on its original polling date due to irregularities with the automated voting system
3-7 Feb 2020 Herrera, Almonte & Asociados[57] 1,307 70.4 22.0 3.9 1.8 0.5 – 48.4
10-20 Jan 2020 SigmaDos[50] 800 64.0 26.3 – – – – 37.7
15 May 2016 2016 municipal elections[58] N/A 53.4[g] 32.3 [h][i] 10.3[j] 32.3 [k] 3.9 – 21.0

Results[]

Overall[]

PartyVotes%
Modern Revolutionary Party1,432,71441.71
Dominican Liberation Party1,129,80732.89
Dominican Revolutionary Party143,4294.18
Social Christian Reformist Party123,5483.60
People's Force118,5723.45
55,8501.63
Social Democratic Institutional Bloc44,9571.31
Dominican Humanist Party35,2131.03
Country Alliance 54,1791.58
Broad Front 30,6910.89
Civic Renovation Party33,5330.98
Alternative Democratic Movement24,4950.71
Liberal Reformist Party 24,0040.70
Revolutionary Social Democratic Party27,8820.81
Alliance for Democracy 25,2840.74
Liberal Action Party14,4380.42
Christian Democratic Union 17,8390.52
Christian People's Party 15,9200.46
People's Democratic Party 15,7210.46
Quisqueyano Christian Democratic Party10,8580.32
Pais Possible12,4120.36
National Unity Party 7,3690.21
Independent Revolutionary Party8,4490.25
National Progressive Force7,7230.22
National Citizen Will Party6,5210.19
Dominican Green Party5,5410.16
Institutional Democratic Party 4,0990.12
Independent Movement, Unity and Progress1,5700.05
We for When? Political Community Movement1,5920.05
Eagle Political Movement5090.01
Nigua Independent Movement for Change920.00
Total3,434,811100.00
Valid votes3,434,81194.85
Invalid/blank votes186,3555.15
Total votes3,621,166100.00
Registered voters/turnout8,093,78144.74
Source: JCE[59]

City control[]

The following table lists the mayor changes in provincial capitals, as well as in municipalities of at least 50,000 inhabitants. The inauguration of the new municipal councils will took place on April 24, 2020 unless otherwise noted.

Gains for a party are highlighted in that party's color. For official reasons a party gain is based on the party which won the municipality on the last election instead of the outgoing mayor current affiliation, additionally, the incoming mayor listed party depends on the party that lead the alliance (if existed) in that specific location, this means an alliance may have various parties listed as incoming instead of just the national mayor party of that alliance. Outgoing mayors marked with an asterisk (*) are not seeking reelection in 2020.

Municipality Population Outgoing mayor Party Elected mayor Party
Santo Domingo 1,402,749 David Collado* PRM Carolina Mejía de Garrigó PRM
Santo Domingo Este 1,035,576 Alfredo Martinez* PLD Manuel Jimenez PRM
Santiago de los Caballeros 1,000,087 Abel Martínez Durán PLD Abel Martínez Durán PLD
Santo Domingo Norte 785,263 Rene Polanco* PLD Carlos Guzmán PLD
Santo Domingo Oeste 742,062 Francisco Peña PRD Jose Andujar PRM
San Felipe de Puerto Plata 330,783 Walter Musa PLD Roquelito Garcia PRM
Salvaleón de Higüey 322,266 Karen Aristy Cedeño PLD Rafael Duluc BIS
Los Alcarrizos 302,102 Danilo Rafael Santos PRD Cristian Encarnación PRM
San Pedro de Macorís 263,077 Ramon Echavarria PRD Raymundo Rafael Ortiz PRM
Concepción de La Vega 253,919 Kelvin Cruz PRM Kelvin Cruz PRM
San Cristóbal 240,705 Jose Nelson Guillen PLD Jose Montas PRM
San Francisco de Macorís 213,906 Antonio Diaz Paulino* PRM Siquio Ng de la Rosa PRM
La Romana 207,784 Jose Ramon Reyes* PLD Jose Antonio Adames PRSC
Moca 186,225 Angel Lopez PRM Miguel Guarocuya PLD
Boca Chica 162,633 Carolina Denis*‡ PCR Fermin Brito PLD
San Juan de la Maguana 156,583 Hanoi Sanchez PRSC Hanoi Sanchez PRSC
Cotuí 154,343 Teresa Ynoa Soriano PLD Bienvenido Lazala Fabian PRM
Baní 145,595 Nelson Camilo Landestoy PRD Santo Ramirez PRM
Bonao 142,984 Jose Dario Rodriguez* PRM Eberto Núñez PRM
Bajos de Haina 142,322 Osvaldo Rodriguez Estevez PRM Osvaldo Rodriguez Estevez PRM
Santa Cruz de Barahona 138,470 Noel Octavio Subervi PRD Mictor Fernandez de la Cruz PRM
Azua de Compostela 125,487 Rafael Hidalgo Fernandez PLD Ruddy Gonzalez PRM
San Antonio de Guerra 125,412 Marcia Rosario Torres PAL Cesar Rojas PRM
Santa Cruz de Mao 117,481 Odalis Rodriguez PRM Odalis Rodriguez PRM
Nagua 117,195 Alfredo Rafael Peralta PRM Alfredo Rafael Peralta PRM
Pedro Brand 110,005 Ramon Gomez Abreu PRD Wilson Paniagua Encarnacion PRM
Villa Hermosa 108,563 Freddy Johnson Castillo PRSC Favio Antonio Noel PRM
Villa Altagracia 100,252 Edwin Ferreira* PRM Jose Miguel Mendez PLD
Las Matas de Farfán 92,232 Jose Valenzuela PRSC Jose de la Cruz Gonzalez PLD
Santa Bárbara de Samaná 90,233 Nelson Antonio Nuñez PRM Nelson Antonio Nuñez PRM
Santa Cruz de El Seibo 87,071 Juan Reinaldo Valera* PRM Leo Francis Zorrilla Ramos PRM
Constanza 82,212 Ambiorix Sanchez* PLD Juan Agustin Luna Lora PRM
Tamboril 79,522 Anyolino Germosen PLD Anyolino Germosen PLD
Jarabacoa 78,522 Carlos Jose Sanchez Pineda PRSC Yunior Torres Ayala PRSC
Puñal 77,562 Miguel Rolando Fernandez MIUP Jose Enrique Romero PRM
San José de Ocoa 75,424 Milciades Aneudy Ortiz Sajiun PRD Milciades Aneudy Ortiz Sajiun PLD
Hato Mayor del Rey 73,558 Odalis Encarnacion Vega PRSC Amado de la Cruz PRM
San Víctor 72,320 Leonardo Estrella Guzman* PLD Fulgencio Sanchez Jorge PRM
San Ignacio de Sabaneta 71,217 Willian Rafael Torres PRD Felix Alberto Marte Bueno PRM
Yamasá 69,192 Hermes Rosario Rosario PLD Ramon Bisono Rodriguez PRM
Esperanza 68,522 Ana Jacqueline Peña Sanchez PRSC Freddy de Jesus Rodriguez Jimenez PRM
San José de las Matas 68,212 Roberto Espinal PLD Alfredo Reyes PRSC
Licey al Medio 64,522 Miguel Paulino PRD Miguel Paulino PLD
Salcedo 62,643 Maria Ortiz Dilone PRD Maria Ortiz Dilone PLD
Neiba 62,345 Eliferbo Herasme Diaz* PRSC Jose Dario Cepeda PLD
Monte Plata 60,957 Jesus Antonio Contreras PLD Mercedes Herrera Vasquez PRM
Villa González 59,321 Cesar Alvarez PRM Cesar Alvarez PRM
Jánico 58,521 Hilario Fernandez PLD Hilario Fernandez PLD
Villa Bisonó 55,523 Leonardo Antonio Bueno PRM Leonardo Antonio Bueno PRM
Guayubín 50,251 Cesar Humberto Breton PRM Ramon Francisco Toribio PLD
San Rafael del Yuma 50,023 Francisco Rodriguez Aponte PRM Francisco Rodriguez Aponte PRM
San Fernando de Monte Cristi 47,132 Luis Mendez Reyes PRD Rafael Jesus Jerez PLD
Comendador 43,671 Israel Aquino Montero PLD Julio Altagracia Nuñez Perez PRM
Dajabón 40,687 Miguel Cruz Jimenez* BIS Santiago Riveron Arias PRM
Pedernales 40,513 Luis Manuel Feliz Matos MODA Andres Emilio Jimenez Sanchez PRM
Jimaní 19,263 Fernando Ramon Novas* PLD Dionisys Mendez Volquez PLD

See also[]

  • Timeline of 2020 Dominican Republic Municipal Election Protests

Notes[]

  1. ^ Based on PTD performance.
  2. ^ Includes 7.26% from Progressive Bloc alliance parties. Own party 29.84%
  3. ^ Includes 11.60% from PRSC, 2.13% from DXC, 1.34% from PHD and 1.04% from Frente Amplio.
  4. ^ Within PRSC lead alliance. Own party 40.57%
  5. ^ Based on PTD performance.
  6. ^ Part of PLD lead Progressive Bloc.
  7. ^ Includes 6.54% from Progressive Bloc alliance parties. Own party 46.89%
  8. ^ Includes 19.61% from PRSC, 0.90% from DXC and 0.72% from PHD. Own party 11.14%
  9. ^ Part of PRSC lead alliance.
  10. ^ Includes 0.87% from PDI.
  11. ^ Includes 11.14% from PRM, 0.90% from DXC and 0.72% from PHD. Own party 19.61%

References[]

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  22. ^ title=Ley 176-07, Del Distrito Nacional y los Municipios
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  29. ^ "Paliza alerta de problemas en Puerto Plata con boleta electrónica" (in European Spanish). Listin Diario. February 16, 2020. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
  30. ^ "Paliza Voto automatizado presenta "importantes fallas", reporta José Ignacio Paliza" (in European Spanish). Noticias SIN. February 16, 2020. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
  31. ^ "Presidente del PRM califica como golpe fuerte al sistema democrático fallas en centros" (in European Spanish). CDN. February 16, 2020. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
  32. ^ a b "El "plantón" de los jóvenes refleja las nuevas formas de protestas en el país" (in European Spanish). Listin Diario. February 20, 2020. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  33. ^ "La JCE amaneció este lunes con la seguridad reforzada" (in European Spanish). Listin Diario. February 17, 2020. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  34. ^ "Ataque con lacrimógenas frente a JCE agudiza reclamos" (in European Spanish). Listin Diario. February 19, 2020. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  35. ^ "VIDEO Policía lanza bombas lacrimógenas a manifestantes frente a la JCE" (in European Spanish). Diario Libre. February 18, 2020. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  36. ^ "Muestra de civismo: antes de marcharse, manifestantes recogieron la basura en la Plaza de la Bandera" (in European Spanish). Diario Libre. February 20, 2020. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  37. ^ "Policía Nacional dice "desconocidos" lanzaron bombas a manifestantes frente a JCE" (in European Spanish). Diario Libre. February 19, 2020. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  38. ^ "Seguridad presidencial obstaculiza paso con pancartas cerca de residencia de Danilo Medina". Diario Libre. Diario Libre. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
  39. ^ "La OEA, la IFES y la Uniore investigarán suspensión de elecciones municipales" (in European Spanish). Diario Libre. February 21, 2020. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  40. ^ "Dominicans Protest as Officials Detain 2 in e-Vote Probe". The New York Times. February 19, 2020. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  41. ^ "Coronel Ramón Antonio Guzmán Peralta, "hombre clave" para develar trama electoral" (in European Spanish). Listin Diario. February 18, 2020. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  42. ^ "Jorge Mera dice Maruyama, responsable de custodiar equipos electorales, sigue sin ser investigado" (in European Spanish). Listin Diario. February 19, 2020. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  43. ^ "Calendario de Actividades Administrativas y Plazos Legales".
  44. ^ "Partidos conforman boletas municipales y JCE iniciará trabajos para el montaje elecciones" (in European Spanish). Listín Diario. December 7, 2019. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
  45. ^ "TSE rechaza otorgar candidatura a política que la reclamaba por cuota de género" (in European Spanish). Diario Libre. December 16, 2019. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
  46. ^ "TSE RECIBE 235 RECURSOS APELACIÓN E IMPUGNACIÓN EN 4 DÍAS CONOCERÁ 14 ACCIONES DE AMPARO ESTE SÁBADO 21" (in European Spanish). Tribunal Superior Electoral. December 20, 2019. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
  47. ^ "Centro Económico del Cibao da ganador al PRM en 10 de 11 municipios". Diario Libre (in Spanish). 6 March 2020.
  48. ^ "Encuesta Sigma Dos: PLD con 41.7% frente a un 34.5% del PRM en las municipales". RNN (in Spanish). 8 February 2020. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  49. ^ "Segunda encuesta de CID Latinoamérica muestra que el PLD arrasará en elecciones municipales". Diario Libre (in Spanish). 6 February 2020.
  50. ^ a b c "Encuesta Sigma Dos otorga 39.5% al PLD y 35.7% al PRM en intención del voto". HOY (in Spanish). 29 January 2020.
  51. ^ "Resultados Electorales 2016". Junta Central Electoral (in Spanish). March 2017. p. 29.
  52. ^ a b "Encuesta Mark Penn/Stagwell arroja preferencias para comicios municipales". Noticias SIN (in Spanish). 2 March 2020.
  53. ^ "Municipales: El PRM lidera el voto local". Diario Libre (in Spanish). 3 March 2020.
  54. ^ "Según encuesta Centro Económico del Cibao, Carolina Mejía aventaja a Domingo Contreras". CDN (in Spanish). 6 February 2020.
  55. ^ "RELACION GENERAL DEFINITIVA DEL COMPUTO ELECTORAL (MUNICIPAL)". Junta Central Electoral (in Spanish). March 2017. p. 01.
  56. ^ "Abel Martínez dominará las elecciones con un 62.51%, según encuesta". El Caribe (in Spanish). 7 March 2020.
  57. ^ "Encuesta otorga a Abel Martínez un 70.47% del electorado en Santiago". Diario Libre (in Spanish). 8 February 2020.
  58. ^ "RELACION GENERAL DEFINITIVA DEL COMPUTO ELECTORAL (MUNICIPAL)". Junta Central Electoral (in Spanish). March 2017. p. 100.
  59. ^ "ALCALDES - RELACION GENERAL DEFINITIVA COMPUTO ELECTORAL ELECCIONES EXTRAORDINARIAS MUNICIPALES 2020". jce.gob.do (in Spanish). Central Electoral Board. Retrieved March 29, 2020.
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