2021 Brazilian protests

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2021 Brazilian protests
DateJanuary 15, 2021 – ongoing
Location
Brazil – 624 cities
Internationally – 67 cities
Caused bypro-Government
  • Handling of the COVID-19 pandemic by governors and mayors
  • adoption of horizontal isolation policies
  • decisions of the Supreme Federal Court
  • support for Jair Bolsonaro’s handling of the pandemic
  • support for ballot voting
  • support for gun rights

anti-Government

  • Handling of the COVID-19 pandemic by Jair Bolsonaro
  • support vaccination campaigns against COVID-19
  • Repudiation of denialism
  • Flexibilization of horizontal isolation policies
  • Defense of doctors and nurses
  • Opposition to government-sponsored "Covid Kit"
  • Budget cuts at federal universities
  • Support for COVID-19 CPI
  • Opposition against the Government and president
Goalspro-Government
  • End of horizontal isolation policies
  • Federal intervention on states
  • Stay of Jair Bolsonaro’s presidency
  • Impeachment of STF’s judges, specially Alexandre de Moraes, or suspension of STF’s powers
  • Changing of voting system to ballot voting, or voting by both electronic voting and ballot
  • Disqualification of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva as Presidential candidate in 2022 election

anti-Government

  • Resignation or impeachment of President Jair Bolsonaro
  • Withdrawal of the Bolsonaro-Mourão ticket
  • Fresh general elections
  • Return of horizontal isolation policies
  • Better handling of COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Resignation of Eduardo Pazuello from the Ministry of Health
  • Return of emergency aid with a approximated value of R$600.00
  • Return of horizontal isolation policies
  • End of the repression to the black population
  • Environmental protection
  • Demarcation of indigenous lands
  • Disqualification of Jair Bolsonaro as Presidential candidate in 2022 election.
Methods
Statusongoing
Parties to the civil conflict

Opposition

Sympathizers:

Supported by:
 Argentina[citation needed]

Government

Supported by:
 Chile[citation needed]
Lead figures

Some notable people participating:
Fernando Haddad
Ciro Gomes
Guilherme Boulos
Adilson Gonçalves de Araújo
Sergio Nobre
Kim Kataguiri

 Jair Bolsonaro
(Commander-in-chief)
Eduardo Bolsonaro
Hamilton Mourão
Eduardo Pazuello
Ricardo Salles
Marcelo Queiroga
Sara Winter
Casualties
Injuries2
Arrested48

The 2021 Brazilian protests are popular demonstrations that took place in different regions of Brazil, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Protests both supporting and opposing government happened.[4]

It was also the first time when sectors linked to the two antagonistic sides, such as the left and the right, began to protest against the government over a common goal, holding caravans on January 23 and 24, 2021.[5][6][7]

Background[]

Bolsonaro’s claims[]

In January 5, 2021, Bolsonaro, meeting with supporters, affirmed that “the country is broken” and “I can’t do anything about it”. He also attacked the press, affirming that it “gave power to the [corona]virus”.[8] There were many specialists talking about it the next day, and Bolsonaro said, in an irony, that the country “is well, is in a marvel”, and that the press made a “terrible wave” of his affirmation.[9][10][11] While Bolsonaro’s opposition claims he’s “playing with the country”,[12] his supporters claim he was talking about the federal income tax exemption ceiling, that he can’t increase it because of the tax cuts to fight COVID-19.[13]

State of Amazonas’ Health Crisis[]

On January, a health crisis happened in the State of Amazonas, and one of the crisis’ effects was the depletion of oxygen at the state. On January 18, the Attorney General of the Union (AGU) said to the Federal Supreme Court that the government knew about the possibility of crisis, and the Union sent to the state 120,000 tablets of hydroxychloroquine, a drug with disputed efficacy for COVID-19.[14][15] The AGU also said, however, that the Health Ministry only knew about the oxygen depletion on January 8.[16]

‘Covaxingate’: allegations of corruption at Covaxin’s contract[]

On June 23, Federal Deputy Luís Miranda (DEM-DF) denounced a corruption scandal involving Covaxin’s buy contract by Bolsonaro’s government, in a live national transmission of CNN Brasil. He affirmed that he got the information with his brother, Ricardo.[17] The same day, a press conference at the Planalto Palace was organized, aired live by TV Brasil, where the Federal Government confronted Miranda’s claims,[18] and Bolsonaro affirms that it was all a typo.[19] The scandal was named “Covaxingate” by some press corporations.[20][21][22] Precisa Medicamentos’ owner (the company that intermediated Covaxin’s contract), Francisco Emerson Maximiano, sent to the COVID-19 CPI a letter that, according to CNN Brasil itself, “deny brothers”,[23] while Bharat Biotech said Brazil bought Covaxin by the same price as other countries[24][25] with better purchasing conditions, denying any overpricing.[26][27]

AstraZeneca bribery scandal[]

On June 29, the Brazilian journal Folha de S.Paulo published an interview with Luiz Paulo Dominguetti Pereira, a Davati Medical Supply’s representative. Luiz Pereira said that, on February 25, he met with Roberto Ferreira Dias, Logistics Director at the Health Ministry, in Brasília Shopping, to negotiate 400 million doses of the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. According to VEJA’s reporting on the interview, “To make up such 'group', said the representative of Davati Supply, the representative of the Ministry of Health would have stated that it would be necessary to "add 1 dollar" per dose of vaccine, for bribes. […] He claims that he refused the request for a bribe. After the case, he would have had contact with the representative of the Ministry of Health on other occasions, but the agreement did not go forward”.[28] However, Davati said Dominguetti Pereira is neither a company’s representative nor an employee,[29] and AstraZeneca denied having any intermediaries in Brazil, or negotiating with the private market, state governments and municipalities.[30][31][32]

Economic crisis[]

Main article: 2014 Brazilian economic crisis
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil § Economy

Since 2014, Brazil has been in an economic crisis, caused mainly by a political crisis that culminated in the impeachment of then-President Dilma Rousseff, but also by the 2014 commodity price shock, which had a negative impact on exports. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns exacerbated the situation: the GDP of Brazil decreased by 4.1% in 2020,[33] while 18 million fell into poverty, making poverty triple in one year.[34] Unemployment reached 36.6 million, equivalent to one Canada unemployed.[35] In a period of 15 days during the pandemic, 522,000 businesses went bankrupt.[36]

Supreme Federal Court (STF) inquiries and rulings[]

The Fake News Inquiry[]

On March 14, 2019, the then-STF president, Minister Dias Toffoli, opened an inquiry (Inquiry n. 4781) to investigate fake news against the Court’s members, indicating Minister Alexandre de Moraes as rapporteur.[37] The inquiry was labeled ‘inquisitorial’,[38] ‘unconstitutional’[38][39] and ‘illegal’.[40] The Prosecutor General of the Republic (PGR) asked the STF, on May 2020, to archive the case,[41] but this didn’t happen.[42]

Crusoé’s article about Toffoli removed[]

On April 12, 2019 (effective April 15), Moraes censored Revista Crusoé’s article about Dias Toffoli, based on documents obtained by Operation Car Wash, where, in July 13, 2007, Marcelo Odebrecht asked to Adriano Maia and Irineu Meireles, via message, if they reached an agreement about Madeira River’s hydroelectric plants with “the friend of my father’s friend”. The Operation asked to Odebrecht about these messages, and Odebrecht answered:

It refers to discussions that Adriano Maia had with the AGU on issues involving the hydroelectric dams of the Madeira River. ‘Friend of my father's friend’ refers to José Antônio Dias Toffoli. The nature and content of these discussions, however, can only be properly clarified by Adriano Maia, who led them.[43]

Moraes, the next day after the reporting was published, censored the reporting, affirming that there was a “clear abuse at the content of the reporting”.[44] The decision was widely criticized by the Brazilian press, being labeled by it unconstitutional,[45] and by the Order of Attorneys of Brazil,[46] and the censorship heated discussions about the creation of an Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry to investigate the Superior Tribunals (STF, Superior Tribunal of Justice - STJ, Superior Military Tribunal - STM, Superior Electoral Court - TSE and Superior Labor Court - TST), often called the “Lava Toga CPI”.[47][48] Even STF ministers, such as Marco Aurélio Mello[49] and Celso de Mello,[50] criticized Moraes’ decision. Moraes later revoked his order.[51]

Arrest of Deputy Daniel Silveira[]

On February 16, 2021, Moraes arrested Federal Deputy Daniel Silveira, for unbailable crime, based on the Fake News inquiry,[52] after he criticized the STF, decision unanimously confirmed by the Court[53] and later approved by the Chamber of Deputies.[54] The decision was labeled unconstitutional by jurists Dircêo Torrecillas Ramos and Matheus Falivene.[55]

Lula’s release from prision[]

On November 7, 2019, the STF, by 6 votes against 5, vetoed second instance arrest, affirming that someone may only be arrested after the res judicata. The decision paved the way to former president Luís Inácio Lula da Silva be free, and 5,000 others.[56] STF’s critics claimed the Court “finished with second instance arrest”.[57] The day after, Lula was released.[58] At that time, a Real Time Institute research affirmed that 50% of the brazilians disagreed with Lula’s release, and 56% disagreed with the Court’s decision.[59]

Lula’s sentences nullified[]

On March 8, 2021, Minister Edson Fachin nullified Lula’s sentences on Operetion Car Wash,[60] decision soon criticized by many deputies.[61] The decision would be later confirmed by the STF plenary, in an 8x3 vote, defeated Ministers Nunes Marques, Marco Aurélio Mello and the Court’s President, Luiz Fux.[62] According to a Paraná Pesquisas search, 57.5% of the brazilians disagreed with the decision.[63] In parallel, on March 23, the 2nd Class of the STF formed a majority to declare then-Judge Sérgio Moro biased when judging Lula, after Lula-appointed Minister Cármen Lúcia reverted her vote, reverting the class’ 3x2 majority against Lula to a 3x2 majority in favor of Lula.[64] The decision was later confirmed by the Court, forming a majority on April 22 in Lula’s favor. The plenary’s judgment, however, was suspended, after Minister Marco Aurélio Mello asked more time to make an analysis. Minister President Luiz Fux, then, suspended rapidly the judgment, because Ministers Luís Roberto Barroso and Gilmar Mendes started a discussion. At that time, the vote was 7x2 in Lula’s favor.[65] The judgement ended on June 23, after the votes of Marco Aurélio and Luiz Fux, both voting against, leading to a 7x4 vote in Lula’s favor. At that time, Marco Aurélio said that Lula “was politically resurrected” by the Supreme Federal Court.[66]

Criticism to the Court[]

As a result, the Court was widely criticized. Critics often said that the Supreme Federal Court was “tearing the Constitution”[67][68][69][70][71] or acting like it was the Constitution’s owner, as described in an Gazeta do Povo editorial:

If politicians activate the Supreme Court so that ministers “draw” what they know is explicit in the Magna Carta, and if the ministers agree with pleasure in doing so, it is only because they feel they own the Constitution, hovering above it instead of judging themselves subject to the Greater Law.[72]

The Court was also labeled a “shame,[69] a “court of exception”,[73][74] “perfidious”,[75] reason for “juridical insecurity”,[76][77] a defender for impunity,[78] partial,[79] de facto legislator and censorior,[80] interferer into the other powers,[81] “apequenated”[82] and a threat to democracy.[83] According to a PoderData search, 42% of brazilians disapprove the Court’s work.[84]

Super request for impeachment[]

On June 30, politicians of the left and of the right presented a “super request” for Bolsonaro’s impeachment, in an event that included former government supporters Joice Hasselman and Kim Kataguiri, along with other socialist deputies. The “super request” was a compilation of over 120 other requests, and appointed 23 supposed responsibility crimes committed by Bolsonaro.[85] Pro-government deputies criticized the proposal. Federal Deputy Carlos Jordy, for example, said that the request

Is unfounded, doesn’t have a single responsibility crime. And they seized on several issues that are raised by the extreme press, by a large part of the press, by the opposition, talking about alleged cases of corruption that there wasn’t even an investigation to prove them.[86]

Arthur Lira rejects request[]

Hours after the request was presented, Chamber of Deputies’ President, Arthur Lira, rejected the proposal, affirming that “Impeachment, as a political action, we do not do it with discourse, we do it with materiality, which has not yet been proven”.[87] He also, ironically, criticized the COVID-19 CPI, affirming that it’s “doing a great, really impartial, job”.[87][88]

Impeachment calls[]

In the midst of the crisis, a profile called @sos_impeachment appeared on Twitter, with the objective of taking a voting score through positions. Until January 25, 2021, there were 111 votes in favor and 76 against Bolsonaro's impeachment.[89] Taking advantage of the engagement, , Movimento Brasil Livre and ex-candidate for president of the Republic for the New Party, João Amoêdo, launched on January 21 a petition for the impeachment. As of January 25, there have been over 200 thousand subscriptions on the change.org platform.[90]

During the months of April and May, the movements against Bolsonaro regained strength, starting to have pressure even from artists and digital influencers. Among the people who signed a collective request published on May 24, 2021, are former RecordTV presenter Xuxa Meneghel, sports commentator Walter Casagrande, the youtuber and main government opponent Felipe Neto, the priest Júlio Lancelotti and the actress Júlia Lemmertz. In addition, doctors and scientists also signed the letter.[91] The requests started to use the context of pro-government movements asking for federal or military intervention to counter the restriction measures used by mayors and governors during the Pandemic, including pro-government demonstrations held on May 15 in Brasília as part of the movement entitled March of the Christian Family for Freedom and on May 23 in Rio de Janeiro, with the presence of the former Minister of Health, Eduardo Pazuello, one of the targets of the COVID-19 CPI and until then hadn't had given testimony.[92][93][94]

Movement[]

Anti-government[]

Protest against the government of President Jair Bolsonaro in Campinas on 29 May 2021

Cacerolazos[]

January 15, 2021[]

On that day, the first cacerolazo against the government took place in the cities of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Goiânia , Salvador, Florianópolis, São José dos Campos, Belém, Recife and Porto Alegre.[95][96] The acts began at 8:30 pm after a call on social networks using the slogan "No oxygen, no vaccine, no government ", having the support of some sectors of the left, right, center and some celebrities, being them the presenter Luciano Huck.[97][98]

March 23, 2021[]

In many Brazilian cities, such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Fortaleza, Curitiba, Maringá, Niterói, Goiânia, Porto Alegre, Vitória, João Pessoa, Salvador, Recife and Natal, were registered new cacerolazos, during the speech on the national network of President Jair Bolsonaro.[99][100] On that day, Brazil surpassed the mark of 3 thousand deaths by COVID-19 for the first time. According to the press, the cacerolazos were more popular than the last time, which was a reflection of the president's fall in popularity since the beginning of the year. Although the speech lasted 4 minutes, the protests lasted for more than 5 minutes.[101][102] The following day, the television program on the Rede Globo presented by Ana Maria Braga, the Mais Você, opened with a cacerolazo, demonstrating against Bolsonaro. The presenter said: "Each one gets the cacerolazo they deserve".[103]

June 2, 2021[]

During his speech, President Bolsonaro was the target of cacerolazos in several cities in the country, including the main capitals, such as São Paulo, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Belo Horizonte, Brasília, among others. Protesters criticized the lack of measures taken by the federal government in the fight against COVID-19. The statement was made in the context of street demonstrations held on May 29 and the COVID-19 CPI in progress. The transmission also took place hours after the announcement of the forecast by the governor of São Paulo, João Doria (PSDB), that the entire adult population of his state will be vaccinated against COVID-19 until the end of October.[104][105]

July 3, 2021[]

New demonstrations are organized for this day, both in more than 300 Brazilian cities and cities abroad, against the handling of the pandemic by President Bolsonaro and the alleged irregularities on the vaccination campaign. Union leader Vagner Freitas said that this is "the most important day of protests to secure an investigation and potential impeachment" of Bolsonaro.[106] Protests are also sparked due to the threat by Bolsonaro of not recognizing defeat in the 2022 election due to electoral fraud after the opposition's claim that Bolsonaro will lose the election.[107] Among the cities abroad with protests are Freiburg and Berlin (in Germany), Cambridge in the United Kingdom, Geneva in Switzerland and Dublin, in Ireland.[108]

The protests were later measured in tens of thousands[109] with BBC News reporting that the protests were also motivated by allegations of corruption in the purchase of vaccines.[109]

In São Paulo, protestors burned a bank agency and plundered a bus stop, a vehicle shop and an university. São Paulo State Military Police tried to disperse the protestors with pepper spray and moral effect bombs, but they answered, attacking the policemen with sticks, stones, rockets, railings and bikes. A policemen was hurt, and two were arrested.[110][111][112] Bolsonaro criticized the protests on his Twitter account. He said that “[n]o genocide will be pointed out. No authoritarian escalation or "anti-democratic act" will be cited. No threat to democracy will be warned. No search and apprehension will be made. No secrecy will be broken. Remember: it was never for health or democracy, it has always been for power!”.[113]

Motorcades[]

January 23, 2021[]

Several Brazilian cities registered motorcades, bike rides and horns against the government, being organized by leftist sectors such as the Central Única dos Trabalhadores (CUT), (CTB), Frente Brasil Popular, Povo sem Medo e o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra, in addition to having the presence of sympathizers of political parties such as the Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), Partido Socialista dos Trabalhadores Unificado (PSTU), Partido Democrático Trabalhista (PDT), Rede Sustentabilidade (REDE), Partido Socialismo e Liberdade (PSOL), Partido Comunista do Brasil (PCdoB), Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB), (PV), and Popular Unity (UP). In addition to the shouts and signs written "Fora Bolsonaro", the presence of Brazilian flags, social movements such as the LGBTQIA+ and banners in some homes were also recorded.[114][115][116] In all, 21 Brazilian capitals and the Federal District had acts against the government.[117]

January 24, 2021[]

Organized by the right-wing groups Movimento Brasil Livre and , acts were registered in some Brazilian cities against the government, also through caravans, motorcades and cycling tours. In several vehicles, there were posters asking for the departure of the president and the minister of health, in addition to the phrase "Brazilian Lives Matter" and various ironies regarding the use of chloroquine and the phrases said by Bolsonaro in meetings and quotes to his children Flávio Bolsonaro, Carlos Bolsonaro and Eduardo Bolsonaro.[118] In front of the , a green and yellow banner with the phrase "Impeachment Já!" written on it was extended, The same one used in the Protests against the Dilma Rousseff government.[119][120]

January 31, 2021[]

New acts were registered in at least 56 Brazilian cities against the government, being organized by movements of the left and some of the right. In Brasilia, participants wore plastic bags on their faces to show suffocation, as a response to the oxygen crisis in Amazonas, in addition to participants consuming condensed milk, after the disclosure of a shopping list for the government on the 24th. There were also mobilizations abroad with the tag #StopBolsonaro.[121][122][123][124][125]

February 20, 2021[]

Despite the weakening of the requests for impeachment in the Chamber of Deputies, there were still caravans and motorcades in various different parts of the country asking for the president's removal, in addition to the resumption of vaccination in some cities and the return of emergency aid. The protests took place in 65 cities.[126][127][128]

Pro-government[]

31 January[]

Protestors in Belém defended the election for the presidency of the Chamber of Deputies of Arthur Lira and spoke against Bolsonaro’s impeachment.[129]

5 March[]

On March 5, truck drivers blocked Professor Simão Faiguenboim Highway (known as “Marginal Tietê”), protesting against the restrictive measures imposed by São Paulo State's Governor, João Doria Jr.[130]

7 March[]

In Salvador, a motorcade against the lockdown imposed by Mayor Bruno Reis had over 300 cars and ran over Paralela Avenue.[131]

14-15 March[]

Nationwide protests supporting the government happened first in March 14.[132] The protests took place in Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasilia, Salvador and other cities (in total, the capitals of 15 states and inner towns[133]). The protesters spoke against the Supreme Federal Court, lockdowns and the handling of the pandemic by governors and mayors. In Salvador, the protest (a motorcade) had over 2,000 vehicles, and the protestors shouted “the people will die with hunger” and “no to the new restrictions”.[134] In Fortaleza, the state military police repressed the protesters, which shouted “Camilo dictator” (referring to Ceará’s governor, Camilo Santana) and included the state deputy Andre Fernandes, who is politically against Camilo Santana. The police officers used pepper spray and arrested 16 people.[135][136] Answering the arrests, another protest occurred on 15 March in Fortaleza, where they shouted “Camilo out” and expressed their discontent with the Supreme Court minister Edson Fachin. 10 were arrested.[137]

Online petition against Alexandre de Moraes[]

On March 14, CNN Brasil’s political commentator Caio Coppola created an online petition to pressure the Senate to analyze the impeachment of Supreme Court's judge Alexandre de Moraes.[138] The petition hit 1 million signatures in 14 hours,[139][140] 2 million in 24 hours[141] and 2.5 million in 48 hours.[142] On March 21, senator Jorge Kajuru presented the petition to the Senate.[143]

28 March[]

A motorcade in Belo Horizonte had over 300 cars, protesting against the lockdown imposed by Mayor Alexandre Kalil. The protests had the participation of City Councilor Nikolas Ferreira. The protests started at Pope's Plaza, symbol of the protests against Kalil.[144][145]

11 April[]

Another nationwide pro-Gov’t protests happened in April 11. Entitled “March of the Christian Family for Freedom”, it was, according to the organizers, against communism, lockdowns and a decision of the Supreme Court that allowed states to close churches and religious temples.[146][147] In most places, it happened peacefully, but in Curitiba (state of Paraná), a 73-year-old was hit by a frozen passion fruit thrown from the 13th floor of a building by a 52-year-old psychologist. The psychologist was arrested for homicide attempt.[148]

19 April[]

In Fortaleza, two were arrested in a protest on April 19. The military state police's decision to arrest was considered “illegal”, since “there was no crime”.[149]

1 May[]

More nationwide protests happened on May 1, in state capitals and inner cities. The protests happened both as motorcades and demonstrations, and the protesters shouted “I authorize”, making reference to the president's claim that he will invoke Article 142 of the Brazilian constitution to restore the individual rights mentioned by the Constitution's Article 5 (one of the few irrevocable clauses of the Constitution, according to Article 60, Paragraph [§] 4th, incise IV). In São Paulo, protesters occupied the famous Paulista Avenue,[150] with the participation of 1 million people, including Federal Deputy Carla Zambelli.[151] In Rio de Janeiro, the Atlântica Avenue had its traffic banned due to the protests.[152] At the state of Rio Grande do Norte, protests happened in Natal (the state capital),[153] and in Salvador (Bahia's state capital), protests happened at Oceânica Avenue.[154] At the State of Rio Grande do Sul, protests took place in Porto Alegre (the state's capital), Santa Maria, Passo Fundo and Rio Grande,[155] and in Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (the state's capital) and four other cities had protests.[156][154] At the Brazilian capital, Brasília, Bolsonaro flew by helicopter over the protests.[157] At the state of Ceará, the protests happened in Fortaleza as a motorcade at the federal highway BR-116.[158] There were also protests on the state's southern city of Juazeiro do Norte. The Juazeiro's protest was dispersed with the use of a helicopter,[159] and in Fortaleza, 17 protesters were arrested and taken to the 2nd and 30th Police Districts.[160][161] Federal Deputy Bia Kicis, on her Twitter account, condemned the arrests,[162] and City Councilor Carmelo Neto gave juridical support for the arrested protesters.[163] At Belém, the capital of the state of Pará, a pro-Government motorcade took place around 8:30 a.m.,[164] while in Altamira, the pro-Bolsonaro motorcade was reportedly prohibited.[165][166] In total, protests interrupted traffic in 11 states and in the Federal District.[167]

9 May[]

President Bolsonaro participated in a motorcycle ride (“motociata”) for Mother’s Day in Brasília.[168]

15 May[]

Brasília[]
Pro-government protest in Brasília
Bolsonaro flies over protests in Brasília

Pro-government protests, organized by movements Marcha da Família Cristã and Brasil Verde e Amarelo, took place at the Ministries Esplanade, with the participation of Bolsonaro and some of his ministers, all arriving by horse.[169][170] The protests started on early rising and ended at 5 p.m., with a pause for lunch at 11 a.m.[171] During his speech, Bolsonaro defended ballot voting and criticized lockdown measures taken by states and municipalities, affirming that “they won’t steal the freedom of our people”.[172]

Other cities[]

In Rio de Janeiro, protests took place at Copacabana Beach,[173] while in São Paulo, at Avenida Paulista.[173][174] In Fortaleza, protests took place at Avenida Beira Mar, with the participation of the Pro-Gov’t group Endireita Fortaleza.[175] Protests also took place in Curitiba,[176] Belo Horizonte and a hundred other cities.[177]

23 May[]

Bolsonaro participated in another “motociata”, in Rio de Janeiro, with an estimated number of 38,000 to 39,000 motorcycles, at a 30-kilometer path from Barra Olympic Park, at the city’s West zone, to the Flamengo Landfill, at the South Zone.[178] The participation of the former Health Minister, General Eduardo Pazuello,[179] prompted an internal investigation at the Army, for a possible violation to the Military’s Statute.[180] The Army decided to don’t punish him,[181] and imposed a hundred years confidentiality at the case.[182]

12 June[]

Bolsonaro participated in another motociata, in São Paulo, called “Acelera para Cristo”.[183][184] The Public Security Secretariat of the State of São Paulo (SSP-SP) used 6,000 police officers to guarantee the event’s safety, and Bolsonaro was charged for not using a mask.[184][185]

20 June[]

A motociata without Bolsonaro’s presence was held in Recife, starting at 10 a.m. at Orla da Piedade. The number of motorcycles is estimated at 3,500. Some came from inner Pernambuco, and others, from states like Paraíba and Bahia.[186]

26 June[]

Bolsonaro held another motociata in Chapecó (State of Santa Catarina)[187] with the city’s mayor, João Rodrigues (PSD),[188] in a 90-kilometer path from Flávio Baldissera Industrial District to the city of Xanxerê, and back to the District. According to the Highway Military Police, 50,000 were present.[189][190]

2 July[]

Bolsonaro supporters in Salvador organized another “motociata” on Bahia’s Independece Day, when the State of Bahia commemorates the end of the Siege of Salvador.[191] The “motociata” defended Bolsonaro’s government and ballot voting, and was described as “impressive”.[192] The protestors also criticized Bahia’s Governor, Rui Costa.[191] The ride started around 10 a.m., going from que Dique do Tororó (Tororó’s Dike, in free translation) to Salvador’s Coast.[193]

9 July[]

Bolsonaro’s supporters protested in Brasília for the legalization of firearms to the civil population.[194]

11 July[]

Protests supporting Bolsonaro and ballot voting, against mandatory vaccinations and vaccine passports, with critics to the Supreme Court, were registered in Fortaleza’s Portugal Plaza.[195]

18 July[]

A ‘bicicletada’ (motorcade with bikes) defending ballot voting was held in Recife.[196]

31 July[]

Bolsonaro participated in another ‘motociata’ in Presidente Prudente, at the State of São Paulo.[197]

1 August[]

Protests were registered this day, nationwide, supporting Bolsonaro and ballot voting, in many Brazilian cities.

  • Federal District

Protests in Brasília occupied the Ministries Esplanade, blocking all lanes of the Monumental Axis. The protest started at 10 a.m., in a walk from the National Library to the National Congress. Fmr. Bolsonaro’s Foreign Minister Ernesto Araújo and Deputy Bia Kicis were present.[198][199]

  • State of São Paulo

Protests happened in many cities of the State: in the capital, São Paulo, protests happened at the Paulista Ave.[200] The protest was labeled ‘admirable’[201] and affected 21 metro lines.[200] Protests were also recorded in Bauru,[202] São Carlos,[203] Araçatuba, São José do Rio Preto,[204][205] Santos,[206] Campinas,[207] Sorocaba, Jundiaí, [208] Ribeirão Preto,[209] Piracicaba,[210] São José dos Campos and Pindamonhangaba.[211]

  • State of Rio de Janeiro

A protest, started at 10 a.m., was registered in Rio’s Copacabana, in the Atlântica Avenue.[212] Over a thousand people were there, according to BandNews FM.[213] In Niterói, protests happened at Icaraí Beach,[214] and in Campos dos Goytacazes, there was a protest, starting at 10 a.m., in front of the City Council, followed by a motorcade.[215]

  • State of Ceará

Protests were registered in Fortaleza,[216] Quixadá,[217] Juazeiro do Norte[218] and Canindé.[219] In Fortaleza, protests happened at the Portugal Plaza, crowding it.[220][216] Participated in the act State Deputy André Fernandes,[221] City Councilors for Fortaleza Carmelo Neto[222] and Priscila Costa[223] and Federal Deputy for Ceará Capitão Wagner Sousa.[224] In Juazeiro do Norte, a motorcade happened near Giradouro Plaza,[218] while in Canindé, a protest happened at Dr. Aramis Plaza.[219] In Quixadá, a protest was reported at José de Barros Plaza and Rodrigues Junior Street, at the City’s Center.[217]

  • State of Minas Gerais

In Belo Horizonte, a protest happened at the Liberty Plaza, with 5,000 people. Organized by movements Brasil Conservador, Direita BH and Marcha da Família Cristã, the protest had more people than expected - 1,500.[225] Participated in the act City Councilor Nikolas Ferreira and State Deputy Bruno Engler.[226] In Juiz de Fora, 1,500 protested at the Antônio Carlos Plaza (at the city center). The protest was organized by the movement Direita Minas, and started with the National Anthem and with a pray for Bolsonaro.[227] In Uberlândia, the was a motorcade and a ‘motociata’,[228] similar to what happened in Poços de Caldas,[229][230] Varginha and Pouso Alegre.[230]

  • State of Pará

About 20,000 people protested in Belém. The act started at 8 a.m. (local time, 9 a.m. in Brasília) at the Docks Station, and by 9 a.m., the protesters went to the Republic Plaza, through President Vargas Ave, where they sung the National Anthem. After that moment, they went through Nazaré Ave to the Quintino Bocaiúva cross, passed through Boaventura da Silva Street and ended the act on Visconde de Souza Franco Ave, around noon. There were people by car, motorcycle or walking. Politicians, such as the Federal Deputy Éder Mauro, State Deputy Delegado Caveira and Federal Police Officer Everaldo Eguchi, were present.[231]

  • State of Rio Grande do Norte

In Natal, protests were registered at the crossing between Nevaldo Rocha and Salgado Filho Aves, in front of the Midway Mall. The number of protestors was estimated in thousands.[232][233][234][235] A motorcade was registered in Mossoró.[236]

  • State of Paraná

In Curitiba, protestors met at Boca Maldita, a traditional area of protests in the city’s center.[237][238] In Londrina, the protests started at 3 p.m., at the crossing between J.K. and Higienópolis Avenues, and, at 4:20 p.m, after the singing of the National Anthem, a motorcade happened, going through Higienópolis Ave to the Bandeira Plaza. Federal Deputy Felipe Barros, born in Londrina, was at the protest.[237][239] There were motorcades registered in Foz do Iguaçu and Guarapuava.[238]

  • State of Santa Catarina

Acts were registered in the state capital, Florianópolis, and in Itajaí, Balneário Camboriú, Blumenau, Pomerode, Joinville, Criciúma, Tubarão and Chapecó. Something between 8,000 and 10,000 protestors participated in the acts.[240][241]

  • State of Pernambuco

Protestors in Recife gathered at Boa Viagem, at the city’s south zone, at 2 p.m., and collected food for low-income families. Participated in the protest politicians Clarissa Tercio and Alberto Feitosa, of the Social Christian Party (PSC), and Minister of Tourism Gilson Machado Neto.[242]

5 August[]

A protest defending ballot voting happened in Brasília, in front of Annex II of the Chamber of Deputies, with the participation of Federal Deputy Bia Kicis.[243]

7 August[]

2021 Motociata na cidade de Florianópolis.jpg

Bolsonaro held a ‘motociata’ in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina’s state capital, gathering 35,000 people, including 25,000 motorcycles,[244] with 250 participating by boat.[245] Participated in the act State Deputy Kennedy Nunes, Senator Jorginho Mello, businessman Luciano Hang, Federal Deputies Fábio Schiochet, Carla Zambelli and Caroline de Toni, Santa Catarina Vice-Governor Daniele Reinehr and Florianópolis City Councilor Maryanne Mattos.[246]

5 September[]

A ‘motociata’ supporting Bolsonaro and criticizing decisions of the Supreme Court was held in Miami, Florida.[247][248]

7 September[]

The ‘New Independence’[]

September 7th, 2021 is the 199th anniversary of the Brazilian Independence. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ministry of Defense suspended the classic civil-military parade of Independence Day for the 2nd consecutive year.[249] However, nationwide protests are planned for this day. The date is being called the ‘New Independence’ by some politicians, including Federal Deputy Carla Zambelli.[250]

Military Police[]

On August 23, it was reported that military policemen are organizing themselves to participate in the September 7 acts in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.[251]

The next day, the Public Ministry of São Paulo opened an investigation against State Military Policemen who supported the act, specially Aleksander Lacerda, commander of the Inner Policing Command-7 (Comando de Policiamento do Interior-7, CPI-7) and Augusto Araújo, of Ceagesp (Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo).[252]

On September 5, it was reported that the states of Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina won’t ‘hunt’ military policemen who participate in the acts, while the states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Piauí, Amazonas, São Paulo and Roraima will punish them.[253]

On September 6, it was reported that 30% of military policemen want to participate in pro-Bolsonaro September 7 acts.[254]

Truckers strike[]

According to State of Santa Catarina’s news portal ND+, reported that south state truckers’ leader, Jair ‘Bala’ Ferraz, confirmed a truckers strike against ‘the abuses of the Supreme Court’. The strike will start at morning of September 7, with no day to end. Blockades were scheduled at federal highway BR-101, in Maracajá, Arananguá and Santa Rosa do Sul, strategic areas where even small vehicles can’t go through. Only emergency vehicles and ‘live charge’ will be allowed to pass.[255] The agency also reported that blockades will also happen in Tubarão, Sombrio, São Cristóvão do Sul, São Francisco do Sul, Mafra, Canoinhas, Porto União, Papanduva, Guaramirim, Garuva, Itajaí, and at BR-101’s kilometer 25, in Joinville, at the State’s north. Blockades will also happen in Florianópolis’ areas of Palhoça and Biguaçu.[256]

ND+ also reported that transit must paralyze near the access to the city of Irani. It was revealed that the movement started to be organized 40 days before. Buses, emergency vehicles, small cars, perishable loads and hospital supplies will be allowed to go through. A strike was also scheduled to happen in Caçador, starting at 5 a.m.[257]

Truckers are already heading to Brasília, not waiting September 7.[258]

Arrest of journalist Wellington Macedo, trucker Zé Trovão wanted, might have left Brazil[]

On September 3, STF’s Minister Alexandre de Moraes ordered the arrest of conservative journalist Wellington Macedo (arrested), who was organizing the September 7 protests, and trucker Marcos Antônio Pereira Gomes, known as ‘Zé Trovão’.[259] The Federal Police searched Trovão’s house to obey Moraes’ order, but Trovão wasn’t arrested. He’s wanted.[259][260] Trovão also claims he won’t ‘surrender’ until after September 7.[261] According to CNN Brasil, it’s likely that Trovão left Brazil.[262]

Arrest of Santa Catarina’s professor[]

On September 5, a professor from the city of Otacílio Costa, in Santa Catarina, was arrested after an order of Alexandre de Moraes, due to his participation in a live streaming on September 3.[263]

Security scheme in Brasília[]

Brasília’s central region will have an special security scheme by the Federal District Military Police on the week of September 7, due to the protests, including blocking traffic.[264]

Zambelli ordered to testify by Moraes[]

On September 4, Alexandre de Moraes ordered Deputy Carla Zambelli to testify at the Federal Police about the September 7 protest.[265][266]

Caravans[]

Caravans from the states of Goiás, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Paraná, Mato Grosso, Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul confirmed traveling to Brasília with charter buses.[267]

Brasília’s hotels operating on maximum[]

According to the Brazilian Association of Hotels Industry of the Federal District (Abih-DF), on 6 and 7 September, hotels in Brasília are operating in almost maximum capacity, with the only available rooms being superior category ones, such as presidential suites. Abih-DF’s president, Henrique Severein, affirmed that such a movement was never seen.[268]

Bolsonaro: September 7 is an ultimatum from the people[]

In an event on the State of Bahia on September 3, President Bolsonaro said that the September 7 acts will be a ‘huge demonstration of patriotism’, and also said that the acts will be an ‘ultimatum’ from the people.[269]

PMDF’s barrier breached at the Ministries Esplanade[]

On the night of September 6, pro-Bolsonaro protestors breached the blockade of the Federal District Military Police (Polícia Militar do Distrito Federal, PMDF), and walked into the Ministries Esplanade, in Brasília.[270][271] A second barricade was formed, near the Metropolitan Cathedral, but it would be breached around 9 p.m.[272] The breach reportedly happened with support from the PMDF policemen in place.[270]

September 7: Brasília[]
Protestors at the Ministries Esplanade in Brasília, September 7, 2021

Pro-government protestors from many country areas gathered in the Ministries Esplanade, in Brasília, on September 7, supporting ballot voting and the destitution of Supreme Court ministers.[273] The Esplanade was already crowded at 10:53, but more people were still expected to arrive[274]. The protests happened during the morning.[275][276]

Bolsonaro flies over Brasília, September 7, 2021

Bolsonaro flew over the protest with his son, Federal Deputy Eduardo Bolsonaro, Senator Marcos Rogério, and Minister of Defense Braga Netto[277]. He also made a speech, where he said that “we can’t accept more political arrests in Brazil. Either the chief of this Power frames his [minister], or this Power might suffer what we do not want”, making reference to Supreme Court’s president Minister Luiz Fux, about the decisions of Minister Alexandre de Moraes[278]. The protest gathered 400,000 people[279].

September 7: São Paulo[]
Pro-government protest in São Paulo, September 7, 2021

In São Paulo, protestors gathered at Paulista Avenue. Some areas with a large concentration of people made unviable moving. Near streets had some buses parked, due to caravans coming to São Paulo.[280] The protest started in the morning.[281]

Bolsonaro flying over Paulista Avenue, 7 September 2021

Bolsonaro flew over the Avenue and arrived on it at 3:30 p.m.,[282][283] where he said that “we will no longer admit people, like Alexandre de Moraes, who disrespect our Constitution”,[284] while also calling the minister a “scoundrel”.[285] According to the Military Police of São Paulo, 125,000 people were present.[286] The measurement, however, was criticized, being labeled "out of reality" by Jovem Pan’s radio program Os Pingos nos Is.[287]

September 7: Other cities[]

In Rio de Janeiro, protestors gathered at Atlântica Avenue, in Copacabana Beach, blocking both of its two lanes[288]. A crane raised a 12-meter Brazilian flag, and a man with a knife was arrested.[289]

In São Paulo State’s inner cities of Taubaté, São José dos Campos and Guaratinguetá, pro-Bolsonaro acts were reported. According to the organizers, 5,000 were present in São José dos Carlos’ act, but the Military Police didn’t publish an estimate.[290]

In Salvador, a walk went from Farol da Barra do Morro de Cristo. The act started at 9 a.m. and finished at 1:30 p.m.[291] In Fortaleza, a motorcade went from the Castelão Arena to the Portugal Plaza, going through Alberto Craveiro, Raul Barbosa, Desembargador Moreira, Rui Barbosa, Abolição, Beira-Mar, Virgílio Távora and Dom Luís Avenues, gathering "thousands".[292][293] The protestors sung the National Anthem and held support banners for the Federal Executive. Federal Deputies Dr. Jaziel, Capitão Wagner and State Deputies Delegado Cavalcante, Soldado Noélio and Dra. Silvana were present. The act was peaceful.[294] There were also protests in Ceará’s inner cities of Juazeiro do Norte, Sobral and Ipu.[292]

In Goiânia, a "motocarreata" (motorcade with cars and motorcycles) was held in front of Goiânia Autodrome, 5-kilometer long.[295]

In total, acts were registered in 179 cities.[296]

Outcomes[]

Parliamentary Committee of Enquiry at the Senate[]

On February 3, Senator Randolfe Rodrigues said he got the needed signatures to start a Parliamentary Committee of Enquiry at the Federal Senate (‘Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito, abbreviated as ‘CPI’, in Portuguese - The needed signatures are 27, accordingly to the Constitution's Article 58, § 3rd) to investigate Bolsonaro's handling of the pandemic.[297] Besides that, nothing happened until Supreme Federal Court's minister Luís Roberto Barroso, on April 8, forced the Senate to create Randolfe's CPI,[2] created on April 13.[298] In parallel, Ceará’s Senator Eduardo Girão, on March 2, started to collect signatures to create a Commission to investigate corruption scandals involving states and municipalities,[299] which caught the media's attention after many Federal Police's operations, known as “Covidão” (Big Covid, in Portuguese). It is estimated that R$260 million (US$50.8 million as of 12 June 2021) were diverted.[300] Girão got the needed signatures on April 12, when his commission proposal had 33 signatures.[301] By result, Senate's president Senator Rodrigo Pacheco merged the two proposals - Girão's and Rodrigues's -, for considering them “connected matters”.[302]

Members of the Commission[]

  • President: Senator Omar Aziz (PSD-AM)
  • Vice-President: Senator Randolfe Rodrigues (REDE-AP)
  • Rapporteur: Senator Renan Calheiros (MDB-AL)[303]
  • Others: Senator Eduardo Braga, Senator Eduardo Girão, Senator Tasso Jereissati, Senator Humberto Costa, Senator Marcos Rogério, Senator Jorginho Mello, Senator Otto Alencar, Senator Ciro Nogueira
  • Substitutes: Senator Jader Barbalho, Senator Angelo Coronel, Senator Marcos do Val, Senator Rogério Carvalho, Senator Alessandro Vieira, Senator Luis Carlos Heinze, Senator Zequinha Marinho.[304]

Renan Calheiros was initially blocked by Justice from being part of the commission, when judge Charles Renaud Frazão de Morais agreed with Federal Deputy Carla Zambelli,[305] but he still became the rapporteur. Calheiros is father of Alagoas’ governor, Renan Calheiros Filho, reason why the lawyer Hazenclever Lopes Cançado wanted to block him and Senator Jader Barbalho (father of Helder Barbalho, Pará’s governor) from participating at the Commission.[306] Calheiros also declared himself partial to being rapporteur at the Commission, in matters involving the State of Alagoas, on his Twitter account.[307]

Interviews[]

Name Date(s) Position Heard as Note
Luiz Henrique Mandetta May 4 Former Health Minister between January 1, 2019 and April 16, 2020 Witness [308]
Nelson Teich May 5 Former Health Minister between April 17 and 15 May 2020 Witness [308]
Marcelo Queiroga May 6, June 8 Health Minister since March 23 Witness [308]
Antônio Barra Torres May 11 Director-President of ANVISA Witness [308]
Fábio Wajngarten May 12 Former Communication Secretary Witness [308]
Carlos Murillo May 13 Pfizer's Regional President for Latin America Witness [308]
Ernesto Araújo May 18 Former Foreign Affairs Minister Witness [308]
Eduardo Pazuello May 19–20 Former Health Minister between June 2, 2020 and March 23, 2021 Witness [308]
Mayra Pinheiro May 25 Work and Education Management Secretary of the Ministry of Health Witness [308]
Dimas Covas May 27 Butantan Institute's director Witness [308]
Nise Yamaguchi June 1 Immunologist and Oncologist Invited [308]
Luana Araújo June 2 former Extraordinary Covid Secretary Invited [308]
Élcio Franco June 9 former Executive Secretary of the Health Ministry Witness [308]
Wilson Lima June 10 Governor of the State of Amazonas Invited Governor got an habeas corpus from Supreme Federal Court's Justice Rosa Weber and didn't went to Brasilia to be interviewed.[309][310] The Commission decided to appeal Weber's decision.[311] Interview did not happen.[310]
Natalia Pasternak June 11 Microbiologist Invited [312]
Claudio Maierovitch June 11 Sanitary Doctor Invited [308]
Helder Barbalho June 29 Governor of the State of Pará Invited planned;[313] STF forced CPI to invite governors, not convoke them.[314] Interview did not happen.
Wellington Dias June 30 Governor of the State of Piauí Invited planned;[313] STF forced CPI to invite governors, not convoke them.[314] Interview did not happen.
Ibaneis Rocha July 1 Governor of the Federal District Invited planned;[313] STF forced CPI to invite governors, not convoke them.[314] Interview did not happen.
Mauro Carlesse July 2 Governor of the State of Tocantins Invited planned;[313] STF forced CPI to invite governors, not convoke them.[314] Interview did not happen.
Carlos Moisés July 6 Governor of the State of Santa Catarina Invited planned;[313] STF forced CPI to invite governors, not convoke them.[314] Interview did not happen.
Antônio Denarium July 7 Governor of the State of Roraima Invited planned;[313] STF forced CPI to invite governors, not convoke them.[314] Interview did not happen.
Waldez Góes July 8 Governor of the State of Amapá Invited planned[313]

Commission to analyze ballot voting at the Chamber of Deputies[]

On May 5, Chamber of Deputies’ president Deputy Arthur Lira authorized the creation of a commission to analyze Deputy Bia Kicis’ proposal of amendment to the Constitution (“Proposta de Emenda Constitucional” - PEC), that institutes ballot voting in Brazil.[1] The commission already formed a majority to approve the proposal, and the PEC must go forward at the Chamber.[315]

Increase of street sales[]

Street vendors saw their sales increase during pro-government protests, while decreasing in anti-government ones.[316]

See also[]

References[]

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  105. ^ "Brazilian cities registered cacerolazo against-bolsonaro this Wednesday". G1. 2021-06-02.
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  113. ^ @jairbolsonaro (3 July 2021). "- Nenhum genocídio será apontado. Nenhuma escalada autoritária ou "ato antidemocrático" será citado. Nenhuma ameaça à democracia será alertada. Nenhuma busca e apreensão será feita. Nenhum sigilo será quebrado. Lembrem-se: nunca foi por saúde ou democracia, sempre foi pelo poder!" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 4 July 2021 – via Twitter.
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  122. ^ "Protesters make-mode for impeachment of Bolsonaro on the Esplanade". Metropolis (in Portuguese). 2021-01-31.
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  154. ^ Jump up to: a b "Manifestantes vão às ruas de diversas capitais em defesa do presidente Jair Bolsonaro". Conexão Política. 1 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
  155. ^ "Feriado do Dia do Trabalho tem manifestações em cidades do RS". G1. 1 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
  156. ^ "Cidades no Sul de MG registram manifestações a favor do governo Bolsonaro neste 1º de maio". G1. 1 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
  157. ^ "Bolsonaro sobrevoa de helicóptero manifestação a seu favor no DF". R7. 1 May 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
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  161. ^ "Em Fortaleza, apoiadores de Jair Bolsonaro são detidos em manifestação". Gazeta do Povo. 1 May 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
  162. ^ @Biakicis (1 May 2021). "Em Fortaleza, manifestantes são presos pelo terrível crime de ... se manifestarem. Vergonha!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  163. ^ @carmelonetobr (1 May 2021). "Hoje passei o dia na luta, nas delegacias, com a nossa equipe jurídica lutando por cada patriota. Muito orgulho de cada voluntário, de cada cidadão que saiu às ruas. Se depender de mim, nenhum patriota ficará pra trás. Vocês são a minha energia. Contem sempre comigo!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  164. ^ "Vídeo: Belém tem manifestação pró-Bolsonaro no Dia do Trabalhador". Roma News. 1 May 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
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  173. ^ Jump up to: a b "Brasil tem dia de manifestações em apoio ao governo do presidente Jair Bolsonaro". Jovem Pan. 15 May 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  174. ^ "Avenida Paulista tem manifestação pró-Bolsonaro neste sábado". Jovem Pan. 15 May 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
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  182. ^ Raul Holderf Nascimento (8 June 2021). "Exército determina sigilo de 100 anos em processo administrativo de Pazuello". Conexão Política. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
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  185. ^ "Governo de SP multa Bolsonaro por não usar máscara em "motociata"". SBT News. 12 June 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  186. ^ "Confira fotos e vídeos da Motociata a favor de Jair Bolsonaro no Recife, neste domingo (20)". TV Jornal. 20 June 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
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  191. ^ Jump up to: a b Brehnno Galgane (3 July 2021). "Apoiadores de Bolsonaro fazem 'motociata' em Salvador". Terça Livre Tv. Terça Livre. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  192. ^ "Apoiadores de Bolsonaro fazem impressionante Motociata em Salvador". Sobral 24 horas. 3 July 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  193. ^ "Apoiadores fazem "motociata" em Salvador pró-Bolsonaro; VEJA VÍDEO". Terra Brasil Notícias. 2 July 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  194. ^ "Manifestação pró-armas reúne apoiadores de Bolsonaro em Brasília; veja imagens". Jovem Pan. 9 July 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  195. ^ Gabriela Almeida (11 July 2021). "Bolsonaristas realizam manifestação em Fortaleza a favor do voto impresso". O Povo. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  196. ^ Raul Holderf Nascimento (18 July 2021). "No Recife, ciclistas vão às ruas em defesa do voto impresso auditável". Conexão Política. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
  197. ^ "Bolsonaro participa de 'motociata' em Presidente Prudente, VEJA VÍDEO". Terra Brasil Notícias. 31 July 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  198. ^ Raul Holderf Nascimento (1 August 2021). "Em Brasília, manifestantes ocupam Esplanada dos Ministério e defendem 'voto impresso auditável'". Conexão Política. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  199. ^ "Apoiadores de Bolsonaro se reúnem a favor do voto impresso; confira". Jovem Pan. 1 August 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  200. ^ Jump up to: a b Laura Augusta (1 August 2021). "Manifestantes a favor do voto impresso ocupam a av. Paulista". R7. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  201. ^ "Admirável! Brasileiros se reúnem em peso na Avenida Paulista para defender o voto impresso auditável". DB Tv Web. 2 August 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  202. ^ "Manifestantes promovem carreata em Bauru a favor do voto impresso". G1. 1 August 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  203. ^ "Manifestantes fazem ato a favor de Bolsonaro e do voto impresso em São Carlos". G1. 1 August 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  204. ^ "Manifestantes fazem ato a favor do voto impresso em Rio Preto e Araçatuba". G1. 1 August 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  205. ^ "Manifestantes se reuniram na manhã de hoje para pedirem por voto impresso". Gazeta de Rio Preto. 1 August 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  206. ^ "Manifestantes fazem ato a favor de Bolsonaro e do voto impresso em Santos". G1. 1 August 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  207. ^ "Ato pelo voto impresso reúne 1,5 mil no centro de Campinas". Hora Campinas. 1 August 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  208. ^ "Manifestantes protestam a favor do voto impresso em Jundiaí". G1. 1 August 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  209. ^ "Ribeirão Preto tem protesto por voto impresso nas eleições". A Cidade ON. 1 August 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  210. ^ "Manifestantes fazem ato a favor de Bolsonaro e do voto impresso em Piracicaba". G1. 1 August 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  211. ^ Samuel Strazzer (1 August 2021). "São José e Pinda registram manifestações em prol do voto impresso". Meon. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  212. ^ @OperacoesRio (1 August 2021). "COPACABANA Manifestação ocupa área de lazer na Av. Atlântica e interdita a R. Miguel Lemos na altura da Av. N. Sra. de Copacabana. PM, CET-Rio e Guarda Municipal atuam no local. #zonasul" (Tweet). Retrieved 3 August 2021 – via Twitter.
  213. ^ "RJ: Apoiadores de Bolsonaro fazem ato pedindo voto impresso". Grupo Bandeirantes - Rádio Band News FM. 1 August 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  214. ^ Gabriel Gontijo (1 August 2021). "Manifestantes fazem ato pelo voto impresso na Praia de Icaraí". A Tribuna. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  215. ^ "Apoiadores de Bolsonaro fazem ato em Campos, RJ, em defesa do voto impresso". G1. 1 August 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  216. ^ Jump up to: a b "Apoiadores de Bolsonaro se reúnem em ato pelo voto impresso na Praça Portugal, em Fortaleza". G1. 1 August 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  217. ^ Jump up to: a b Diário de Quixadá [@diariodequixada] (August 2021). "Bolsonaristas em Quixadá participam de ato em defesa do voto impresso" – via Instagram.
  218. ^ Jump up to: a b No Cariri Tem [@nocariritem] (1 August 2021). "Carreata Pró Bolsonaro nesta tarde na praça Giradouro em Juazeiro do Norte -CE" – via Instagram.
  219. ^ Jump up to: a b Canindé News [@canindenews] (2 August 2021). "Canindé: militantes organizaram ato de apoio a Bolsonaro e em defesa do voto impresso nesse domingo (1º)" – via Instagram.
  220. ^ "Povo cearense lotam as ruas em ato a favor do voto impresso". DB Tv Web. 2 August 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  221. ^ @andreferm (1 August 2021). "- Fortaleza, 01/08/2021. - Um dia histórico para a democracia do Brasil. - Todos pelo voto impresso auditável!