2022 Hungarian parliamentary election

2022 Hungarian parliamentary election

← 2018 3 April 2022
← outgoing members
All 199 seats in the National Assembly 100 seats needed for a majority
Leader Viktor Orbán Péter Márki-Zay Party Fidesz Independent (MMM) Alliance Fidesz–KDNP United for Hungary[a] Leader since 17 May 2003 17 October 2021 Last election 133 seats, 49,27% Did not exist[b] Current seats 133 / 199 Fidesz 117, KDNP 16 52 / 199 [c] Seats needed 48
Map showing constituencies and seats contested at the election
Incumbent Prime Minister Viktor Orbán Fidesz

Parliamentary elections will be held in Hungary on 3 April 2022 to elect the National Assembly, coinciding with a referendum.^[1][2]

Background[]

Amendment of the electoral law[]

The electoral law, under which the previous two elections were held (2014, 2018) specified the number of constituency candidates a party needed to run nationwide at 27, in at least 9 counties.

On 15 December 2020, the National Assembly, in which the governing parties held the needed 2/3 majority, voted to increase the requirements to a total of 71 constituency candidates in at least 14 counties and the capital.^[3][4]

Creation of joint opposition list[]

In 2019 local elections, Democratic Coalition, Jobbik, LMP, MSZP, Momentum Movement, Dialogue and numerous other parties or independent candidates ran in joint lists. It enabled opposition parties to win the majority in the General Assembly of Budapest and in ten of the 23 cities with county rights.^[5]

On 14 August 2020, Democratic Coalition, Jobbik, LMP, MSZP, Momentum Movement, MLP,^[6] UK^[7] and Dialogue decided to field joint candidates in all of Hungary’s 106 constituencies and launch a joint program for the elections.^[8]

On 15 November 2020, Democratic Coalition, Jobbik, LMP, MSZP, Momentum Movement and Dialogue agreed on running with a common candidate for Prime Minister, to be selected in a primary election. They expect the candidate to be selected by 23 October 2021.^[9]

On 20 December 2020, Democratic Coalition, Jobbik, LMP, MSZP, Momentum Movement and Dialogue decided on running together on a common list (unnamed as of yet), solidifying their electoral alliance.^[10][11] The leaders of the respective parties have also signed a declaration containing the terms of their cooperation, titled "Korszakváltás Garanciái" ("Principles for Hungary's governance after 2022"). The opposition coalition was very ideologically diverse, something described by observers as a potential hindrance to presenting a united front to defeat Orbán.^[12]

Opposition primary[]

The Opposition primary was held in Hungary, between 18–28 September 2021 (first round) and 10–16 October 2021 (second round), to select the candidate for Prime Minister of Hungary supported by the opposition parties to form a coalition to compete in the 2022 Hungarian parliamentary election. It was the first countrywide primary election in the political history of Hungary.

On 17 October 2021, non-partisan candidate Péter Márki-Zay won in the runoff (second round) of the opposition primary, becoming the United Opposition candidate in the election for prime minister.^[13] The parties had also selected common candidates for single-member districts via the primary in the first round.

Electoral system[]

The 199 members of the National Assembly are to be elected by two methods; 106 are elected in single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting, with the remaining 93 elected from a single nationwide constituency mostly by proportional representation, via a partially compensatory system (a hybrid of parallel voting and the mixed single vote). The electoral threshold is set at 5%, although this is raised to 10% for coalitions of two parties and 15% for coalitions of three or more parties. Seats are to be allocated using the d'Hondt method.^[14]

Since 2014, each of the Armenian, Bulgarian, Croatian, German, Greek, Polish, Romani, Romanian, Rusyn, Serbian, Slovakian, Slovenian, and Ukrainian ethnic minorities can win one of the 93 party lists seats if they register as a specific lists and reach a lowered quota of ${\displaystyle {\frac {1}{4\times 93}}={\frac {1}{372}}\approx 0.27\%}$ of the total of party list votes.^[15]

Parties and coalitions[]

The following parties are represented in the National Assembly, or are commonly included in public opinion polling:

Opinion polls[]

  Fidesz–KDNP

  United for Hungary

  MKKP

  Mi Hazánk

  Fidesz–KDNP

  Jobbik

  MSZP

  Párbeszéd

  LMP

  DK

  Momentum

  MKKP

  Mi Hazánk

Notes[]

References[]

External links[]

• Valasztas