National Assembly (Hungary)

National Assembly

Országgyűlés
National Assembly ; Országgyűlés
Type
Type	Unicameral
Leadership
Speaker	László Kövér, Fidesz ; since 6 August 2010
First Officer	Márta Mátrai, Fidesz ; since 1 January 2013
Deputy Speakers	Gergely Gulyás, Fidesz; Sándor Lezsák, Fidesz; István Jakab, Fidesz; János Latorcai, KDNP; István Hiller, MSZP; Tamás Sneider, Jobbik
Leader of largest; political group	Máté Kocsis, Fidesz ; since 2018
Leader of 2nd largest; political group	Péter Jakab, Jobbik ; since 26 June 2019
Structure
Seats	199
Political groups	Government (133); Fidesz–KDNP (133) Fidesz (116); KDNP (17); ; Supported by (1) ; German minority (1); Opposition (65) MSZP–P group (18) MSZP (13); Dialogue (5); ; Jobbik (17); DK group (9) DK (8); MLP (1); ; LMP group (6) LMP (5); UK (1); ; Non-inscrits (16) MHM (2); PV (2); VP (1); ISZOMM (1); Reformers (1); Independents (8); ;
Elections
Voting system	Partially parallel, partially compensatory voting: 106 FPTP seats, 93 PR seats with 5% electoral threshold (D'Hondt method)
Last election	8 April 2018
Next election	2022 or before
Meeting place
	Hungarian Parliament Building; Lajos Kossuth Square 1; Budapest, H-1055; Hungary
Website
	National Assembly

Autumn session - 2015

The National Assembly (Hungarian: Országgyűlés; "Country Assembly") is the parliament of Hungary. The unicameral body consists of 199 (386 between 1990 and 2014) members elected to 4-year terms. Election of members is done using a hybrid system of parallel voting and compensation via transfer votes; involving single-member districts and one list vote; parties must win at least 5% of the popular vote in order to gain list seats assembly. The Assembly includes 25 standing committees to debate and report on introduced bills and to supervise the activities of the ministers. The Constitutional Court of Hungary has the right to challenge legislation on the grounds of constitutionality. The assembly has met in the Hungarian Parliament Building in Budapest since 1902.

The current members are the members of the National Assembly of Hungary (2018–2022).

History[]

The Diet of Hungary^[1] (Hungarian: Országgyűlés) was a legislative institution in the medieval kingdom of Hungary from the 1290s,^[2] and in its successor states, Royal Hungary and the Habsburg kingdom of Hungary throughout the Early Modern period. The name of the legislative body was originally "Parlamentum" during the Middle Ages, the "Diet" expression gained mostly in the Early Modern period.^[3] It convened at regular intervals with interruptions during the period of 1527 to 1918, and again until 1946.

The articles of the 1790 diet set out that the diet should meet at least once every 3 years, but, since the diet was called by the Habsburg monarchy, this promise was not kept on several occasions thereafter. As a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise, it was reconstituted in 1867.

The Latin term Natio Hungarica ("Hungarian nation") was used to designate the political elite which had participation in the diet, consisting of the nobility, the Catholic clergy, and a few enfranchised burghers,^[4]^[5] regardless of language or ethnicity.^[6] Natio Hungarica was a geographic, institutional and juridico-political category.^[7]

The democratic character of the Hungarian parliament was reestablished with the fall of the Iron Curtain and the end of the communist dictatorship in 1989. Today's parliament is still called the Országgyűlés, as in royal times, but is called the 'National Assembly' to distance itself from the historical royal diet.

Latest election[]

Turnout^[8]
7:00	9:00	11:00	13:00	15:00	17:00	18:30	Overall
2.24%	13.17%	29.93%	42.32%	53.64%	63.21%	68.13%	70.22%

8 April 2018 Hungarian parliamentary election results
Party (alliance)		Party lists			FPTP			Total

Party (alliance)		Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Seats	±
	Fidesz-KDNP	2,824,206	49.27	42	2,636,203	47.89	91	133
	Jobbik – Movement for a Better Hungary	1,092,669	19.06	25	1,276,842	23.20	1	26	3
	Hungarian Socialist Party – Dialogue for Hungary	682,602	11.91	12	622,458	11.22	8	20	10
	Politics Can Be Different	404,425	7.06	7	312,731	5.64	1	8	3
	Democratic Coalition	308,068	5.37	6	348,178	6.28	3	9	5
	Momentum Movement	175,225	3.06	0	75,035	1.35	0	0	New
	Hungarian Two-tailed Dog Party	99,410	1.73	0	39,763	0.72	0	0	New
	Together	37,561	0.66	0	58,591	1.06	1	1	2
	National Self-Government of Germans in Hungary	26,477	0.46	1				1	1
	Hungarian Workers' Party	15,640	0.27	0	13,613	0.25	0	0
	Family Party	10,640	0.19	0	9,839	0.18	0	0
	Hungarian Justice and Life Party	8,713	0.15	0	6,897	0.12	0	0
	Party for a Fit and Healthy Hungary	7,309	0.13	0	5,525	0.10	0	0
	National Self-Government of Gypsies	5,703	0.10	0				0
	Other parties (less than 0.1%)	33,173	0.58	0	43,256	0.78	0	0	1
	Independents				55,612	1.00	1	1	1

Total		5,731,821	100.00	93	5,504,543	100.00	106	199

Valid votes		5,731,821	98.97
Blank/invalid votes		59,611	1.03
Registered voters / Turnout		8,312,173	69.73
Source: National Election Office

2010–2014 Parliament[]

At the sixth parliamentary elections, four parties or party alliances passed the minimum threshold: the Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Union in alliance with the Christian Democratic People's Party (KDNP) (263 seats in common, 227 for Fidesz and 36 for KDNP). Fidesz-KDNP candidates won enough seats to achieve a two-thirds majority required to modify major laws and the country's constitution. The Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) won 59 seats, while its former coalition party Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ) failed to win any seats and became extra-parliamentary after 20 years. There were two newcomers to the Országgyűlés: Jobbik (47 seats) and Politics Can Be Different (LMP) (16 seats). 1 independent (former Fidesz member Oszkár Molnár) got into the Parliament, winning a constituency (Edelény) in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County.

The other prestigious party, the Hungarian Democratic Forum also lost all its seats.

The heads of the factions are:

Fidesz: Lajos Kósa
MSZP: Bertalan Tóth
Jobbik: Gábor Vona
KDNP: Péter Harrach
LMP: Erzsébet Schmuck

The new parliamentary session hold the inaugural session on 14 May 2010. The President of Fidesz and Prime Minister is Viktor Orbán. Pál Schmitt served as Speaker of the National Assembly until August 2010 when he became President of Hungary. He was replaced by László Kövér.

After the 2010 local elections, held on 3 October, Katalin Szili founded the Social Union and became its first chairperson. As a result, she quit the Hungarian Socialist Party and their parliamentarian group. Continuing the parliamentarian work as formally independent MP.^[9]

2006–2010 Parliament[]

At parliamentary elections in 2006, four parties or party alliances passed the minimum threshold: the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) (190 seats), the coalition party Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ) (20 seats), the Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Union in alliance with the Christian Democratic People's Party (KDNP) (164 seats in common, 141 for Fidesz and 23 for KDNP), and the Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF) (11 seats) and 1 independent (István Gyenesei) got into the Parliament, winning a constituency in Somogy county.

The heads of the factions were:

MSZP: Ildikó Lendvai (2006–2009), Attila Mesterházy (2009–2010)
Fidesz: Tibor Navracsics
KDNP: Zsolt Semjén
SZDSZ: Gábor Kuncze (2006–2007), Mátyás Eörsi (2007), János Kóka (2007–2010).
MDF: Károly Herényi (2006–2009). The faction of MDF broke up in 2009.

The head of the allied faction Fidesz-KDNP was Viktor Orbán. The head of the minority government (since 2008, when SZDSZ left the coalition) was Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány then Gordon Bajnai. The speaker of the Assembly was Katalin Szili (2006-2009) then Béla Katona (2009-2010) of the MSZP.

Speakers of the National Assembly of Hungary[]

Historical composition of the National Assembly since 1990[]

MSZP

SZDSZ

LMP

MLP

Egy.

DK

Par.

Fidesz

KDNP

MDF

FKGP

MIÉP

Jobbik

Germans

Others

Independent

1990–1994

33

93

21

164

44

1

9

1994–1998

209

69

20

22

38

26

1

1998–2002

134

24

148

17

48

14

1

2002–2006

178

20

164

24

2006–2010

190

20

1

141

23

11

2010–2014

59

16

227

36

1

47

2014–2018

29

4

3

1

5

117

16

23

2018–2022

15

5

9

1

8

117

16

1

26

The numbers come from the legislature's inaugural session. Later changes may occur:

Vacancies from party list MPs do not change the make-up of the Assembly, as they are replaced by another member of the party list. But a vacancy in a district seat triggers a by-election, which, historically, is often won by another party. See List of Hungarian by-elections.
New factions may appear
- in 1993, the nationalist-radicalist members of MDF quit the party and founded the MIÉP, which took part in the next three elections. It crossed the threshold only in 1998.
- in 2011, the DK faction led by former socialist prime minister Ferenc Gyurcsány, split from the MSZP and became a party of its own.
- in 2011 also, 8 MPs from LMP left the party to set up Dialogue for Hungary

Members (since 1990)[]

References[]

^ András Gergely, Gábor Máthé: The Hungarian state: thousand years in Europe (published in 2000)
^ Elemér Hantos: The Magna Carta Of The English And Of The Hungarian Constitution (1904)
^ Cecil Marcus Knatchbull-Hugessen Brabourne (4th Baron): The political evolution of the Hungarian nation: (Volume I. in 1908)
^ John M. Merriman, J. M. Winter, Europe 1789 to 1914: encyclopedia of the age of industry and empire, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006, p. 140, ISBN 978-0-684-31359-7
^ Tadayuki Hayashi, Hiroshi Fukuda, Regions in Central and Eastern Europe: past and present, Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University, 2007, p. 158, ISBN 978-4-938637-43-9
^ Katerina Zacharia, Hellenisms: culture, identity, and ethnicity from antiquity to modernity, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2008, p. 237 ISBN 978-0-7546-6525-0
^ "Transylvania - The Roots of Ethnic Conflict". Hungarianhistory.com. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
^ "Tájékoztató adatok a választáson megjelentek számáról és arányáról" (in Hungarian). National Election Office. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
^ Szili Katalin kilépett az MSZP-frakcióból

External links[]

(in English) Official website
(in Hungarian) Official website

Coordinates: 47°30′26″N 19°02′45″E / 47.50722°N 19.04583°E / 47.50722; 19.04583

[1] András Gergely, Gábor Máthé: The Hungarian state: thousand years in Europe (published in 2000)

[2] Elemér Hantos: The Magna Carta Of The English And Of The Hungarian Constitution (1904)

[3] Cecil Marcus Knatchbull-Hugessen Brabourne (4th Baron): The political evolution of the Hungarian nation: (Volume I. in 1908)

[4] John M. Merriman, J. M. Winter, Europe 1789 to 1914: encyclopedia of the age of industry and empire, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006, p. 140, ISBN 978-0-684-31359-7

[5] Tadayuki Hayashi, Hiroshi Fukuda, Regions in Central and Eastern Europe: past and present, Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University, 2007, p. 158, ISBN 978-4-938637-43-9

[6] Katerina Zacharia, Hellenisms: culture, identity, and ethnicity from antiquity to modernity, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2008, p. 237 ISBN 978-0-7546-6525-0

[7] "Transylvania - The Roots of Ethnic Conflict". Hungarianhistory.com. Retrieved 15 April 2018.

[TurnOut-8] "Tájékoztató adatok a választáson megjelentek számáról és arányáról" (in Hungarian). National Election Office. Retrieved 17 April 2018.

[9] Szili Katalin kilépett az MSZP-frakcióból

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

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