Hungarian diaspora

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hungarian diaspora in the world (includes people with Hungarian ancestry or citizenship).
  Hungary
  + 1,000,000
  + 100,000
  + 10,000
  + 1,000
Areas with ethnic Hungarian majorities in the neighboring countries of Hungary, according to László Sebők.[1]

Hungarian diaspora (Hungarian: magyar diaszpóra) is a term that encompasses the total ethnic Hungarian population located outside current-day Hungary.

There are two main groups of the diaspora. The first group includes those who are autochthonous to their homeland and live outside Hungary since the border changes of the post-World War I Treaty of Trianon of 1920.[2][note 1] The victorious forces redrew the borders of Hungary so that it runs through Hungarian majority areas. As a consequence, 3.3 million Hungarians found themselves outside the new borders. These Hungarians are usually not counted into the term "Hungarian diaspora"[3] but are regardless listed in this article. The other main group is the emigrants who left Hungary at various times (such as the Hungarian Revolution of 1956). There has been some emigration since Hungary joined the EU, especially to countries such as Germany,[4] but that has not been as drastic as for certain other Central European countries like Poland or Slovakia.

Distribution by country[]

Country Hungarian population Note Article
Neighbor countries of Hungary
 Romania 1,227,623 (2011)[5] (not including Csángós[6]) Autochthonous in Transylvania,[7] Csángó people in Moldavia, moved from Transylvania Hungarians in Romania
 Slovakia 458,467 (2011)[8] Autochthonous[9] Hungarians in Slovakia
 Serbia 253,899 (2011)[10] Autochthonous in Vojvodina Hungarians in Serbia
 Ukraine 156,600 (2001)[11] Autochthonous in Zakarpattia Oblast Hungarians in Ukraine
 Austria 90,000 (2013)[12][13] Autochthonous in Burgenland Hungarians in Austria
 Croatia 14,048 (2011)[14] Autochthonous in Croatia, except Istria and Dalmatia Hungarians of Croatia
 Slovenia 10,500 (2021)[15] Autochthonous in Prekmurje Hungarians in Slovenia
Other countries
 United States 1,563,081 (2006)[16] Immigrants Hungarian Americans
 Canada 348,085 (2016)[17] Immigrants Hungarian Canadians
 Israel 200,000 to 250,000 (2000s)[18] Most immigrants are Hungarian Jews
 United Kingdom 200,000 to 250,000 (2020)[19][20] Immigrants Hungarians in the United Kingdom
 France 200,000 to 250,000 (2021)[21][22] Immigrants Hungarians in France
 Germany 207,000 (2017)[23] Immigrants Hungarians in Germany
 Brazil 80,000 (2002)[24] Immigrants Hungarian Brazilians
 Russia 76,500 (2002) Immigrants Hungarians in Russia
 Australia 69,167 (2011)[25] Immigrants Hungarian Australians
 Chile 50,000 (2012)[26] Immigrants Hungarians in Chile
 Argentina 40,000 to 50,000 (2016)[27] Immigrants Hungarian Argentines
 Sweden 33,018 (2018)[28] Immigrants
  Switzerland 27,000 (2019)[29] Immigrants
 Netherlands 26,172 (2020)[30] Immigrants
 Czech Republic 20,000 (2013)[31] Immigrants; people of Hungarian descent forcibly relocated from the Slovak part of the Third Czechoslovak Republic
 Belgium 15,000 (2013)[32] Immigrants
 Italy 14,000 (2019)[33] Immigrants
 Spain 10,000 (2019)[34] Immigrants
 Ireland 9,000 (2019)[35] Immigrants
 Norway 8,316 (2015)[36] Immigrants
 New Zealand 7,000 (2013)[37] Immigrants Hungarian New Zealander
 Turkey 6,800 (2001) Immigrants Hungarians in Turkey
 Denmark 6,000 (2019)[38] Immigrants
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 4,000 (2021)[39] Immigrants
 South Africa 4,000 (2013)[40] Immigrants
 Venezuela 4,000 (2013)[41] Immigrants
 Mexico 3,500 (2006) Immigrants Hungarians in Mexico
 Finland 3,000 (2019)[42] Immigrants Hungarians in Finland
 Uruguay 3,000 (2013)[43] Immigrants
 Greece 2,387 (2018)[44] Immigrants
 Luxembourg 2,000 (2019)[45] Immigrants
 Poland 1,728 (2011)[46] Immigrants
 Jordan 1,000 (2019)[47] Immigrants
 Cyprus 620 (2018)[48] Immigrants
 Kazakhstan 500 (2021)[49][50] Immigrants
 Portugal 482 (2015)[51] Immigrants
 Montenegro 400 (2021)[52] Immigrants
 Latvia 300 (2021)[53] Immigrants
 Uzbekistan 300 (2021)[54] Immigrants
 Philippines 206 (2010)[55] Immigrants
 Iceland 200 (2015)[56] Immigrants
 North Macedonia 200 (2021)[57] Immigrants
 Estonia 173 (2018)[58] Immigrants
 Bulgaria 153 (2015)[59] Immigrants
 Vietnam 100 (2015)[60] Immigrants
 Liechtenstein 44 (2015)[61] Immigrants
 Lithuania 23 (2015)[62] Immigrants
Total 5.2 – 5.5 million Hungarians

Hungarian immigration patterns to Western Europe increased in the 1990s and especially since 2004, after Hungary's admission in the European Union. Thousands of Hungarians from Hungary sought available work through guest-worker contracts in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Finland, Sweden, Spain and Portugal.

Hungarian citizenship[]

A proposal supported by the DAHR to grant Hungarian citizenship to Hungarians living in Romania but without meeting Hungarian-law residency requirements was narrowly defeated at a 2004 referendum in Hungary.[63] The referendum was invalid because of not enough participants. After the failure of the 2004 referendum, the leaders of the Hungarian ethnic parties in the neighboring countries formed the HTMSZF organization in January 2005, as an instrument lobbying for preferential treatment in the granting of Hungarian citizenship.[64]

In 2010 some amendments were passed in Hungarian law facilitating an accelerated naturalization process for ethnic Hungarians living abroad; among other changes, the residency-in-Hungary requirement was waived.[65] Between 2011 and 2012, 200,000 applicants took advantage of the new, accelerated naturalization process;[66] there were another 100,000 applications pending in the summer of 2012.[67] As of February 2013, the Hungarian government has granted almost 400,000 citizenships to Hungarians ‘beyond the borders’.[68] In June 2013, Deputy Prime Minister Zsolt Semjén announced that he expects the number to reach about half a million by the end of the year.[69]

The new citizenship law, which took effect on 1 January 2011, did not grant however the right to vote, even in national elections, to Hungarian citizens unless they also reside in Hungary on a permanent basis.[70] A month later however, the Fidesz government announced that it intended to grant the right to vote to its new citizens.[71] In 2014, the Hungarian citizens from abroad are able to participate in the parliamentary elections without Hungarian residency, however they can not vote for a candidate running for the seat in the single-seat constituency but for a party list.

In May 2010, Slovakia announced it would strip Slovak citizenship from anyone applying for the Hungarian one.[72] Romania's President Traian Băsescu declared in October 2010 that "We have no objections to the adoption by the Hungarian government and parliament of a law making it easier to grant Hungarian citizenship to ethnic Hungarians living abroad."[73]

Famous people of Hungarian descent[]

Main category: People of Hungarian descent
Country Name Occupation Source
Austria Austria Ferenc Anisits Engineer
United States United States Albert-László Barabási Scientist scale-free networks
United States United States Drew Barrymore entertainer/actress [74]
Austria Austria Béla Barényi Inventor: Most patents in Europe +2500
Germany Germany Josef von Baky Film director
United States United States Béla Bartók Composer
United States United States Zoltán Bay Scientist
United States United States György von Békésy Scientist-Nobel Prize winner
United States United States Pal Benko Chessplayer - won the U.S. Open a record 8 times
United States United States Adrien Brody entertainer/actor: Youngest ever AA winner in his category [75]
United States United States György Buzsáki[76] Scientist-"Brain Prize" winner (1st time)
United States United States Mihály Csíkszentmihályi Scientist: Concept: Flow (psychology)
United States United States Larry Csonka American football fullback
United States United States Tony Curtis entertainer/actor [77]
France France György Cziffra Pianist
United States United States
Mexico Mexico		 Louis C.K. entertainer/comedian [78]
United States United States Rodney Dangerfield entertainer/comedian [79]
United States United States Frank Darabont Film-director/screenplaywriter (Shawshank Redemption: IMDb No. 1)
United States United States Ernst von Dohnanyi Composer/pianist/conductor
United States United States Bobby Fischer (Neményi) Chessplayer
Germany Germany Ferenc Fricsay Conductor
United Kingdom United Kingdom Stephen Fry entertainer/comedian [80]
United States United States Zsa Zsa Gabor entertainer/actress [81]
United States United States Andrew Grove business/entrepreneur
United States United States Peter Carl Goldmark scientist/inventor
United States United States Mickey Hargitay artist/bodybuilder
United States United States Harry Houdini Escapologist & Magician
United States United States Tim Howard Soccer goalkeeper
Sweden Sweden
Germany Germany		 George de Hevesy scientist/inventor [82]
United States United States John George Kemeny scientist/inventor [83]
United States United States Laszlo B. Kish Scientist
Austria Austria Ferenc Krausz Scientist
Belgium Belgium Alexandre Lamfalussy Economist
Germany Germany Phillipp Lenard Scientist-Nobel Prize winner
United States United States Bela Lugosi Actor-"Dracula"
Mexico Mexico Luis Mandoki Film director
United States United States Ilona Massey Actress
United States United States Paul Nemenyi scientist/mathematician [84]
United States United States John von Neumann mathematician Father of the Computer. [85][86]
United States United States Thomas Peterffy engineer/NASDAQ-founder
United States United States Joaquin Phoenix entertainer/actor [87]
United States United States Joseph Pulitzer journalist [88]
United Kingdom United Kingdom Árpád Pusztai Scientist - Leader on plant lecitins.
Slovakia Slovakia Ľudovít Rajter Conductor
Austria Austria Franz Schmidt Composer
United States United States Monica Seles Tennis player
United States United States Gene Simmons entertainer/musician [89]
United States United States Jerry Seinfeld entertainer/comedian [90]
France France Nicolas Sarkozy 23rd President of the French Republic [91]
Canada Canada Hans Selye Scientist
United States United States Charles Simonyi Scientist
United Kingdom United Kingdom [92] Scientist (1st "Brain" Prize)
United States United States Victor Szebehely Scientist
United States United States Albert Szent-Györgyi Scientist-Nobel Prize winner
United States United States Maria Telkes Scientist
United Kingdom United Kingdom Kálmán Tihanyi Scientist/Inventor Television
France France Victor Vasarely Artist-Founder of OP-art
United States United States Gabriel von Wayditch Composer: 14 Grand operas, the longest ever
Germany Germany Richárd Zsigmondy Scientist-Nobel Prize winner
Czech Republic Czech Republic Tomáš Ujfaluši Football player
United States United States Leó Szilárd scientist/inventor "Father of A-bomb" [93]
United States United States Edward Teller scientist/inventor "Father of H-bomb" [94]

Politics[]

Ever since the Hungarian diaspora can vote in elections in Hungary, they have supported the ruling Fidesz with major records, in the 2014 Hungarian parliamentary election Fidesz won over 95% of the vote,[95] in the 2018 Hungarian parliamentary election over 96% while in the 2019 European Parliament election in Hungary fidesz got 96%.[96]

Gallery[]

  • John von Neumann (1903–1957), American mathematician and physicist of Hungarian descent.

  • Mickey Hargitay was a Hungarian-American actor and Mr. Universe 1955.

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ During World War II, some areas were regained by Hungary, but lost with the 1947 Treaty of Paris

References[]

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