250s BC

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Millennium: 1st millennium BC
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
  • 259 BC
  • 258 BC
  • 257 BC
  • 256 BC
  • 255 BC
  • 254 BC
  • 253 BC
  • 252 BC
  • 251 BC
  • 250 BC
Categories:
  • Births
  • Deaths
  • Establishments

This article concerns the period 259 BC – 250 BC.

Events[]

259 BC

This section is transcluded from 259 BC. ( | )

By place[]

Seleucid Empire[]
Sicily[]
  • The Carthaginians under Hamilcar take advantage of their victory at Thermae in Sicily by counterattacking the Romans and seizing Enna. Hamilcar continues south to Camarina, in Syracusan territory, to try to convince the Syracusans to rejoin the Carthaginian side.
China[]
  • The State of Zhou cedes to the State of Qin the Han region of Yuanyong and six cities of Zhao in exchange for peace.[1]

258 BC[]

This section is transcluded from 258 BC. ( | )

By place[]

Roman Republic[]
  • The Romans are able to regain the initiative in Sicily against Carthage by retaking Enna and Camarina. In central Sicily, they take the town of Mytistraton, which they have attacked twice previously. The Romans also move in the north by marching across the northern coast toward Panormus, but are not able to take the city due to the city's heavily fortified walls.
  • Gaius Duilius Nepos, the Roman commander who has won a major naval victory over the Carthaginians is made censor with Lucius Cornelius Scipio. The election of a novus homo (i.e. the first in his family to serve in the Roman Senate or be elected as consul) to the censorship is a very rare honor.
Egypt[]
Greece[]
  • The forces of the Macedonian King Antigonus II and the Seleucid King Antiochus II win a naval victory at Cos against their common enemy, Ptolemy II. This victory secures Antigonus control over the Aegean Sea and the League of the Islanders. It also diminishes Ptolemaic naval power.
China[]
  • The State of Qin besieges Handan, the capital of the State of Zhou, but the Qin army under Wang Ling sustains heavy casualties. Wang Ling is then replaced by Wang He.[2]
  • The merchant Lu Buwei rescues the Qin prince Ying Yiren, a hostage at the Zhao court, from Handan. Ying Yiren will eventually become King Zhuangxiang of Qin.[3]
Vietnam[]

257 BC[]

This section is transcluded from 257 BC. ( | )

By place[]

Roman Republic[]
China[]
  • The Qin siege of Handan, the capital of the State of Zhao:
  • The State of Chu and the State of Wei send armies to assist Zhao against the Qin, and they defeat the Qin army of Wang He outside Handan. This forces Wang He to lift the siege.
  • The Qin general Bai Qi is executed for his refusal to take command of the siege.[4]
Vietnam[]

256 BC[]

This section is transcluded from 256 BC. ( | )

By place[]

Roman Republic[]
  • Rome aims for a quick end to hostilities in the First Punic War and decides to invade the Carthaginian colonies in Northern Africa to force the enemy to accept terms. A major fleet is built, including transports for the army and its equipment, and warships for their protection. Carthage under Hamilcar tries to intervene but a force under the Roman general and consul Marcus Atilius Regulus and his colleague Lucius Manlius Vulso Longus defeat the Carthaginian fleet in the Battle of Cape Ecnomus off the southern coast of Sicily.
  • Following the Battle of Cape Ecnomus, the Romans land an army near Carthage and begin ravaging the Carthaginian countryside. The Roman army soon forces the capitulation of Clupea, a town 40 miles (64 kilometres) east of Carthage. After setting up Roman defenses for the city, the two consuls receive instructions from Rome that Vulso is to set sail for Rome, taking most of the fleet with him. Regulus, on the other hand, is to stay with the infantry and cavalry to finish the war.
China[]
  • the Great Wall of China construction starts.
  • Luoyang falls without much resistance to the armies of the Qin, ending the reign of the emperor Zhou Nan Wang. Although a successor was appointed as Dong Zhou Hui Wang, traditionally in Chinese history this is considered the end of the Zhou Dynasty.
  • The Du Jiang Yan Irrigation System is constructed, ending flooding and irrigating thousands of square miles of land through an ingeniously designed system.

255 BC[]

This section is transcluded from 255 BC. ( | )

By place[]

Roman Republic[]
  • The Battle of Adis (or Adys) is fought near the city of that name, 40 miles (64 kilometres) southeast of Carthage, between Carthaginian forces and a Roman army led by Marcus Atilius Regulus. The Romans inflict a crushing defeat upon the Carthaginians, and the latter then sue for peace. The ensuing negotiations between the parties lead to Regulus demanding Carthage agree to an unconditional surrender, cede Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia to Rome, renounce the use of their navy, pay an indemnity, and sign a vassal-like treaty. These terms are so harsh that the people of Carthage resolve to keep fighting.
  • The Carthaginians, angered by Regulus' demands, hire Xanthippus, a Spartan mercenary, to reorganize the army. The revitalised Carthaginian army, led by Xanthippus, decisively defeat the Romans in the Battle of Tunis and capture their commander Marcus Atilius Regulus. A Roman fleet, sent to rescue Regulus and his troops, is wrecked in a storm off Sicily.
Egypt[]
Bactria[]
China[]

By topic[]

Astronomy[]

254 BC[]

This section is transcluded from 254 BC. ( | )

By place[]

Roman Republic[]

253 BC[]

This section is transcluded from 253 BC. ( | )

By place[]

Seleucid Empire[]
  • The second Syrian War between the Seleucids and the Ptolemies ends. Antiochus II regains much of Anatolia from Ptolemy II, including the cities of Miletus and Ephesus, and also the Phoenician coast.
  • The war is concluded with the marriage of Antiochus to Ptolemy II's daughter, Berenice Syra. Antiochus divorces his previous wife, Laodice, and transfers the succession to Berenice's children.
  • In recapturing the city of Miletus, Antiochus II overthrows the tyrant of the city. In response, the citizens worship him as a god in thanksgiving leading to the addition of Theos to Antiochus II's name.
Roman Republic[]
Greece[]
  • Alexander, Antigonus II's nephew and regent, leads a revolt in Corinth with Ptolemy II's help and declares himself an independent monarch. As a result, Antigonus loses Corinth and Chalcis, the two bases from which he has dominated southern Greece. As the Aetolians occupy Thermopylae, Antigonus II is cut off from Athens and the Peloponnese.
  • Macedonia's involvement in the second Syrian War ceases when Antigonus becomes preoccupied with the rebellion of Corinth and Chalcis, as well as an increase in enemy activity along Macedon's northern frontier.

252 BC[]

This section is transcluded from 252 BC. ( | )

By place[]

Greece[]
Vietnam[]
  • The Thuc Dynasty replaces the Hong Bang Dynasty in Au Lac (a kingdom in central Vietnam).

251 BC[]

This section is transcluded from 251 BC. ( | )

By place[]

Greece[]
  • Paseas, the tyrant of the Greek city-state of Sicyon, is assassinated by Nicocles, with the acquiescence of the Macedonian king Antigonus II. Nicocles reigns as tyrant of Sicyon for only four months, during which period he drives into exile eighty of the city's citizens. Then the citadel of Sicyon is surprised in the night by a party of Sicyonian exiles, headed by a young nobleman, Aratus. The palace of the tyrant is set on fire, but Nicocles escapes from the city through a subterranean passage.
  • Aratus recalls back to Sicyon those exiled by Nicocles. This leads to confusion and division within the city. Fearing that Antigonus II will exploit these divisions to attack the city, Aratus applies for the city to join the Achaean League, a league of a few small Achaean towns in the Peloponnese. Aratus then gains the financial support of the Egyptian king Ptolemy II to enable the Achaean League to defend itself against Macedonia.
Roman Republic[]
  • The Romans, led by Lucius Caecilius Metellus, attack the Carthaginian held port city of Panormus after taking Kephalodon. After fierce fighting in the Battle of Panormus, the Carthaginians, led by Hasdrubal (the Fair), are defeated and the city falls.
  • With Panormus captured, much of western inland Sicily falls with it. The cities of Ieta, Solous, Petra and Tyndaris agree to peace with the Romans in the same year. This defeat marks the end of significant Carthaginian land-based campaigning in Sicily.
China[]
  • The Zhao general Lian Po wins a decisive victory in battle over the State of Yan at Hao. He is promoted to Prime Minister following the death of Lord Pingyuan.[5]

250 BC[]

This section is transcluded from 250 BC. ( | )

By place[]

Egypt[]
  • Ptolemy II forced the Jewish residents of Alexandria to have their torah translated into Greek. Because around seventy translators are used to achieve this, the translation is known as the Septuagint.
  • Following the death of the King of Cyrene, Magas, Queen Apama II, Magas' widow, and Antigonus II arrange the marriage of Antigonus' half-brother Demetrius the Fair to Berenice of Cyrene, daughter of Magas and Apama. However, when Demetrius the Fair arrives, Apama becomes his lover. In response, Berenice leads an uprising in which Demetrius is killed in Apama's bedroom.
Roman Republic[]
  • In the Punic War, the Romans shift their attention to the southwest of Sicily. They send a naval expedition toward the Carthaginian city of Lilybaeum. En route, the Romans seize and burn the Carthaginian held cities of Selinous and Heraclea Minoa. The Romans then begin the siege of Lilybaeum.
  • According to tradition (Horace, Odes, iii. 5), after the defeat of the Carthaginians at the Battle of Panormus, the Carthaginians release Marcus Atilius Regulus from prison and he is sent to Rome on parole to negotiate a peace or an exchange of prisoners. However, on his arrival, he strongly urges the Roman Senate to refuse both proposals and continue fighting. After this he then honours his parole by returning to Carthage where he is executed by being placed in a spiked barrel, which is then let roll down a hill.
Persia[]
  • Andragoras, a Seleucid satrap of the province of Partahia (Parthia), tries to gain independence from the Seleucid Kingdom under Antiochus II.
India[]
China[]
  • Zichu becomes the king of Qin, with Lü Buwei his Prime Minister.
  • The Qin general Meng Ao captures the Han cities of Chenggao and Xingyang, thereby establishing the Sanchuan Commandery.[6]

Births[]

Transcluding articles: 259 BC, 258 BC, 257 BC, 256 BC, 255 BC, 254 BC, 253 BC, 252 BC, 251 BC, and 250 BC

259 BC

257 BC

256 BC

255 BC

  • Xu Fu, ancient Chinese alchemist

254 BC

253 BC

250 BC

Deaths[]

Transcluding articles: 259 BC, 258 BC, 257 BC, 256 BC, 255 BC, 254 BC, 253 BC, 252 BC, 251 BC, and 250 BC

257 BC

256 BC

254 BC

252 BC

251 BC

250 BC

References[]

  1. ^ Qian, Sima. Records of the Grand Historian, Section: Bai Qi.
  2. ^ Qian, Sima. Records of the Grand Historian, Section: Bai Qi.
  3. ^ Qian, Sima. Records of the Grand Historian, Section: Lu Buwei.
  4. ^ Qian, Sima. Records of the Grand Historian, Section: Bai Qi.
  5. ^ Qian, Sima. Records of the Grand Historian, Section: Lian Po.
  6. ^ Qian, Sima. Records of the Grand Historian, Section: Basic Annals of Qin.
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