570s

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Millennium: 1st millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
  • 570
  • 571
  • 572
  • 573
  • 574
  • 575
  • 576
  • 577
  • 578
  • 579
Categories:
  • Births
  • Deaths
  • Establishments
  • Disestablishments

The 570s decade ran from January 1, 570, to December 31, 579.

Events

570

This section is transcluded from AD 570. ( | )

By place[]

Europe[]
  • Battle of Gwen Ystrad: A British alliance is forged between the kingdoms of Strathclyde, Bryneich and Elmet (approximate date).
  • Spoleto becomes the capital of an independent duchy, under the Lombard chieftain Faroald (approximate date).
  • Leutfred becomes duke of Alemannia (modern Germany).
Persia[]
  • Ctesiphon, capital of the Sassanid Empire, becomes the largest city in the world, taking the lead from Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire.[1]
Arabia[]
  • Muhammad, Islamic prophet, is born in Mecca (today's Saudi Arabia). His father Abd Allah ibn Abd al Muttalib dies a few months before his birth, so he and his mother Aminah bint Wahb are protected by Muhammad's paternal grandfather, Abdul Muttalib who is recognized as the leading figure in his tribe the Quraysh.[2]
  • Abraha, Christian ruler of coastal Yemen, who was acting as a general for the Christian kingdom in Abyssinia, begins a military expedition in Arabia against the predominantly pagan Quraysh of Mecca,[3] known as the Year of the Elephant.

By topic[]

Religion[]
  • A limestone statue of Boddhisattva is created in Henan (approximate date).
  • The first mention is made of the Spear of Destiny (approximate date).
  • The Jews of Clermont-Ferrand are forced to convert to Christianity.
  • Year of the Elephant, according to Islamic tradition.

571

This section is transcluded from AD 571. ( | )

By place[]

Europe[]
  • The Visigoths under King Liuvigild invade the Byzantine province of Spania (modern Andalusia), and seize the city of Córdoba. After the death of his brother Liuva I, he becomes sole ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom (approximate date).
  • Benevento becomes the capital of an independent duchy, under the Lombard chieftain Zotto (approximate date).
Britain[]
  • Battle of Bedcanford: The Anglo-Saxons under King Cuthwulf fight against the Britons, and conquer the settlements of Aylesbury, Benson, Eynsham and Limbury (according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle).
  • Wuffa becomes the first king of East Anglia, as recorded in the Anglo-Saxon royal genealogies (approximate date).

By topic[]

Religion[]
  • The Monophysites again reject the Council of Chalcedon, causing another schism.

572

This section is transcluded from AD 572. ( | )

By place[]

Byzantine Empire[]
  • Byzantine–Sassanid War: Emperor Justin II refuses to pay the annual tribute to Khosrau I, putting an end to the 50-year peace treaty that was established ten years earlier. The Armenians are considered allies to the Byzantine Empire, and Justin sends a Byzantine army into Persian territory, besieging the fortress city of Nisibis (modern Turkey).[4]
Europe[]
  • June 28 – Alboin is murdered at Verona in his palace, at the instigation of his wife Rosamund (daughter of the Gepid king Cunimund), and her henchman, Helmechis (the king's squire); both flee to seek Byzantine protection in Ravenna.
  • Alboin is succeeded as king of the Lombards by Cleph, who is not related by blood.
  • Siege of Pavia: King Alboin captures Ticinum (Pavia); after a three-year siege the Byzantine garrison surrenders to the Lombards. The city is of strategic importance, lying at the rivers Po and Ticino, and becomes the capital of the Kingdom of the Lombards.
Britain[]
  • Theodric succeeds his brother Æthelric as king of Bernicia (southeastern Scotland). He rules until 579.
Asia[]
Mesoamerica[]
  • Calakmul defeats Tikal, bringing an end to the First Tikal-Calakmul War.
  • Sky Witness, ruler of Calakmul, dies.

573

This section is transcluded from AD 573. ( | )

By place[]

Byzantine Empire[]
  • Byzantine–Sassanid War: Persian forces under the command of King Khosrau I capture the Byzantine stronghold of Dara, after a six-month siege. Meanwhile, a smaller Persian army under Adarmahan advances from Babylon through the desert, crosses the Euphrates River and ravages Syria. The cities of Apamea and Antiochia are plundered.[5]
Europe[]
  • King Sigibert I goes to war against his half brother Chilperic I of Neustria at the urging of his wife, Brunhilda. He appeals to the Germans on the right bank of the Rhine for help, and they obligingly attack the environs of Paris and Chartres.
  • The Lombards again raid Southern Gaul, but are defeated by the Franks under Mummolus, patricius and son of the Gallo-Roman count of Auxerre, and are driven out.
  • King Cleph completes the Lombard conquest of Tuscany (Central Italy) and extends his dominion to the gates of Ravenna.
  • Sigibert I appoints Gregory to succeed his mother's cousin, Eufronius, as bishop of Tours (approximate date).
Britain[]

By topic[]

Religion[]
  • Pope John III is forced by the Lombards to retire from Rome, and takes up residence at the Catacombs along the Via Appia (approximate date).

574

This section is transcluded from AD 574. ( | )

By place[]

Byzantine Empire[]
  • December 7 – Emperor Justin II retires due to recurring seizures of insanity; he abdicates the throne in favour of his general Tiberius. Justin proclaims him Caesar and adopts him as his own son.[6]
  • Winter – Empress Sophia and Tiberius agree to a one year truce with the Persians, at the cost of 45,000 solidi. The truce applies only to the Mesopotamian front; in the Caucasus, war continues.[7]
Europe[]
Asia[]
  • The Persian Empire overthrows the Axumite- and Byzantine-affiliated regimes in Yemen (Arabian Peninsula).[9]
Unidentified[]
  • A major volcanic eruption occurs in the Antarctic.[10]

By topic[]

Religion[]
  • July 13 – Pope John III dies at Rome after a 13-year reign, until June of next year the Holy See becomes sede vacante.
  • Marius Aventicensis is made bishop of Aventicum (modern Avenches).

575

This section is transcluded from AD 575. ( | )

By place[]

Europe[]
  • The Franks under Sigibert I pursue his half brother Chilperic I, and conquer the cities Poitiers and Tournai. While he is proclaimed new king of Neustria by the nobles, Sigibert is assassinated at Vitry-en-Artois (Northern Gaul) by hirelings of Fredegund.
  • Childebert II succeeds his father Sigibert I as king of Austrasia. His mother Brunhilda becomes regent and seeks protection from Guntram, king of Burgundy. He adopts Childebert as his own son and heir. A group of Frankish aristocrats rule Austrasia.
  • The Visigoths under King Liuvigild invade the Suebian Kingdom (Northern Spain). Intermarriage between Goths and non-Goths is allowed in the Visigothic Kingdom (approximate date).
Britain[]
  • The Convention of Druim Cett: Irish kings discuss the relationship between them and King Áedán mac Gabráin of Dál Riata. The Irish colony (now western Scotland) is confirmed, and rights to tax and levy are agreed to between the rulers.
  • The Anglo-Saxon kingdom of East Anglia is divided into the English counties of Norfolk and Suffolk, and perhaps the eastern part of the Cambridgeshire Fens[11] (approximate date).
Asia Minor[]
  • Byzantine–Sassanid War: A Byzantine army under command of Maurice drives the Persians from Cappodocia (modern Turkey), and strengthens the Byzantine position in Caucasian Albania.
  • Alexander of Tralles, Greek physician, writes "Libri duodecim de re Medica" (approximate date).
Asia[]

By topic[]

Religion[]
  • Zhiyi, Chinese monk, travels to Mount Tiantai for intensive study and practice. He works with a group of disciples on the Indian meditation of śamatha and vipaśyanā.
  • June 2 – Pope Benedict I succeeds Pope John III as the 62nd pope.

576

This section is transcluded from AD 576. ( | )

By place[]

Byzantine Empire[]
  • Byzantine–Sassanid War: A Persian army under King Khosrau I breaks through the Caucasus into Anatolia (modern Turkey). They attack the cities of Theodosiopolis and Caesarea, but are thwarted. Khosrau is forced to retreat and sacks Sebasteia. On the way home, he is intercepted by a Byzantine force under Justinian (magister militum of the East), and severely defeated near Melitene. The royal baggage is captured, and many Persians drown, while escaping across the Euphrates.[12]
Europe[]
  • Baduarius, son-in-law of the Byzantine emperor Justin II, is sent to Italy to resist the Lombard conquest. He leads an aborted counter-assault against the Lombards and dies soon after.[13]
  • The Visigoths under King Liuvigild establish the capital of their kingdom in Toledo, located in central Spain (approximate date).
Asia[]

577

This section is transcluded from AD 577. ( | )

By place[]

Byzantine Empire[]
  • Byzantine–Sassanid War: A Byzantine expeditionary force under command of Justinian (magister militum) invades Caucasian Albania, launching raids across the Caspian Sea against the Persians.
  • Summer – Tiberius, Byzantine co-ruler (Caesar), establishes a naval base at Derbent on the Caspian Sea to construct a Byzantine fleet (approximate date).
  • Winter – Maurice is appointed commander-in-chief of the Byzantine army in the East. He succeeds Justinian, despite complete lack of military experience.
Europe[]
  • Battle of Deorham: The Anglo-Saxons under Ceawlin of Wessex invade the lower Severn Valley, and defeat the British Celts at Dyrham (South West England). After the battle the Saxons occupy the three cities: Cirencester, Gloucester and Bath, bringing their advance to the Bristol Channel (according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle).
  • Reccopolis (modern Zorita de los Canes) in Hispania is founded by King Liuvigild, in honour of his son Reccared.[15]
Asia[]
  • Winter – Northern Qi, one of the Northern Dynasties, is conquered by Northern Zhou under Emperor Wu Di. He orders the last ruler (Gao Wei) and other members of the Gao clan to commit suicide. Northern China, above the Yangtze River, is once again brought under the control of a single power.[16]

By topic[]

Religion[]
  • The Temple of Dendur, dedicated to the Egyptian gods Isis, Harpocrates (Horus) and Osiris, is converted for use as a Christian church (approximate date).
  • Eutychius is restored as patriarch of Constantinople, after an exile of 12 years at Amasia (modern Turkey).[17]
  • Muhammad, age 6, returns to his immediate family, but within a year his mother Aminah bint Wahb dies.
Science and Invention[]
  • A predecessor of the modern match, small sticks of pinewood impregnated with sulfur, are first used in China. Besieged by military forces of Northern Zhou and Chen, Northern Qi court ladies use the "lighting sticks" to start fires for cooking and heating.[18]

578

This section is transcluded from AD 578. ( | )

By place[]

Byzantine Empire[]
  • Byzantine–Sassanid War: A Byzantine army under command of Maurice (magister militum per Orientem) invades Upper Mesopotamia, and raids on both sides of the Tigris. He deports 70,000 captives from Hyrcania to Cyprus, and installs military colonists to guard the strategic locations.[19]
  • October 5 – Emperor Justin II dies after several periods of insanity. On the advice of his wife Sophia, he has raised his general Tiberius to the rank of co-emperor (Caesar). From December 574 he has ruled jointly with Sophia, and now succeeds them as emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
Asia[]
  • Summer – Emperor Wu Di engages in military campaigns on two fronts: against the invading Göktürks to the north and against the Chen Dynasty in the south.
  • Wu Di, age 35, dies from an illness, and is succeeded by his eldest son Xuan Di as emperor of Northern Zhou.
  • Kongō Gumi, the world's oldest construction company (578–2006), is founded in Osaka (Japan).

579

This section is transcluded from AD 579. ( | )

By place[]

Byzantine Empire[]
  • Byzantine-Sassanid War: King Khosrau I seeks peace, but dies before an agreement can be reached. The Mesopotamian front becomes stalemated, and Maurice (magister militum of the East) fortifies the borders in Armenia and Syria.
Europe[]
  • Hermenegild, son of Visigothic king Liuvigild, marries Ingund. He rebels against his father, starting in Seville (Southern Spain), and declares himself Catholic.
  • Heavy taxes levied by Merovingian king Chilperic I of Neustria produce a revolt at Limoges (central France), as he sells bishoprics to the highest bidder.
Britain[]
  • Frithuwald succeeds his brother Theodoric as king of Bernicia (Scotland). He rules from 579–585 (approximate date).
Persia[]
  • Khosrau I dies after a 48-year reign, during which he has extended his realm from the River Oxus to the Red Sea. He is succeeded by his son Hormizd IV, who becomes king of the Persian Empire.
  • Summer – Hormizd IV refuses to give up territories, and breaks off negotiations with the Byzantine Empire.[20] The Türks invade Khorasan and reach Hyrcania on the Caspian Sea.
Asia[]

By topic[]

Religion[]
  • July 30 – Pope Benedict I dies after a 4-year reign, and is succeeded by Pelagius II as the 63rd pope. During the Lombard siege of Rome, he labors to solve the problems of famine.
  • Pelagius II sends Gregory as his apocrisiarius (ambassador to the imperial court in Constantinople).[22] He is part of a Roman delegation to ask for military aid against the Lombards.
  • Leander, Catholic bishop of Seville, is exiled by Liuvigild and withdraws to Constantinople. At the Byzantine court he composes works against Arianism (approximate date).

Significant people[]

Births[]

Transcluding articles: 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578, and 579

570

571

  • Muhammad, prophet of Islam (d. 632)[23] – see also 570
  • Li Jing, general and chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 649)
  • Wang Gui, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 639)
  • Yang Jun, prince of the Sui Dynasty (d. 600)

572

  • Chen Shuda, Chinese statesman

573

  • Abu Bakr, Muslim Caliph (approximate date)
  • Chen Yin, crown prince of the Chen Dynasty
  • Dou Jiande, general of the Sui Dynasty (d. 621)
  • Jing Di, emperor of Northern Zhou (d. 581)
  • Lupus of Sens, French bishop (approximate date)

574

  • February 7 – Shōtoku, prince and regent of Japan (d. 622)
  • Xiao Yu, prince of the Liang Dynasty (d. 647)

575

  • Al-Khansa, Arabic poet (d. 645)
  • Heraclius, emperor of the Byzantine Empire (approximate date)
  • Wen Yanbo, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 637)

576

577

579

  • Fang Xuanling, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 648)

Deaths[]

Transcluding articles: 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578, and 579

570

571

572

573

574

575

576

  • May 28 – Saint Germain, bishop of Paris
  • Baduarius, Byzantine aristocrat (approximate date)

577

578

  • July 30 – Jacob Baradaeus, bishop of Edessa
  • October 5 – Justin II, Byzantine emperor
  • Abdul Muttalib, grandfather of Islamic prophet Muhammad
  • Wu Di, emperor of Northern Zhou (b. 543)
  • Wu Mingche, general of the Chen Dynasty (b. 512)
  • Wuffa, king of East Anglia (approximate date)
  • Yuwen Xian, prince of Northern Zhou (b. 544)
  • Approximate date -
    • Bhavyaviveka, Indian Madhyamaka scholar
    • Hatim al-Tai, Arabian poet
    • John Malalas, Byzantine chronicler (b. c.491)[26]

579

  • July 30 – Pope Benedict I
  • Khosrau I, king of the Persian Empire
  • Theodric, king of Bernicia (Scotland)

References[]

  1. ^ Geography at about.com
  2. ^ David Nicolle, Essential Histories: "The Great Islamic Conquests AD 632–750". The birth of Islam and the unifying of Arabia (2009), page 19.
  3. ^ Walter W Müller, "Outline of the History of Ancient Southern Arabia"in Werner Daum (education) Yemen: "3000 Years of Art and Civilization in Arabia Felix" (1987)
  4. ^ Frye Ancient Iran
  5. ^ Greatrex & Lieu 2002, pp. 146–149, 150
  6. ^ Tiberius II Constantine[permanent dead link].
  7. ^ Greatrex & Lieu 2002, p. 136.
  8. ^ Lombard (2008).
  9. ^ Esposito (2003). The Oxford Dictionary of Islam, ISBN 0-19-512558-4.
  10. ^ Connor, Steve (2014-07-07). "Our explosive past is written in the Antarctic ice". i. London. p. 17.
  11. ^ Beck, Frederick George Meeson (1911). "East Anglia" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 827.
  12. ^ Rome at War AD 293–696 (p. 60). Michael Whitby, 2002. ISBN 1-84176-359-4
  13. ^ Martindale, Jones & Morris 1992, p. 164
  14. ^ "List of Rulers of Korea". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  15. ^ GRIG, LUCY (2013-03-19). "Cities in the 'long' Late Antiquity, 2000–2012 – a survey essay". Urban History. 40 (3): 554–566. doi:10.1017/s0963926813000369. ISSN 0963-9268.
  16. ^ Imperial Chinese Armies (p. 23). C.J. Peers, 1995. ISBN 978-1-85532-514-2
  17. ^ Wikisource Sinclair, W. M. (1911). "Eutychius" . In Wace, Henry; Piercy, William C. (eds.). Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century (3rd ed.). London: John Murray.
  18. ^ Temple, Robert (1986). The Genius of China: 3,000 Years of Science, Discovery, and Invention. New York: Simon and Schuster, Inc. p. 98. ISBN 0-671-62028-2.
  19. ^ Romano-Byzantine Armies 4th—9th Centuries (p. 9). David Nicolle, 1992. ISBN 978-1-85532-224-0
  20. ^ Greatrex & Lieu 2002, pp. 160–162
  21. ^ "List of Rulers of Korea". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  22. ^ Ekonomou, 2007, p. 8
  23. ^ Meri, Josef W. (2005). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 525. ISBN 9781135456030.
  24. ^ Connolly, S. J., ed. (February 24, 2011). The Oxford companion to Irish history (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 5. ISBN 9780199691869.
  25. ^ Brock, Sebastian P. (2011). "Aḥudemmeh of Balad". In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts; George A. Kiraz; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.). Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition. Beth Mardutho. p. 13. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
  26. ^ "John Malalas | Byzantine chronicler". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 4 April 2019.

Bibliography[]

  • Greatrex, Geoffrey; Lieu, Samuel N. C. (2002). The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (Part II, 363–630 AD). London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-14687-9.
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