Adiantum (cipher)

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Adiantum
General
Designers	Paul Crowley and Eric Biggers at Google
First published	October 12, 2018; 3 years ago (2018-10-12)
Related to	HPolyC

Adiantum is a cipher construction for disk encryption, which uses the ChaCha and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) ciphers, and Poly1305 cryptographic message authentication code (MAC).^[1]

It was designed in 2018 by Paul Crowley and Eric Biggers at Google specifically for low-powered mobile devices running Android Go. It has been included in the Linux kernel since version 5.0.^[2] HPolyC is an earlier variant of Adiantum, which uses a different construction for the Poly1305 hash function.

Adiantum is implemented in Android 10 as an alternative cipher for device encryption, particularly on low-end devices lacking hardware-accelerated support for AES. The company stated that Adiantum ran five times faster than AES-256-XTS on ARM Cortex-A7 CPUs.^[3] Google had previously exempted devices from mandatory device encryption if their specifications affected system performance if enabled. Due to the introduction of Adiantum, device encryption becomes mandatory on all Android devices beginning on Android 10.^[4]^[5]

References[]

^ Adiantum: length-preserving encryption for entry-level processors - doi:10.13154/tosc.v2018.i4.39-61
^ "Adiantum: encryption for the low end". LWN.net. Eklektix, Inc. January 6, 2019. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
^ "Adiantum: length-preserving encryption for entry-level processors". 2018-12-13. Retrieved 2020-07-17.
^ "Google Improves Android Encryption with Adiantum". SecurityWeek. Retrieved 2019-09-05.
^ Porter, Jon (2019-02-11). "Google wants to bring encryption to all with Adiantum". The Verge. Retrieved 2019-09-05.

External links[]

adiantum on GitHub
Android Open Source Project: Enabling Adiantum

v t Block ciphers (security summary)
Common algorithms	AES Blowfish DES (internal mechanics, Triple DES) Serpent Twofish
Less common algorithms	ARIA Camellia CAST-128 GOST IDEA LEA RC2 RC5 RC6 SEED Skipjack TEA XTEA
Other algorithms	3-Way Akelarre Anubis BaseKing BassOmatic BATON BEAR and LION CAST-256 Chiasmus CIKS-1 CIPHERUNICORN-A CIPHERUNICORN-E CLEFIA CMEA Cobra COCONUT98 Crab Cryptomeria/C2 CRYPTON CS-Cipher DEAL DES-X DFC E2 FEAL FEA-M FROG G-DES Grand Cru Hasty Pudding cipher Hierocrypt ICE IDEA NXT Intel Cascade Cipher Iraqi Kalyna KASUMI KeeLoq KHAZAD Khufu and Khafre KN-Cipher Kuznyechik Ladder-DES LOKI (97, 89/91) Lucifer M6 M8 MacGuffin Madryga MAGENTA MARS Mercy MESH MISTY1 MMB MULTI2 MultiSwap New Data Seal NewDES Nimbus NOEKEON NUSH PRESENT Prince Q REDOC Red Pike S-1 SAFER SAVILLE SC2000 SHACAL SHARK Simon SM4 Speck Spectr-H64 Square SXAL/MBAL Threefish Treyfer UES xmx XXTEA Zodiac
Design	Feistel network Key schedule Lai–Massey scheme Product cipher S-box P-box SPN Confusion and diffusion Avalanche effect Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation)
Attack (cryptanalysis)	Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Linear (Piling-up lemma) Differential Impossible Truncated Higher-order Differential-linear Distinguishing (Known-key) Integral/Square Boomerang Mod n Related-key Slide Rotational Side-channel Timing Power-monitoring Electromagnetic Acoustic Differential-fault XSL Interpolation Partitioning Rubber-hose Black-bag Davies Rebound Weak key Tau Chi-square Time/memory/data tradeoff
Standardization	AES process CRYPTREC NESSIE
Utilization	Initialization vector Mode of operation Padding

v t Cryptography
History of cryptography Outline of cryptography Cryptographic protocol Authentication protocol Cryptographic primitive Cryptanalysis Cryptocurrency Cryptosystem Cryptographic nonce Cryptovirology Hash function Cryptographic hash function Key derivation function Digital signature Kleptography Key (cryptography) Key exchange Key generator Key schedule Key stretching Keygen Cryptojacking malware Ransomware Random number generation Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) Pseudorandom noise (PRN) Secure channel Insecure channel Subliminal channel Encryption Decryption End-to-end encryption Information-theoretic security Plaintext Codetext Ciphertext Shared secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network
Cryptographic hash function Block cipher Stream cipher Symmetric-key algorithm Public-key cryptography Quantum key distribution Quantum cryptography Post-quantum cryptography Message authentication code Random numbers Steganography
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