Alexander Schneider
Alexander Schneider | |
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![]() Alexander Schneider during a visit to Israel, 1961 | |
Born | Abram Sznejder October 21, 1908 |
Died | February 2, 1993 Manhattan, New York City, US | (aged 84)
Occupation | violinist, conductor, educator |
Spouse(s) |
Abraham Alexander Schneider (October 21, 1908 – February 2, 1993) was a violinist, conductor and educator. Born to a Lithuanian Jewish family in Vilnius, Lithuania, he later moved to the United States as a member of the Budapest String Quartet.
Biography[]
Alexander (Sasha) was born Abram Sznejder. At 13, he almost died of tetanus after cutting his knee in an accident. The tetanus distorted his joints and recovery was long and painful. Sasha left Vilnius in 1924 and joined his brother Mischa Schneider in Frankfurt after securing a scholarship to study violin with Adolf Rebner, the principal violin tutor at the Hoch Conservatory.
In 1927, Alexander became leader (concertmaster) of an orchestra in Saarbrücken. It was at this point that he changed his name. The conductor wanted him as leader, but wanted a German-sounding name. Abram took Schneider as a surname because his brother Mischa had already chosen it, and Alexander appealed to him as a first name. In 1929, he was appointed leader of the Norddeutscher Rundfunk Orchestra in Hamburg. In 1932, he lost this job as a result of the ongoing Nazi campaign against Jews, and soon had to leave Germany.[1]
Budapest String Quartet[]
At this time, the Budapest String Quartet, whose cellist was Sasha's brother Mischa, lost their first violinist. Although the quartet had not yet left Germany, they spent a lot of time out of the country, were self-employed, and the Nazis had not yet caught up with them. For Sasha to join them was an ideal arrangement all round. Their existing second violinist, Josef Roismann, switched to first and Sasha joined as second. This was because Roismann was already comfortable with the other players whereas Sasha would need time to learn their repertoire and style.[1]
In 1934, the Nazis made threats to the quartet and they left Berlin for Paris the next day, never to return to Germany again – even on tour. When war broke out in 1939, they happened to be on tour in the United States. They all obtained permission to stay and from then on made it their base.[1]
Independence[]
Later on, Schneider felt the need to develop himself as an independent musician, so he left the quartet in 1944, full of energy and ideas. He was offered a conductorship of the Metropolitan Opera, and leadership of the Pro Arte and Paganini Quartets but turned them down. He toured with Ralph Kirkpatrick and he formed the Albeneri Trio with and Erich Itor Kahn.[1]
In 1949, Schneider formed the to perform and record all eighty-three Haydn quartets. This was not completed because its sponsor, the Haydn Society, ran out of funds.[1] The same year he recorded Bach's complete Sonatas and Partitas for Unaccompanied Violin (BWV 1001-1006) for Mercury Records.[2]
He studied with Pablo Casals in Prades. There he persuaded Casals to participate in the 1950 Prades Festival to honor the two hundredth anniversary of Bach's death.[1] He supported Casals in further Bach festivals at Prades and Perpignan.[1] Later he would conduct Casals' oratorio The Manger (El Pessebre) in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, during the Festival Casals de México, recording it in 1973 in Puerto Rico.
Schneider was a very sociable man with a wide circle of friends. He worked hard to promote chamber music with free or subsidized concerts.[1]
Return to the Budapest String Quartet[]
In 1956, the Budapest String Quartet persuaded Schneider to rejoin them. They had tried two other second violinists (Ortenberg and Gorodetzky), neither of them able to reach Schneider's high standards, and Roismann had refused to continue with anyone else. Schneider had remained in close contact with the quartet and he stood in for Ortenberg or Gorodetzky when they were ill. Now it was agreed the quartet would operate part-time with Schneider and he would continue his independent career. They finally disbanded in 1967.[1]
Other work[]
Schneider was the artistic director of the Schneider Concerts at the New School in New York City, from 1957 until his death.[3] Under the auspices of the New School, Schneider and his manager, Frank Salomon, founded the , a year-end seminar-performance for young string musicians, in 1969.[4]
In addition to the Budapest String Quartet, he played with a number of other chamber groups, among them his own string group, and the .[5]
He continued to work as a conductor, notably accompanying pianist Arthur Rubinstein in Beethoven's Emperor Concerto with the Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra in Israel in 1975.
He received the Kennedy Center Honors in 1988.
He died in Manhattan, New York City, at the age of 84.[6]
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Brandt, Nat (1993). Con Brio: Four Russians Called the Budapest String Quartet. Oxford University Press.
- ^ Alexander "Sasha" Schneider website [1] Archived March 13, 2016, at the Wayback Machine;[2] Archived February 18, 2017, at the Wayback Machine (in French)
- ^ "New School history". Archived from the original on August 25, 2007. Retrieved November 28, 2007.
- ^ "A Yearly Flowering of the Young, Gifted and Unjaded". New York Times. December 27, 2004.
- ^ "Brief history of the Brandenberg Ensemble". Archived from the original on August 5, 2007. Retrieved November 29, 2007.
- ^ Kozinn, Allan (February 4, 1993). "Alexander Schneider, Violon Virtuoso, Dies at 84". The New York Times.
External links[]
Archives at | ||||
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How to use archival material |
- New York Times obituary, February 4, 1993
- Kennedy Center biography
- "Farewell to the Budapest". Time. January 10, 1969. (archived from the original December 14, 2008)
- Lithuanian classical violinists
- American classical violinists
- Male classical violinists
- American male violinists
- Jewish classical violinists
- Jewish American classical musicians
- Concertmasters
- Kennedy Center honorees
- American people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
- Emigrants from the Russian Empire to Germany
- Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
- Hoch Conservatory alumni
- Lithuanian Jews
- 1908 births
- 1993 deaths
- 20th-century classical violinists
- 20th-century American musicians
- 20th-century American male musicians