Alliance of Progressives

Alliance of Progressives

Alleanza dei Progressisti
Alliance of Progressives Alleanza dei Progressisti
Leader	Achille Occhetto
Founded	February 1994
Dissolved	March 1995
Succeeded by	The Olive Tree; Centre-left coalition
Political position	Centre-left to left-wing
	Politics of Italy; Political parties; Elections;

The Alliance of Progressives (Italian: Alleanza dei Progressisti), also known as simply the Progressives (Progressisti),^[5]^[3] was a left-wing^[3]^[4] to centre-left^[1]^[2] political and electoral alliance of political parties in Italy formed in 1994, with relevant predecessors at local level in 1993.^[1]^[2] The leader of the alliance was Achille Occhetto.^[6]

History[]

The Alliance suffered a huge defeat in the 1994 general election by the Pole of Freedoms/Pole of Good Government centre-right coalitions led by Silvio Berlusconi. For the 1995 regional election and 1996 general election the Alliance was succeeded by The Olive Tree coalition, which included the Italian People's Party (diminished by the split of the United Christian Democrats in 1995), Italian Renewal and Segni Pact, and excluding the Communist Refoundation Party,^[2] which was an external ally and presented its candidates under the "Progressives" banner in some single-seat constituencies.

Composition[]

The alliance was composed of:^[2]^[7]

	Ideology	Leader
Democratic Party of the Left (PDS)	Democratic socialism	Achille Occhetto
Social Christians^[a]	Christian left	Pierre Carniti
Communist Refoundation Party (PRC)	Communism	Fausto Bertinotti
Federation of the Greens (FdV)	Green politics	Carlo Ripa di Meana
Italian Socialist Party (PSI)	Social democracy	Ottaviano Del Turco
Socialist Rebirth^[b]	Social democracy	Giorgio Benvenuto
The Network (Rete)	Anti-corruption	Leoluca Orlando
Democratic Alliance (AD)	Social liberalism	Willer Bordon

^ Contested elections under the PDS electoral lists.
^ Contested elections under the PSI electoral lists.

Election results[]

Italian Parliament[]

Election year	Votes	%	Seats	+/−	Leader
Chamber of Deputies
1994	12,722,157 (2nd)	33.0	213 / 630	–	Achille Occhetto

Election year	Votes	%	Seats	+/−	Leader
Senate of the Republic
1994	11,058,770 (2nd)	33.4	123 / 315	–	Achille Occhetto

References[]

^ ^a ^b ^c Christina Holtz-Bacha; Gianpietro Mazzoleni (2004). The Politics of Representation: Election Campaigning and Proportional Representation. Peter Lang. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-8204-6148-9.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Stefan Köppl (2007). Das politische System Italiens: Eine Einführung. Springer-Verlag. p. 98. ISBN 978-3-531-14068-1.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ram Mudambi; Pietro Navarra; Giuseppe Sobbrio, eds. (2001). Rules, Choice and Strategy: The Political Economy of Italian Electoral Reform. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-78195-082-1.
^ ^a ^b Daniela Giannetti; Rose Mulé (2007). "The Democratici di Sinistra: In Search of a New Identity". In Anna Bosco; Leonardo Morlino (eds.). Party Change in Southern Europe. Routledge. p. 134. ISBN 978-1-136-76777-7.
^ Roberto D'Alimonte (2005). "Italy: A Case of Fragmented Bipolarism". In Michael Gallagher; Paul Mitchell (eds.). The Politics of Electoral Systems. OUP Oxford. p. 265. ISBN 978-0-19-153151-4.
^ Gino Moliterno, ed. (2002). Encyclopedia of Contemporary Italian Culture. Routledge. p. 852. ISBN 978-1-134-75877-7.
^ Sona Nadenichek Golder (2006). The Logic of Pre-electoral Coalition Formation. Ohio State University Press. p. 160. ISBN 978-0-8142-1029-1.

[fn1-8] Contested elections under the PDS electoral lists.

[fn2-9] Contested elections under the PSI electoral lists.

[Holtz-BachaMazzoleni2004-1] Christina Holtz-Bacha; Gianpietro Mazzoleni (2004). The Politics of Representation: Election Campaigning and Proportional Representation. Peter Lang. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-8204-6148-9.

[Köppl2007-2] Stefan Köppl (2007). Das politische System Italiens: Eine Einführung. Springer-Verlag. p. 98. ISBN 978-3-531-14068-1.

[MudambiNavarra2001-3] Ram Mudambi; Pietro Navarra; Giuseppe Sobbrio, eds. (2001). Rules, Choice and Strategy: The Political Economy of Italian Electoral Reform. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-78195-082-1.

[GiannettiMulé2007-4] Daniela Giannetti; Rose Mulé (2007). "The Democratici di Sinistra: In Search of a New Identity". In Anna Bosco; Leonardo Morlino (eds.). Party Change in Southern Europe. Routledge. p. 134. ISBN 978-1-136-76777-7.

[D'Alimonte2005-5] Roberto D'Alimonte (2005). "Italy: A Case of Fragmented Bipolarism". In Michael Gallagher; Paul Mitchell (eds.). The Politics of Electoral Systems. OUP Oxford. p. 265. ISBN 978-0-19-153151-4.

[Moliterno2002-6] Gino Moliterno, ed. (2002). Encyclopedia of Contemporary Italian Culture. Routledge. p. 852. ISBN 978-1-134-75877-7.

[Golder2006-7] Sona Nadenichek Golder (2006). The Logic of Pre-electoral Coalition Formation. Ohio State University Press. p. 160. ISBN 978-0-8142-1029-1.

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v t Italian Socialist Party
Secretary	(1892–1894) Filippo Turati (1895–1896) Enrico Ferri (1896) (1896–1898) (1898–1899) (1899–1900) (1900–1904) Enrico Ferri (1904–1906) Oddino Morgari (1906–1908) (1908–1912) Costantino Lazzari (1912–1918) (1918) Costantino Lazzari (1918–1919) (1919) Nicola Bombacci (1919–1920) (1920–1921) Giovanni Bacci (1921) (1921–1923) Tito Oro Nobili (1923–1925) (1925–1930) (1930–1932) Pietro Nenni (1933–1939) Giuseppe Saragat, Oddino Morgari and Angelo Tasca (1939–1942) Giuseppe Romita (1942–1943) Pietro Nenni (1943–1945) Sandro Pertini (1945) Rodolfo Morandi (1945–1946) Ivan Matteo Lombardo (1946–1947) Lelio Basso (1947–1948) Alberto Jacometti (1948–1949) Pietro Nenni (1949–1963) Francesco De Martino (1963–1968) Mario Tanassi (1966–1968) Mauro Ferri (1968–1969) Francesco De Martino (1969–1970) Giacomo Mancini (1970–1972) Francesco De Martino (1972–1976) Bettino Craxi (1976–1993) Giorgio Benvenuto (1993) Ottaviano Del Turco (1993–1994) Valdo Spini (1994)
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