Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum
Joint Force Command Brunssum | |
---|---|
![]() Coat of arms | |
Active | AFCENT: 1953-2000 RHQ AFNORTH: 2000-2004 JFC-Brunssum: 2004-present |
Allegiance | ![]() |
Part of | Allied Command Operations, Casteau, Belgium |
Headquarters | Brunssum, Netherlands |
Motto(s) | Many Nations: One Mission |
Website | jfcbs![]() |
Commanders | |
Commander | General Jörg Vollmer, German Army |
Deputy Commander | Lieutenant General Stuart Skeates, British Army |
Chief of Staff | Lieutenant General Hubert de Reviers de Mauny, French Army |
Command Sergeant Major | Chief warrant officer Lance Dunn, Canadian Army |
Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum (JFCBS) is a NATO command with its headquarters at Brunssum, the Netherlands. It was established in 2004 from previous commands as part of NATO's continuing command structure reductions in the face of a then-diminishing threat.
History[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Henri_IV_quarter%2C_Palace_of_Fontainebleau.jpg/220px-Henri_IV_quarter%2C_Palace_of_Fontainebleau.jpg)
(48°24′10″N 2°42′8″E / 48.40278°N 2.70222°E) in 1965. Prior to World War II these offices housed the Artillery School.
Originally the command was known as Headquarters, Allied Forces Central Europe (AFCENT) when it was activated in August 1953 in Fontainebleau, outside Paris, France.[1]
After General Dwight D. Eisenhower was appointed as Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) in 1950, he found that devising command arrangements in the Central Region, which contained the bulk of NATO’s forces, was to be complicated.[2] General Eisenhower considered naming an overall Commander-in-Chief (CINC) for the Central Region but soon realized it would be difficult to find an arrangement that would satisfy all three major powers with forces in the Centre - the United States, United Kingdom and France - because their views on the proper relationship of air and ground power differed significantly.
Drawing upon his Second World War experience, Eisenhower decided to retain overall control himself and did not appoint a CINC for the Central Region. Instead there would be three separate commanders-in-chief (for Allied Air Forces Central Europe, Allied Land Forces Central Europe and Flag Officer Central Europe (FLAGCENT)), all reporting directly to SACEUR. Vice Admiral Robert Jaujard of the French Navy was appointed as Flag Officer Central Europe, and served from 2 April 51 until 20 August 1953.[3] On 20 August 1953 General Ridgeway, Eisenhower's successor, established a single Commander-in-Chief (CINCENT) for the region with subordinate land, air and naval commanders (COMLANDCENT, COMAIRCENT, and COMNAVCENT respectively).[1]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Coat_of_arms_of_Headquarters%2C_Allied_Forces_Central_Europe.svg/130px-Coat_of_arms_of_Headquarters%2C_Allied_Forces_Central_Europe.svg.png)
One of the command's exercises in the 1950s was Operation Counter Punch. Counter Punch was a September 1957 AFCENT air-ground military exercise that also tested NATO's integrated air-defense system in its central European front. The exercise involved the national air-defense systems of Britain, France, Belgium and the Netherlands, with Général d'Armée Jean-Étienne Valluy, French Army, NATO's Commander-in-Chief Allied Forces Central Europe (CINCENT), in overall command.[5] Operation Counter Punch revealed deficiencies in the Integrated NATO Air Defense System as well as air force responsiveness to theoretical Soviet and Warsaw Pact ground advances.[6]
After July 1962 and the establishment of Commander Allied Forces Baltic Approaches (COMBALTAP), German naval forces were shifted into that command.[2] Thereafter there was no longer any need for the small headquarters of Allied Naval Forces Central Europe and its two subordinate commands, and they were disestablished in 1962, leaving naval liaison provided by a US naval officer.[1]
AFCENT remained in France under French command until 1967, when France removed itself from the military command structure. The headquarters was moved to Brunssum in 1967 and activated under German command.[1]
In 2000, the deactivation of Headquarters, Allied Forces Northern Europe (AFNORTH) in Kolsås, Norway led to the redesignation of AFCENT as Regional Headquarters, Allied Forces Northern Europe (RHQ AFNORTH). The headquarters operated as RHQ AFNORTH until 2004, when it was renamed Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum (JFC-B) to add flexibility to the military command structure by removing regional restrictions.[7]
Circa 2010, JFC Brussum appears to be responsible for Contingency Plan Eagle Guardian, NATO's Article 5 plan to defend Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia.[8]
Structure[]
The NATO Military Command Structure consists of two strategic commands and is directed by the International Military Staff:[9]
The commands under SACEUR - Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum, Allied Joint Force Command Naples and Joint Force Command Norfolk are Operational Level Commands, while Headquarters Allied Air Command, Headquarters Allied Maritime Command and Headquarters Allied Land Command are Tactical Level Commands.[10] SACEUR also has operational command of the Joint Support and Enabling Command.[11]
- Liaison: Provides advice and support to the NAC
Political strategic level: | |||||||||||||||||||
NA Council | |||||||||||||||||||
NATO SG Brussels, BE | IS Brussels, BE | ||||||||||||||||||
Military strategic level: | |||||||||||||||||||
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() CMC (NATO MC)
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![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() SACEUR (ACO, SHAPE) Mons, BE | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() SACT (ACT, HQ SACT) Norfolk, US | ||||||||||||||||||
Operational level: | |||||||||||||||||||
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JFC-NF Norfolk, Virginia, US | |||||||||||||||||||
Facilities[]
Hendrik van Nassau-Ouwerkerk Camp[]
Hendrik van Nassau-Ouwerkerk Camp is the headquarters and main base area of JFC Brunssum.[12] Other organizations located on Hendrik van Nassau-Ouwerkerk Camp are the NATO Communication and Information Systems Services Agency, Sector Brunssum (NCSA-B)[13] and the NATO Airborne Early Warning & Control Programme Management Agency (NAPMA).[14]
Hendrik van Nassau-Ouwerkerk Camp also boasts an all ranks club called Club 13, a small tax-free department store called the B&S Store, a film theatre, a swimming pool, tennis courts and a gymnasium. Additional services are provided by the AAFES on US Army Garrison Schinnen.
Static War Headquarters Castlegate[]
Static War Headquarters Castlegate is a NATO command and communications bunker located approximately 2 km north-east of the town of Linnich, Germany.[15] SWHQ Castlegate is operated in caretaker status by a German military contingent.[16]
Subordinate Commands in 1989[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/NATO_AFCENT_1989.png/480px-NATO_AFCENT_1989.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Corps_sectors_in_NATO%27s_Central_Region.jpg/220px-Corps_sectors_in_NATO%27s_Central_Region.jpg)
During the Cold War, AFCENT commanded the following units:
- Allied Command Europe, in Mons, Belgium
- Allied Forces Central Europe (AFCENT), in Brunssum, Netherlands
- Northern Army Group (NORTHAG), in JHQ Rheindahlen, West Germany
- I Dutch Corps
- I British Corps
- I Belgian Corps
- Central Army Group (CENTAG), in Heidelberg, West Germany
- Allied Air Forces Central Europe (AAFCE), in Ramstein Air Base, West Germany
- Second Allied Tactical Air Force (2 ATAF)
- Fourth Allied Tactical Air Force (4 ATAF)
- Northern Army Group (NORTHAG), in JHQ Rheindahlen, West Germany
- Allied Forces Central Europe (AFCENT), in Brunssum, Netherlands
The III Corps (US) was allocated as NORTHAG reserve. On activation, it would have deployed to Europe from bases in the United States. A forward element, 3rd Brigade, US 2nd Armored Division, was located at Garlstedt, Germany.[17] The U.S. III Corps also maintained a forward headquarters at Tapijn Kazerne, Maastricht, Netherlands.[18]
Commanders[]
The commander of JFC-B is known as Commander, Joint Force Command Brunssum. The position was formerly known as Commander-in-Chief North (CINCNORTH) and Commander-in-Chief Central (CINCCENT). JFC-B is normally commanded by a German General but now is commanded by an Italian four-star general for the great contribution of the Italian armed forces to NATO. The current commander is General Jörg Vollmer of the German Army.
No. | Portrait | Name | Title | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Country |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Alphonse Juin (1888–1967) | Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe | 20 August 1953 | September 1956 | 3 years | ![]() | |
2 | Jean Étienne Valluy (1899–1970) | Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe | October 1956 | May 1960 | 3 years, 7 months | ![]() | |
3 | Maurice Challe (1905–1979) | Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe | May 1960 | February 1961 | 9 months | ![]() | |
4 | (1902–1984) | Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe | March 1961 | December 1963 | 2 years, 10 months | ![]() | |
5 | [a] | Jean Albert Emile CrépinCommander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe | December 1963 | June 1966 | 2 years, 6 months | ![]() | |
6 | Johann Adolf Graf von Kielmansegg (1906–2006) | Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe | 15 March 1967 | 1 April 1968 | 1 year | ![]() | |
7 | (1912–2002) | Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe | 1 July 1968 | 30 September 1973 | 5 years, 2 months | ![]() | |
8 | (1914–1998) | Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe | 1 October 1973 | 30 September 1975 | 1 year, 11 months | ![]() | |
9 | (1916–2008) | Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe | 1 October 1975 | 7 January 1977 | 1 year, 3 months | ![]() | |
10 | Franz-Joseph Schulze (1918–2005) | Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe | 7 January 1977 | 30 September 1979 | 2 years, 8 months | ![]() | |
11 | Ferdinand von Senger und Etterlin (1923–1987) | Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe | 1 October 1979 | 28 September 1983 | 3 years, 11 months | ![]() | |
12 | (born 1927) | Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe | 28 September 1983 | 1 October 1987 | 4 years | ![]() | |
13 | (1933–2013) | Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe | 1 October 1987 | 27 September 1991 | 3 years, 11 months | ![]() | |
14 | (born 1933) | Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe | 27 September 1991 | 23 March 1994 | 2 years, 5 months | ![]() | |
15 | Helge Hansen (born 1936) | Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe | 1 April 1994 | March 1996 | 1 year, 11 months | ![]() | |
16 | Dieter Stöckmann (born 1941) | Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe | March 1996 | 30 March 1998 | 2 years | ![]() | |
17 | (born 1940) [b] | Commander in Chief Allied Forces North Europe | 30 March 1998 | March 2001 | 2 years, 11 months | ![]() | |
18 | Jack Deverell (born 1945) | Sir Commander in Chief Allied Forces North Europe | March 2001 | January 2004 | 2 years, 10 months | ![]() | |
19 | (born 1944) [c] | Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum | January 2004 | 26 January 2007 | 3 years | ![]() | |
20 | Egon Ramms (born 1948) | Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum | 26 January 2007 | 29 September 2010 | 3 years, 8 months | ![]() | |
21 | (born 1950) | Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum | 29 September 2010 | 14 December 2012 | 2 years, 2 months | ![]() | |
22 | Hans-Lothar Domröse (born 1952) | Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum | 14 December 2012 | 3 March 2016 | 3 years, 2 months | ![]() | |
23 | Salvatore Farina (born 1957) | Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum | 4 March 2016 | 16 February 2018 | 1 year, 11 months | ![]() | |
24 | Riccardo Marchiò (born 1955) | Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum | 16 February 2018 | 31 March 2019 | 3 years, 7 months | ![]() | |
25 | Erhard Bühler (born 1956) | Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum | 31 March 2019 | 22 April 2020 | 1 year | ![]() | |
26 | Jörg Vollmer (born 1957) [19] | Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum | 22 April 2020 | Incumbent | 1 year, 4 months | ![]() |
Notes[]
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Allied Forces Central Europe". Retrieved 21 June 2014.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Dr Gregory Pedlow, Evolution of NATO's Command Structure
- ^ North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Senior officials in the NATO military structure, from 1949 to 2001 (PDF)
- ^ "Allied Forces Central Europe (AFCENT), NATO - Coat of arms (crest) of the Allied Forces Central Europe (AFCENT), NATO". Heraldry-wiki.com. Retrieved 2019-10-19.
- ^ "Emergency Call". Time. 30 September 1957. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2008.
- ^ Trauschweizer, Igor (2006). Creating Deterrence for Limited War: The U.S. Army and the Defense of West Germany, 1953–1982 (PDF). College Park, Maryland: University of Maryland. p. 179. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
- ^ "What is JFC Brunssum?". NATO. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 21 June 2014.
- ^ Wikileaks/The Guardian, search Eagle Guardian
- ^ "Command Structure" (PDF). NATO. Retrieved 19 October 2019. and "Military Command Structure". shape.nato.int. Supreme Head Allied Powers Europe. 12 February 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
- ^ "MILITARY COMMAND STRUCTURE". shape.nato.int. NATO. 7 October 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
- ^ Boeke, Sergei (13 January 2020). "Creating a secure and functional rear area : NATO's new JSEC Headquarters". nato.int. NATO. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
JSEC is part of the NATO Force Structure and under the operational command of the Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR).
- ^ AFNORTH: About us Archived October 10, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ NATO Communication and Information Systems Services Agency Archived July 10, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "NAPMA | NATO AEW&C Programme Management Agency | Homepage". Napma.nato.int. Retrieved 2013-04-07.
- ^ "Militärstandorte um und in Aachen". Users.cuci.nl. Archived from the original on 2015-10-26. Retrieved 2013-04-07.
- ^ Joint Force Command Brunssum Team[dead link]
- ^ David Isby; Charles Kamps (1985). Armies of NATO's Central Front. Jane's Publishing Company. pp. 373, 455. ISBN 0-7106-0341-X.; U.S. Army Europe (22 May 1980). Strengthening NATO: Stationing of the 2nd Armored Division (Forward) in Northern Germany (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-27.
- ^ Simon Duke, U.S. Military Forces and Installations in Europe, SIPRI/Oxford University Press, 1989, p. 20 - 30 ish.
- ^ "Commander JFC-Brunssum".
External links[]
Coordinates: 50°56′18.41″N 5°58′43.46″E / 50.9384472°N 5.9787389°E
- Formations of the NATO Military Command Structure
- Military units and formations established in 2004
- Organisations based in Limburg (Netherlands)
- South Limburg (Netherlands)
- Brunssum