Archostemata
Archostemata | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Coleoptera |
Suborder: | Archostemata Kolbe, 1908 |
Families | |
Crowsoniellidae |
The Archostemata are the smallest suborder of beetles, consisting 45 living species in five families.[1] They are an ancient lineage with a number of primitive characteristics. They are similar in morphology to the first beetles, which appear in the fossil record about 250 million years ago. Antennae may be thread-shaped (filiform) or like a string of beads (moniliform). This suborder also contains the only beetles where both sexes are paedogenic, Micromalthus debilis.
These beetles are considered rare.[citation needed] Fossil deposits from the Permian suggest that the Archostemata were once much more common and dispersed over a wide portion of the globe, and the species that remain are scattered vestiges of their former population.
Taxonomy[]
There are five extant families and nine extinct families in the suborder Archostemata, divided between four superfamilies.[2][3]
- Superfamily Laporte, 1838
- Family Crowsoniellidae Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1983
- Family Cupedidae Laporte, 1838
- Subfamily Priacminae Crowson, 1962
- Subfamily †Mesocupedinae Ponomarenko, 1969
- Subfamily Cupedinae Laporte, 1838
- Family Micromalthidae Barber, 1913
- Family Ommatidae Sharp and Muir, 1912
- Subfamily †Brochocoleinae Hong, 1982
- Subfamily Tetraphalerinae Crowson, 1962
- Subfamily Ommatinae Sharp and Muir, 1912
- Tribe †Lithocupedini Ponomarenko, 1969
- Tribe †Notocupedini Ponomarenko, 1966
- Tribe Ommatini Sharp and Muir, 1912
- Family Jurodidae Ponomarenko, 1985
- Family † Ponomarenko, 1966
- Family †Magnocoleidae Hong, 1998
- Family † Zherikhin and Gratshev, 1994
- Subfamily †Kararhynchinae Zherikhin and Gratshev, 1994
- Tribe †Kararhynchini Zherikhin and Gratshev, 1994
- Tribe †Kenderlykanini Legalov, 2009 (= †Kenderlykaini Legalov, 2009)
- Subfamily †Obrieniinae Zherikhin and Gratshev, 1994
- Subfamily †Kararhynchinae Zherikhin and Gratshev, 1994
- Superfamily † Rohdendorf, 1961
- Family † Rohdendorf, 1961
- Family † Ponomarenko, 1969
- Superfamily † Rohdendorf, 1961
- Family † Rohdendorf, 1961
- Superfamily † Rohdendorf, 1961 (= Schizophoroidea Ponomarenko, 1968)
- Family † Bouchard and Bousquet, 2020 (= Schizophoridae Ponomarenko, 1968)
- Family † Rohdendorf, 1961
- Family † Ponomarenko, 1977 (= †Catiniidae Ponomarenko, 1968)[4]
See also[]
References[]
- ^ HÖRNSCHEMEYER, T. (2009), The species‐level phylogeny of archostematan beetles—where do Micromalthus debilis and Crowsoniella relicta belong?. Systematic Entomology, 34: 533-558. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00476.x
- ^ Patrice Bouchard; Yves Bousquet; Anthony E. Davies; Miguel A. Alonso-Zarazaga; John F. Lawrence; Chris H. C. Lyal; Alfred F. Newton; Chris A. M. Reid; Michael Schmitt; S. Adam Ślipiński; Andrew B. T. Smith (2011). "Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)". ZooKeys (88): 1–972. doi:10.3897/zookeys.88.807. PMC 3088472. PMID 21594053.
- ^ Bouchard, P.; Bousquet, Y. (2020). "Additions and corrections to "Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)"". ZooKeys. 922: 65–139. doi:10.3897/zookeys.922.46367.
- ^ Kirejtshuk, A. G.; Prokin, A. A. (2018). "The Position of the Palaeozoic Genus Tunguskagyrus Yan, Beutel et Lawrence in the Family Triaplidae sensu n. (Coleoptera, Archostemata: Schizophoroidea)". Entomological Review. 98: 872–882. doi:10.1134/S0013873818070084.
External links[]
Wikispecies has information related to Archostemata. |
- Archostemata
- Insect suborders
- Extant Permian first appearances
- Taxa named by Hermann Julius Kolbe