August 1922

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[[File:Michael Collins 12 August 1922.jpg|250px|thumb|left|August 22, 1922: Provisional Irish Free State chairman Michael Collins killed in an ambush during the Irish Civil War

August 4, 1922: All telephones in the United States cease for one minute of silence in honor of telephone inventor Alexander Graham Bell

The following events occurred in August 1922:

August 1, 1922 (Tuesday)[]

  • Britain published the Balfour Note, which declared that Britain would give up reparations claims as well as claims on other Allies to the extent that the United States would do the same with respect to Britain's debts. The Note was met with great anger by the Americans for their being made to appear as greedy and an obstacle to international recovery.[1][2]
  • Forty people were killed and 50 injured when two trains carrying pilgrims to Lourdes collided near Auch.[3]

August 2, 1922 (Wednesday)[]

  • A devastating typhoon came ashore at Swatow (now Shantou) in China, killing about 60,000 people.[4]
  • Pro-government forces in Ireland captured Tralee.[5]
  • Died:
    • Alexander Graham Bell, 75, Scottish-born American inventor of the telephone
    • Harry Boland, 35, Irish republican, was shot to death

August 3, 1922 (Thursday)[]

  • Two days of street fighting between Socialists and Fascists began in Milan, Italy. The building housing the Socialist newspaper Avanti! was destroyed.[4]
  • The U.S. Treasury said that the Balfour Note would have no effect on the American policy towards foreign debts.[6]
  • Born: Robert Sumner, evangelist and author, in Norwich, New York
  • Died:
    • Minna Cauer, 80, German educator, journalist and activist
    • Ture Malmgren, 71, Swedish journalist, book publisher and municipal politician

August 4, 1922 (Friday)[]

  • At 6:25 p.m. Eastern, the time of the burial of Alexander Graham Bell, all telephone service in the United States was suspended for one minute.[7][8]
  • Died:
    • Nikolai Nebogatov, 73, Russian admiral
    • Enver Pasha, 40, Ottoman military officer, was killed in battle

August 5, 1922 (Saturday)[]

  • The Battle of Kilmallock ended in an Irish Free State victory.
  • A train collision in Sulphur Springs, Missouri killed 34 people and injured 186, the worst train disaster in Missouri history.[9]
  • Albert Einstein left Germany due to threats on his life by the same group of extremists that assassinated Walther Rathenau.[10]
  • The drama film Blood and Sand starring Rudolph Valentino and Lila Lee premiered in Los Angeles.[11]
  • Born: Sandy Kenyon, voice actor and character actor, in New York City (d. 2010)
  • Died: Tommy McCarthy, 59, American baseball player

August 6, 1922 (Sunday)[]

  • Martial law was announced in Genoa, Milan, Parma, Ancona and Livorno to curb Fascist violence.[12]

August 7, 1922 (Monday)[]

August 8, 1922 (Tuesday)[]

  • Benito Mussolini ordered his Blackshirts to demobilize.[16]
  • The British cruiser HMS Raleigh ran aground at L'Anse Amour, Labrador.[17]
  • Shogakukan, a magazine and comic book publisher in Japan, was founded in Tokyo.[citation needed]
  • Born: Alberto Granado, writer and scientist, in Hernando, Córdoba, Argentina (d. 2011)

August 9, 1922 (Wednesday)[]

  • Fourteen people were condemned to death in Soviet Russia for conspiring against the government. The judgments, however, were not enforced and those sentenced were not executed.[18][19]
  • Born: Philip Larkin, poet and novelist, in Coventry, England (d. 1985)

August 10, 1922 (Thursday)[]

  • Irish Free State forces captured Cork.[4]

August 11, 1922 (Friday)[]

  • During a debate in the Italian Chamber of Deputies, a Communist deputy said that the recent general strike had failed because the proletariat had been insufficiently armed. Fascist deputies rose and began shaking their fists, and Francesco Giunta pulled out a revolver. The session was abruptly suspended and the galleries ordered cleared, although the chaotic scene of shouting and gesticulating continued for another half-hour.[20]
  • Ground was broken on the construction of Soldier Field in Chicago.[21]
  • Died: Umberto Valenti, 30, Sicilian-born American gangster

August 12, 1922 (Saturday)[]

Griffith a month before his death
  • Britain proposed a two-thirds cut in Germany's reparations payments at the London conference.[22]
  • Died: Arthur Griffith, 50, Irish politician and writer, majority party leader in the provisional Irish Republic's parliament, the Dáil Éireann, died of a cerebral hemorrhage.

August 13, 1922 (Sunday)[]

  • The Harding Administration's attempt to mediate the six-week old railroad strike ended in failure.[23]

August 14, 1922 (Monday)[]

  • The London reparations conference broke off without an agreement.[15]
  • IRA insurgents captured Dundalk.[5]
  • Died: Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, 57, British newspaper and publishing magnate

August 15, 1922 (Tuesday)[]

  • Germany defaulted on its reparations payment, declaring in a note that due to demand for foreign currency to pay for necessities of life and hyperinflation, it could not afford to pay.[24]
  • The Hotel Glória opened in Rio de Janeiro.
  • Born: Lukas Foss, composer, pianist and conductor, in Berlin, Germany (d. 2009)

August 16, 1922 (Wednesday)[]

August 17, 1922 (Thursday)[]

  • Forest fires ravaged northeastern Minnesota, leaving six known dead and hundreds homeless.[26]
  • U.S. federal agents began a crackdown on hip flasks.[10]
  • Born: Agostinho Neto, 1st President of Angola, in Icolo e Bengo, Bengo Province, Portuguese Angola (d. 1979)

August 18, 1922 (Friday)[]

  • President Harding addressed Congress on the industrial crisis in the country caused by the railway and coal strikes. He urged the implementation of his recommendations to confront them, which included the creation of an independent federal commission to investigate conditions in the coal industry as well a national coal agency (the Federal Coal Commission) aimed at the prevention of profiteering.[27]
  • Jim Bottomley made his major league debut for the St. Louis Cardinals against the Philadelphia Phillies, going 1-for-4 with two sacrifices.[28]

August 19, 1922 (Saturday)[]

August 20, 1922 (Sunday)[]

  • The first Women's World Games were held in Paris.[30]
  • Russian and Italian Labor Strikers derailed an Express train in Gary, Indiana killing the Engineer and Fireman and injuring 2 express messengers.

August 21, 1922 (Monday)[]

  • French Prime Minister Raymond Poincaré said that France would not consent to a moratorium on German reparations unless the country's mines and national forests were placed in Allied hands as a guarantee.[31]
  • George Bernard Shaw told the Chicago Tribune, "Everyone in Ireland is tired of the present political situation. I don't know what Éamon de Valera and Erskine Childers are after. When popular opinion turned against them they should have accepted the popular verdict and then tried to convert the Irish people to their views."[32]
  • Born: Mel Fisher, treasure hunter, in Indiana (d. 1998)

August 22, 1922 (Tuesday)[]

  • Michael Collins, Commander-in-Chief of Ireland's National Army, was shot dead in an ambush at Béal na Bláth.[5]
  • U.S. authorities raided the Bridgman Convention in Michigan.
  • WKAV in Laconia, New Hampshire went on the air, the first commercial radio state in that state and the first north of Boston.[33][34]
  • Died: Thomas Brock, 75, English sculptor

August 23, 1922 (Wednesday)[]

August 24, 1922 (Thursday)[]

  • The Ku Klux Klan raided a gathering outside the town of Mer Rouge, Louisiana, kidnapped five white men who were vocal opponents of the Klan and murdered two of them, though the bodies would not be found until December. This led to one of the most famous criminal cases involving the KKK.[36]
  • The German mark began to crash again, falling to 8,000 against 1 British pound or 2,000 to the American dollar.[10][37]
  • The body of Michael Collins was brought to Dublin and borne on a gun carriage through the streets as large throngs of mourners watched in silence.[38]
  • Born:
    • René Lévesque, French Canadian politician and premier of Quebec who lobbied for the province's independence from Canada; in Campbellton, New Brunswick (d. 1987)
    • Howard Zinn, social activist and historian, in Brooklyn, New York (d. 2010)

August 25, 1922 (Friday)[]

Cosgrave

August 26, 1922 (Saturday)[]

August 27, 1922 (Sunday)[]

  • Forty-seven miners working in the Argonaut Mine in Jackson, California, were trapped when a fire broke out underground, and ultimately perished.[42]
  • A non-binding referendum on prohibition of alcohol was held in Sweden; 51% voted against the change.[43]
  • Three striking workers were killed in clashes with police in the French city of Le Havre.[43]
  • Born: Sōsuke Uno, who briefly served as the 75th Prime Minister of Japan from June to August of 1989; in Moriyama, Shiga (d. 1998)
  • Died: Francis S. Peabody, 63, American coal baron and founder of Peabody Coal Company, the largest private coal company in the world.

August 28, 1922 (Monday)[]

  • Michael Collins was given a military funeral and buried in Glasnevin Cemetery.[44]
  • The Queensboro Corporation paid $50 for 10 minutes of airtime on the New York radio station WEAF and used it to advocate suburban living and promote apartments in Jackson Heights. In effect, it was the first infomercial.[45][46]

August 29, 1922 (Tuesday)[]

  • The sinking of the Chilean steamship Itata killed 309 of the 331 people on board. The ship was reportedly overloaded before it went down in a gale off of the Chilean coast. Only 12 people were rescued.[47][48]
  • Born: John Edward Williams, author, editor and professor, in Clarksville, Texas (d. 1994)
  • Died: Georges Sorel, 74, French philosopher

August 30, 1922 (Wednesday)[]

  • Wisconsin Governor John J. Blaine urged President Harding to ask authority of Congress to take over and operate the coal mines and coal mining railroads to avoid the potential "fatal consequences that are sure to come to the people of this state unless they get coal now."[49]

August 31, 1922 (Thursday)[]

  • The Allied Reparations Commission unanimously decided to grant Germany a six-month moratorium on reparations payments.[50]
  • Al Capone was arrested in Chicago after he hit a taxicab driving drunk, then pulled out a gun and threatened to shoot one of the witnesses.[51]

References[]

  1. ^ Wales, Henry (August 2, 1922). "Britain Paints U.S. as World Simon Legree". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 5.
  2. ^ Feldman, Gerald D. (2014). The Great Disorder: Politics, Economics, and Society in the German Inflation 1914–1924. Oxford University Press. p. 456. ISBN 978-0-19-977228-5.
  3. ^ "Fatal Collisions". The Register. Adelaide: 8. August 3, 1922.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c "1922". Music And History. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "August 1922". Dublin City University. Archived from the original on June 12, 2011. Retrieved June 12, 2011.
  6. ^ "Balfour Note Has Not Changed U.S. Stand on Debts". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 3, 1922. p. 1.
  7. ^ Pasachoff, Naomi (1996). Alexander Graham Bell: Making Connections. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 130. ISBN 978-0-19-509908-9.
  8. ^ Sherwood, Dane; Wood, Sandy; Kovalchik, Kara (2006). The Pocket Idiot's Guide to Not So Useless Facts. Alpha Books. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-59257-567-1.
  9. ^ Jenkins, Kevin R. (July 30, 2012). "Remembering Missouri's worst train wreck". Daily Journal Online. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Mercer, Derrik (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 297. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
  11. ^ "Tageseinträge für 5. August 1922". chroniknet. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  12. ^ "Martial Law in Italy to Curb Fascisti". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 7, 1922. p. 1.
  13. ^ Jackson, Kenneth T. (1992). The Ku Klux Klan in the City, 1915–1930. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, Inc. p. 188. ISBN 978-1-4617-3005-7.
  14. ^ Wales, Henry (August 8, 1922). "Needy France Acts Alone, if Allies Falter". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b "Tageseinträge für 7. August 1922". chroniknet. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  16. ^ De Santo, V. (August 9, 1922). "Fascisti Halt Drive on Reds at Rome's Call". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  17. ^ "British Warship Wrecked On Labrador Reef; Admiral And Crew Are Taken Off". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 9, 1922. p. 1.
  18. ^ "Death Ordered for 14 Plotters Against Soviet". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 10, 1922. p. 10.
  19. ^ "Tageseinträge für 9. August 1922". chroniknet. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  20. ^ "Revolver is Drawn in Italy's Chamber; Deputy Disarmed". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 12, 1922. p. 2.
  21. ^ "Soldier Field". Chicago Architecture Info. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  22. ^ "Britain Proposes Two-Thirds Cut in German Debt". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 13, 1922. p. 1.
  23. ^ Wilcox, Grafton (August 14, 1922). "Harding Rail Parley Fails". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  24. ^ "Berlin Makes New Default in War Debts". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 16, 1922. p. 1.
  25. ^ "1,100 Mile "Hop" in 11 Hours from Texas to Coast". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 17, 1922. p. 1.
  26. ^ "Towns Razed by Minnesota Fires". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 18, 1922. p. 1.
  27. ^ "Congress Takes Up Strikes". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 19, 1922. p. 1.
  28. ^ "Jim Bottomley 1922 Batting Gamelogs". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  29. ^ "Three Billion Tariff Bill Passes Senate, 48 to 25, Amid Scenes of Levity". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 20, 1922. p. 1.
  30. ^ "Tageseinträge für 20. August 1922". chroniknet. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  31. ^ "No German Moratorium Without Mines and Forests As Guarantee – Poincaré". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 21, 1922. p. 1.
  32. ^ Curran, Hugh (August 22, 1922). "Irish Tired of Rebel Brigands – Bernard Shaw". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 12.
  33. ^ "AM Broadcasting History – Various Articles". Jeff Miller Web Pages. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  34. ^ Amsden, Roger. "LWHS Archives". Lake Winnipesaukee Museum. Archived from the original on December 19, 2015. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  35. ^ "Four Killed as Italian War Planes Collide". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 23, 1922. p. 1.
  36. ^ Alexander, Charles C. (1965). The Ku Klux Klan in the Southwest. University of Kentucky Press. pp. 68–70.
  37. ^ Swift, Otis (August 25, 1922). "Riot in Berlin as Mark Hits 2,000 to $1". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  38. ^ "Body of Collins Reaches Dublin; City in Mourning". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 24, 1922. p. 1.
  39. ^ "Runs Scored Teams Records". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  40. ^ Gnerre, Sam (March 15, 2014). "The 1922 Ku Klux Klan Inglewood raid". Daily Breeze. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  41. ^ "All Ford Plants Close on September 16". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 27, 1922. p. 1.
  42. ^ Rasmussen, Cecilia (January 15, 2006). "1922 Gold Mine Disaster Was State's Deadliest". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  43. ^ Jump up to: a b "Tageseinträge für 27. August 1922". chroniknet. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  44. ^ "Michael Collins Borne to Grave; Ireland Mourns". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 28, 1922. p. 1.
  45. ^ Barnouw, Erik (2009). The Sponsor: Notes on a Modern Potentate. Transaction Publishers. pp. 15–16. ISBN 978-1-4128-3913-6.
  46. ^ Lindsay, David (2005). Madness in the Making: The Triumphant Rise & Untimely Fall of America's Show Inventors. Lincoln, Nebraska: iUniverse. p. 339. ISBN 978-0-595-34766-7.
  47. ^ "316 Lives Lost". The Cairns Post. Far North Queensland. August 31, 1922. p. 5.
  48. ^ "Itata's Death Toll is Now Put at 309". Brooklyn Daily Eagle: 3. August 30, 1922.
  49. ^ "Harding Urged to Take Mines and Railroads". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 31, 1922. p. 5.
  50. ^ Wales, Henry (September 1, 1922). "Powers Give Germany Six Months' Time". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  51. ^ "Caponi Waves Gun After Crash; Faces 3 Charges". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 31, 1922. p. 3.
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