Avgustyn Voloshyn
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Avgustyn Ivanovych Voloshyn | |
---|---|
President of Carpatho-Ukraine | |
In office March 15, 1939 – March 18, 1939 | |
Preceded by | post created |
Succeeded by | post dissolved |
Personal details | |
Born | Kelecsény, Kingdom of Hungary (today Келечин, Ukraine) | March 17, 1874
Died | 19 July, 1945 (aged 70–71) Butyrka prison in Moscow, Soviet Union |
Resting place | Olšany Cemetery, Prague |
Nationality | Ukrainian |
Political party | Ukrainian National Alliance (UNO, 1939)[1] |
Awards |
Rev. Avgustyn Ivanovych Voloshyn (Ukrainian: о.Авґустин Волошин, Августин Волошин, Czech: Augustin Vološin, 17 March 1874 – 19 July 1945) was a Carpatho-Ukrainian politician, teacher, essayist, priest of the Mukacheve eparchy in Czechoslovakia of the Greek Catholic Church. He was president of the independent Carpatho-Ukraine, which existed for one day on March 15, 1939.
Biography[]
Voloshyn was born on March 17, 1874, in Kelecsény, Carpathian Ruthenia, Máramaros County, Kingdom of Hungary (today Kelechyn, Ukraine). He studied at Ungvár (now Uzhhorod, Ukraine) School of Theology and at Budapest University. He became a Greek Catholic priest,[4] from 1924 a Papal chamberer. He was professor of mathematics at Uzhhorod Teacher Institute from 1900 to 1917. In 1918, he became head of the Subcarpathian National Council,[4] which in 1919 asked Czechoslovakia to confederate Carpathian Ruthenia into Czechoslovakia. This was realised in Autumn 1919. In 1925, he was voted as MP in Houses of Parliament in Prague (as a leader of Ruthenian National Christian Party).
On 26 October 1938, president Hácha named Voloshyn to the head of the government of Subcarpathian Autonomous Region.[5] Following the breakup of Czechoslovakia in March 1939, he tried to proclaim the Carpatho-Ukraine independence and became president of Carpatho-Ukraine for a few hours (March 15, 1939)[4] with the help of local units of the Czechoslovak army. He made the Kingdom of Romania a proposal for unification, but he was refused and one day later the region was occupied and annexed by the Hungarians. On March 19, 1939, Voloshyn under the protection of last Czechoslovak troops retreated to the Romanian border, which was Czechoslovakia's ally.
Voloshyn then fled to Prague, where he lived during during the war and was a professor of the Ukrainian Free University.[4] In October and November 1944, the Soviet Red Army took the whole of Carpathian Ruthenia, and incorporated it into the Ukrainian SSR. The government of Czechoslovakia later agreed on June 29. 1945, to cede the territory. The population of Carpathian Ruthenia became Soviet citizens. When Soviet troops took Prague in May 1945, Avgustyn Voloshyn was arrested by the NKVD and taken to Moscow.[4] Although Voloshyn was never a citizen of the Soviet Union, he was accused of being a "Ukrainian nationalist and hostile to the Soviet Union."[4] He died on 19 July 1945 in Moscow's Butyrka prison, the official cause of death that was given is heart failure.[4] It is unknown where Voloshyn's was buried.[4]
In 2002, by the decree of the then Ukrainian president Leonid Kuchma, Avhustyn Voloshyn was awarded the title of Hero of Ukraine and given the Order of State posthumously.
See also[]
- Military history of Carpathian Ruthenia during World War II
- First Vienna Arbitration
- First Vienna Award
- Second Vienna Award
- Carpatho-Ukraine
Further reading[]
- Tomeš, Josef. Biografický slovník Vol. III.
References[]
- ^ Ukrainian National Alliance at the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
- ^ Christian People's Party at the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
- ^ Ruthenian Agrarian Party at the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h (in Ukrainian) Presidential hunt, Ukrayinska Pravda (19 July 2021)
- ^ "Autonomní vlády Podkarpatské Rusi 1938-1939 (přehled)". E-dejiny.cz (in Czech). 1 December 2008. Archived from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
External links[]
- Avhustyn Voloshyn at the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
- Deportation of Voloshyn (in Czech)
- Newspaper clippings about Avgustyn Voloshyn in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW
- Recipients of the title of Hero of Ukraine
- 1874 births
- 1945 deaths
- People from Mizhhirya Raion
- People from the Kingdom of Hungary
- Ruthenian Peasants Party politicians
- Members of the Chamber of Deputies of Czechoslovakia (1925–1929)
- Ukrainian politicians before 1991
- Heads of state of unrecognized or largely unrecognized states
- Ukrainian people of World War II
- Ukrainian people who died in Soviet detention
- Carpatho-Ukraine
- Ukrainian independence activists