Máramaros County

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources:  –  ·  ·  · scholar · JSTOR (November 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Máramaros County Comitatus Maramarosiensis  (Latin) Máramaros vármegye  (Hungarian) Komitat Maramuresch  (German) Комітат Марамарош  (Rusyn) Comitatul Maramureș  (Romanian) Kомітат Мармарош  (Ukrainian)
County of the Kingdom of Hungary (12th century-1526) County of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (1526-1570) County of the Principality of Transylvania (1570-1733) County of the Kingdom of Hungary (1733-1920, 1940-1945)
Coat of arms
Capital	Máramarossziget
Area
• Coordinates	47°56′N 23°53′E / 47.933°N 23.883°E / 47.933; 23.883Coordinates: 47°56′N 23°53′E / 47.933°N 23.883°E / 47.933; 23.883
• 1910	9,716 km2 (3,751 sq mi)
Population
• 1910	357700
History
• Established	12th century
• Treaty of Trianon	4 June 1920
• County recreated (Second Vienna Award)	30 August 1940
• Disestablished	1945
Today part of	Ukraine (6,148 km2)  Romania (3,568 km2)
Sighetu Marmației is the current name of the capital.

Máramaros County (German: Komitat Maramuresch; Hungarian: Máramaros vármegye; Latin: Comitatus Maramarosiensis; Romanian: Comitatul Maramureș; Rusyn: Комітат Марамарош; Ukrainian: Kомітат Мармарош; ) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in north-western Romania and western Ukraine. The capital of the county was Máramarossziget (present-day Sighetu Marmației).^[1]

Geography[]

Map of Máramaros, 1891.

Máramaros county shared borders with the Austrian crownlands Galicia (now in Poland and Ukraine) and Bukovina (now in Romania and Ukraine) and the Hungarian counties Bereg, Ugocsa, Szatmár, Szolnok-Doboka and Beszterce-Naszód. It was situated on both sides of the river Tisza, and in the Carpathian mountains. Its area was 9720 km² around 1910.

History[]

The first mention of the county in the written sources is from 1119 ("cum in Maramorisio tempore venationis venatum ivissemus"). In the 13th century, it was almost uninhabited or very scarcely inhabited. The growth of its population started when the five crown cities (Máramarossziget, Hosszúmező, Huszt, Técső, Visk) were founded in the 14th century.^[2] In 1920, after the Treaty of Trianon, the northern part of the county became part of newly formed Czechoslovakia (Subcarpathian Rus'). The southern part (including Sighetu Marmației) became part of Romania.

The northern part was returned to Hungary by the annexation of the remainder of Carpathian Ruthenia after Czechoslovakia ceased to exist in 1939, however the redeemed territories of the former county remained separate from the administrative branch office of Máramaros. After the Second Vienna Award, the rest of the county became part of Hungary as well and Máramaros County was recreated on this territory, with Máramarossziget as capital. Afterwards, the northern part of Máramaros county along with the administrative branch offices of Máramaros became part of the Soviet Union, Ukrainian SSR, Zakarpattia Oblast. Since 1991, when the Soviet Union split up, the Zakarpattya region is part of Ukraine.

The southern part of the county is now part of the Romanian county Maramureș.

Demographics[]

1900[]

In 1900, the county had a population of 309,598 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:^[3]

Total:

• Ruthenian: 143,621 (46.4%)
• Romanian: 74,978 (24.2%)
• German: 47,449 (15.3%)
• Hungarian: 42,403 (13.7%)
• Slovak: 545 (0.2%)
• Croatian: 79 (0.0%)
• Serbian: 4 (0.0%)
• Other or unknown: 519 (0.2%)

According to the census of 1900, the county was composed of the following religious communities:^[4]

Total:

• Greek Catholic: 220,817 (71.3%)
• Jewish: 56,006 (18.1%)
• Roman Catholic: 23,430 (7.6%)
• Calvinist: 8,918 (2.9%)
• Lutheran: 310 (0.1%)
• Eastern Orthodox: 88 (0.0%)
• Unitarian: 24 (0.0%)
• Other or unknown: 5 (0.0%)

1910[]

Ethnic map of the county with data of the 1910 census (see the key in the description).

In 1910, the county had a population of 357,705 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:^[3]

Total:

• Ruthenian: 159,489 (44.6%)
• Romanian: 84,510 (23.6%)
• German: 59,552 (16.7%)
• Hungarian: 52,964 (14.8%)
• Slovak: 503 (0.1%)
• Croatian: 41 (0.0%)
• Serbian: 6 (0.0%)
• Other or unknown: 640 (0.2%)

According to the census of 1910, the county was composed of the following religious communities:^[4]

Total:

• Greek Catholic: 254,215 (71.1%)
• Jewish: 65,694 (18.4%)
• Roman Catholic: 26,204 (7.3%)
• Calvinist: 9,646 (2.7%)
• Eastern Orthodox: 1,437 (0.4%)
• Lutheran: 464 (0.1%)
• Unitarian: 42 (0.0%)
• Other or unknown: 3 (0.0%)

Subdivisions[]

In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Máramaros county were:

Rakhiv, Teresva, Tiachiv, Khust, and Mizhhir'ya are now in Ukraine; Sighetu Marmației, Ocna Șugatag, Dragomirești and Vișeu de Sus are now in Romania.

References[]