BMW i3

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BMW i3 (I01)
2018 BMW i3 facelift (1).jpg
Overview
ManufacturerBMW
Production2013–present
AssemblyGermany: Leipzig (BMW Group Plant Leipzig)
DesignerRichard Kim[1][2]
Body and chassis
ClassSupermini/Subcompact car (B)
Body style5-door hatchback
LayoutRear-motor, rear-wheel-drive
Powertrain
EngineOptional BMW W20K06U0 25 kW 647 cc, Straight-two generator with a fuel tank capacity of
9 L (2.4 US gal) in Europe[3]
7.2 L (1.9 US gal) in the U.S. (2014-2016)[4]
9 L (2.4 US gal) in the U.S. (2017+)[4]
Electric motorBMW eDrive synchronous permanent magnet motor 125 kW[5] 137 kW
TransmissionSingle speed with fixed ratio[6]
Hybrid drivetrainseries plug-in hybrid or EREV (i3 REx)
Batteryi3 60 Ah: 18.2 kWh (22 gross) lithium-ion battery[7]
i3 94 Ah: 27.2 kWh (33 gross) lithium-ion battery[8]
i3 120 Ah 37.9 kWh (42.2 gross) lithium-ion battery
Electric rangeBEV 60 Ah
130 km (81 mi) EPA[9]
129 to 161 km (80 to 100 mi) NEDC[6]
BEV 94 Ah
183 km (114 mi) EPA[8]
BEV 120 Ah
246 km (153 mi) EPA[10]
REx 60 Ah (with range extender)
116 km (72 mi) (EPA)[11]
Total: 241 km (150 mi) (EPA)[11]
REx 94 Ah (with range extender)
156 km (97 mi)
Total: 290 km (180 mi)[12]
REx 120 Ah (with range extender)
203 km (126 mi)
Total: 322 km (200 mi)
Plug-in charging7.4 kW on-board charger on IEC Combo AC, optional 50 kW Combo DC, DCFC standard on 2015+ models in the US market.
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,570 mm (101.2 in)[6]
Length3,999 mm (157.4 in)[6]
Width1,775 mm (69.9 in)[6]
Height1,578 mm (62.1 in)[6]
Kerb weight60 Ah: 1,195 kg (2,635 lb)[6]
60 Ah: 1,315 kg (2,899 lb) (with range extender)[6]

The BMW i3 is a B-segment, high-roof hatchback manufactured and marketed by BMW with an electric powertrain using rear wheel drive via a single-speed transmission and an underfloor Li-ion battery pack and an optional range-extending petrol engine. The i3 was BMW's first mass-produced zero emissions vehicle and was launched as part of BMW's electric vehicle BMW i sub-brand.[13]

Styled by Richard Kim, the i3 is offered in a single five-door configuration with a passenger module of high strength, ultra-lightweight CFRP (carbon fibre reinforced polymer) adhered to a lower aluminium module holding the chassis, battery, drive system and powertrain. The bodywork features two smaller clamshell rear-hinged rear doors.

The i3 debuted as a concept at the 2011 International Motor Show Germany,[13][14] and production began in September 2013[15] in Leipzig.

Having ranked third amongst electric cars sold worldwide from 2014 to 2016,[16][17][18] the 200,000th i3 was produced in October 2020,[19] and its global sales totaled about 210,000 units worldwide by mid-2021.[20] The U.S. was its best-selling market with almost 42,000 units delivered through December 2019.[21]

The i3 has won two World Car of the Year Awards, selected as 2014 World Green Car of the Year and also as 2014 World Car Design of the Year.[22] The i3 received an iF Product Design Gold Award, and won both UK Car of the Year 2014 and Best Supermini of 2014 in the first UK Car of the Year Awards.

History[]

Sketch of the Mega City Vehicle (MCV).

In February 2011, BMW debuted its sub-brand, BMW i, to market the vehicles produced under Project i. BMW i vehicles were to be sold separately from BMW or Mini. The first two production models are the all-electric BMW i3, formerly called the Mega City Vehicle (MCV), and a plug-in hybrid called BMW i8, which is the production version of the Vision Efficient Dynamics concept unveiled at the 2009 International Motor Show Germany and has an all-electric range of 50 kilometres (31 mi). Production of both plug-in electric cars was scheduled to start in Leipzig in 2013.[23][24]

The i3 concept car was unveiled at the 2011 International Motor Show Germany.[13][14] BMW showcased a BMW i3 prototype during the 2012 Summer Olympics in London,[25] and the production version was unveiled in July 2013.[15]

BMW unveiled the i3 Concept Coupé study at the 2012 Los Angeles Auto Show. The carmaker developed the concept car to demonstrate the potential for extending the model range. The three-door hatchback coupe, like the five-door i3 electric hatchback sedan, is propelled by an electric motor developed by the BMW Group, with a maximum output of 125 kW (168 hp) and peak torque of 250 N·m (184 lb-ft). Power delivery to the rear wheels is via a single-speed transmission. The li-ion battery pack is placed under the floor and can deliver an all-electric range of 160 km (99 mi), but a gasoline engine referred to as "REx", can be added to extend the car's range to 320 km (200 mi).[26][27]

Design and technology[]

The BMW ActiveE began field testing in early 2012 with several of the same electronic components proposed to be used in the BMW i3.

The i3 was the first mass production car with most of its internal structure and body made of carbon-fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP). BMW took advantage of the absence of a forward internal combustion engine, giving the i3 a "clean sheet design" with a sports-like appearance.[28][25][29] The i3 has door panels made of hemp, which mixed with plastic helps lower the weight of each panel by about 10%. Hemp fibers, left exposed, also form a design element of the car's interior and contribute to sustainability. Further environmental consciousness is reflected in the optional seat leather, which is tanned with olive-leaf extract and the dashboard trim, which is made from environmentally refined wood from certified cultivation in Europe.[30] By November 2010, BMW had demonstrated the passenger compartment's light weight, and the automaker's chief executive said they had already decided on the basic design of the car and that road-testing prototypes began soon after.[31]

The i3 includes four doors and seating for four occupants with rear suicide doors. The i3 uses a newly developed powertrain consisting of a 130-kilowatt (170 hp) electric motor running on lithium-ion batteries and driving the rear axle.[25] BMW aimed to achieve a range of 160 km (100 mi), the same range that was expected for the BMW ActiveE, but in order to reduce weight with a battery capacity of 16 kWh instead of the ActiveE's 30 kWh.[32]

BMW i3 concept car exhibited at the 2011 International Motor Show Germany

The BMW i3 has two pedals like all cars with automatic transmission. The accelerator pedal acts as both accelerator and engine brake. When the driver releases the pedal, the vehicle's kinetic energy is regenerated by the vehicle drivetrain to recharge the battery. This has the effect of slowing the car down. During the field testing of the Mini E, which has an accelerator that recharges the battery in this way, and consists of brakes that only apply to the rear wheels, BMW has learned that drivers tend to rely on the engine brake: around 75% of all deceleration maneuvers are initiated without the brake pedal in urban traffic areas.[32] BMW also expected the i3 to use the same type of battery and powertrain that is being tested in the BMW ActiveE trials.[33]

The prototype presented at the 2011 International Motor Show Germany had a 22 kWh (79 MJ) lithium-ion battery pack that is expected to deliver between 130 to 160 km (80 to 100 mi) and the battery was fully charged in about four hours with the 240-volt charging unit. The i3 was expected to go from 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 62 mph) in less than 8 seconds.[13][14] The BMW i3 has a 130 kW (170 hp) electric motor mounted on the rear axle to drive the rear wheels and the top speed is limited to 150 km/h (93 mph).[34]

BMW i3 charging

BMW designed the i3 eDrive powertrain based on the premise that the battery would need to be recharged only once every two to three days. The charging frequency was derived from field trial results taken from the BMW ActiveE and MINI E vehicles in Asia, Europe and the U.S., whereby the typical commuting use between the pilot users' homes and workplaces was calculated.[35]

In June 2012 an updated version of the BMW i3 concept car was unveiled at the opening of the first BMW i store, located on Park Lane in London, UK. The updated i3 concept consists of a new interior colour and materials concept. The seat covers combine responsibly sourced wool and leather naturally tanned with an olive oil leaf-based agent. The almost symmetrical curving dash is inlaid with treated eucalyptus wood that, according to BMW, is sourced from sustainably managed European forests.[36][37]

Information is provided to the driver through a 16.5 cm (6.5 in) freestanding instrument cluster and a 22.3 cm (8.8 in) central information display. The bench-derived front seats replace the center tunnel that bisected the cabin and a floor-mounted transmission, brake levers or center console are also absent.[36][37]

Charging and connectivity[]

Main controls and digital screens of the BMW i3.

The i3 allows the owner to charge the battery from a conventional socket. The BMW i3 has a number of charging functions. With the original 60Ah battery, AC fast charging can take less than 3 hours with the use of the BMW i Wallbox Pure or any 3rd party charging equipment (EVSE) supporting 32A, when charging from 0 to 80%. The i3 also has a 50 kW charging option suitable for public DC charging stations and can take less than 30 minutes to charge the 60Ah version from 0% to 80%.[38][39][40] Later 94Ah and 120Ah models take proportionally longer. In the US, it can also be charged from any public charging station with an SAE J1772 connector.[41] In 2016, BMW and the PG&E utility in California expanded an experiment of delaying charge-up during peak demand and compensating i3 owners for the delay.[42]

BMW claims that the i3 is the first fully online all-electric vehicle,[43] but the Tesla Model S has had full 3G Internet connectivity since 2012.[44]

Operating modes[]

The BMW i3 allows the driver to select the car energy consumption through three different drive modes: Comfort, Eco Pro or Eco Pro+ mode. In the standard Comfort mode the i3 delivers a range between 130 to 160 km (80 to 100 mi) in everyday driving conditions, while the i3 REx delivers between 260 to 290 km (160 to 180 mi).[4][45] The Eco Pro mode increases the driving range by around 12% through a different accelerator pedal mapping which uses less power. In Eco Pro+ mode, all settings are geared to achieving the maximum possible range, increasing the driving range by about 24% compared with Comfort mode. In this mode the maximum speed of the BMW i3 is limited to 90 km/h (56 mph) and electrical devices such as the heating and air conditioning are switched to energy-saving mode.[4][45][46][47] The i3s, introduced for the 2018 model year, adds a SPORT drive mode.[48]

Range extender option[]

An optional petrol/gasoline range extender engine is marketed as REx[25] and is powered by the same Kymco built 647 cc inline two-cylinder engine used in the BMW C650 GT maxi-scooter.[49] The system is intended as an emergency backup to extend range to the next recharging location, and not for long-distance travel.[50] The 647 cc engine as fitted in the i3 REx is derated compared to the engine of the same displacement in the C650 GT; the REx engine develops 34 hp; 34 PS (25 kW) and 41 lb⋅ft; 5.6 kg⋅m (55 N⋅m) at 4,300 RPM, achieving compliance with Euro-6 emissions standards[51] compared to the 59 hp; 60 PS (44 kW) (at 7,500 RPM) and 49 lb⋅ft; 6.7 kg⋅m (66 N⋅m) (at 6,000 RPM) for the engine in the C650 GT, which complies with the less restrictive Euro-4 emissions.[52]

The REx engine operates when battery capacity drops to a pre-specified level, generating electricity to extend the range to about 320 km (200 mi) for the European version.[53]

European models have a 9-litre fuel tank while American models have the same tank[3] though software-limited to a capacity of 7.2 litres.[54] Under EPA five-cycle testing, the i3 REx has a total range of 240 km (150 mi).[11]

The electric motor is located between the rear wheels. The empty space at the right of the motor is reserved to accommodate the range-extending gasoline engine.

The vehicle's official range is 130 to 160 km (80 to 100 mi) for the 60 Ah battery option under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), and up to 200 km (120 mi) in the most efficient driving mode.[6] Under the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cycle, the official range is 130 km (81 mi) with combined fuel economy of 124 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent —MPGe— (1.90 L/100 km; 149 mpg imp).

In July 2016, BMW released the 2017 model year (MY) BMW i3 94 Ah with an improved 33 kWh battery pack with 50% more capacity than the previous model resulting in an increase of its range to 183 km (114 mi) under the EPA cycle,[8] and 300 km (190 mi) under the NEDC test.[55][56] The Range Extender (REx) variant also has the same higher capacity battery as the all-electric model, with a corresponding all-electric range increase to 156 km (97 mi) under EPA testing cycle, for a total range of 290 km (180 mi).[12]

California's classification[]

The range-extender option of the BMW i3 was designed to meet the California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulation for an auxiliary power unit (APU) called REx. According to rules adopted in March 2012 by CARB, the 2014 BMW i3 with a REx unit fitted is the first car ever to qualify as a range-extended battery-electric vehicle or "BEVx". CARB describes this type of electric vehicle as "a relatively high-electric range battery-electric vehicle (BEV) to which an APU is added." The unit, which maintains battery charge at about 30% after the pack has been depleted in normal use, is strictly limited in the additional range it can provide, and delivers a minimum 75 mi (121 km) electric range.[57][58]

CARB classified the i3 with the REx option as a "Transitional Zero Emission Vehicle" (TZEV), the same classification as other plug-in hybrids such as the Chevrolet Volt and the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid. This classification made the i3 REx eligible for California's green sticker that identifies the vehicles allowed to be operated by a single occupant in California's high-occupancy vehicle lanes (HOV), or carpool or diamond lanes, but not for the white sticker reserved for pure electric cars, such as the BMW i3 without REx.[59][60] In addition, CARB certification of the i3 REx as BEVx allows the i3 with range extender to be eligible for a US$2,500 Clean Vehicle Rebate, the same amount eligible pure electric cars are entitled to. Other plug-in hybrids are eligible for only a US$1,500 purchase rebate.[58][61]

The US configuration of the i3 imposes software restrictions on the car that do not apply to other territories. This prompted an owner's lawsuit in 2016.[62]

Fuel economy and range[]

Under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), the range of the 60Ah model is 190 km (120 mi).[63] BMW estimates the energy consumption is 0.21 kWh/mile in everyday driving.[6] The model with the range extender option has an official NEDC total range of 257 to 299 km (160 to 186 mi).[64] From 2016, the range of the 94Ah model is up to 300 km (190 mi).[63]

Under its five-cycle testing, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rated the 2014 through 2016 model year all-electric BMW i3 (60 Ah) energy consumption at 27 kWh/100 mi (16.9 kWh/100 km) with a combined fuel economy at 124 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent – MPGe – (1.90 L/100 km; 149 mpg imp) with an all-electric range of 130 km (81 mi).[9][65] With these ratings the all-electric BMW i3 was the most fuel efficient EPA-certified vehicle sold in the United States of all years regardless of fuel type until November 2016, when it was surpassed by the Hyundai Ioniq Electric, rated at 136 MPGe (25 kWh/100 mi).[66][67][68] The range-extended model has lower ratings than the all-electric i3 due to the extra weight of the twin-cylinder gasoline engine used in the i3 REx.[11] Nevertheless, the i3 REx in 2014 replaced the Chevrolet Volt as the most efficient EPA-certified current year vehicle with a gasoline engine.[66][69]

The BMW i3 with the 94 Ah battery has a range of 114 mi (183 km), an increase of 33 mi (53 km) over the 60 Ah variant. The i3 94 Ah combined fuel economy rating is 118 MPG-e, down from 124 MPG-e for the model with the 60 Ah battery.[8] The 2017 BMW i3 REx with the larger 94 Ah battery has an EPA-rated range of 97 mi (156 km), and combined fuel economy rating is 111 MPG-e. The range using the gasoline-powered engine increased to 83 mi (134 km) from 78 mi (126 km) in the previous versions.[12] The battery rating was again increased in 2018 to 120 Ah, which results in a total capacity of 42.2kWh. The 2019 BMW i3 REx with 120 Ah battery has an EPA-rated battery-only range of 126 mi (203 km), a combined gas and electric range of 200 miles (320 km) miles, and a combined fuel economy rating of 100 MPG-e.[70]

The following are the EPA ratings for both all-electric variants and the range-extended models.

BMW i3 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ratings
Model Year
model 		Fuel / EV range Combined City / Highway Notes
i3 / i3s
(120 Ah) 		2021
2020
2019 		153 mi (246 km) 113 MPG-e
(30 kWh/100 mi) 		124 MPG-e/
102 MPG-e
i3
(94 Ah) 		2018
2017 		114 mi (183 km) 118 MPG-e
(29 kWh/100 mi) 		129 MPG-e
106 mpg-e
i3s

(94 Ah)

2018 107 miles (172 km) 112 MPG-e

(30 kWh/100 mi)

126 MPG-e

99 MPG-e

i3
(60 Ah) 		2014
2015
2016
2017 		81 mi (130 km) 124 MPG-e
(27 kWh/100 mi) 		137 MPG-e
(25 kWh/100 mi)/
111 MPG-e
(30 kWh/100 mi) 		[a]
i3 REx
(120 Ah) 		2021
2020
2019 		Electricity only
126 mi (203 km) 		100 MPG-e
(32 kWh/100 mi) 		107 mpg‑e (32 kW⋅h/100 mi)/

93 mpg‑e (37 kW⋅h/100 mi)

Electricity and gasoline
Total: 200 mi (320 km) 		31 mpg‑US (7.6 L/100 km) 30 mpg‑US (7.8 L/100 km)/

31 mpg‑US (7.6 L/100 km)

i3 REx
(94 Ah) 		2018
2017 		Electricity only
97 mi (156 km) 		111 MPG-e
(30 kWh/100 mi) 		118 mpg‑e (29 kW⋅h/100 mi)/

101 mpg‑e (34 kW⋅h/100 mi)

[b]
Electricity and gasoline
Total: 180 mi (290 km) 		35 mpg‑US (6.7 L/100 km) 36 mpg‑US (6.5 L/100 km)/

33 mpg‑US (7.1 L/100 km)

i3 REx
(60 Ah) 		2014
2015
2016 		Electricity only
72 mi (116 km) 		117 MPG-e
(29 kWhrs/100 mi) 		127 mpg-e (27 kWh/100 mi)
107 mpg‑e (32 kW⋅h/100 mi)
Electricity and gasoline
Total: 150 mi (240 km) 		39 mpg‑US (6.0 L/100 km) 41 mpg‑US (5.7 L/100 km)/
37 mpg‑US (6.4 L/100 km)
Source: EPA[9][69][65][71][72][74][75][76][77][78]
Notes:
  1. ^ Between May 2014 and October 2016 the all-electric BMW i3 was the most fuel efficient EPA-certified vehicle of all years regardless of fuel type.[66][67][68]
  2. ^ The EPA classifies the i3 REx as a series plug-in hybrid or EREV[9][71][72][73] while CARB as a range-extended battery-electric vehicle (BEVx).[58] Since June 2014 the BMW i3 REx is the most fuel efficient EPA-certified vehicle current year vehicle with a gasoline engine (in terms of combined gasoline/electricity rating).[66][67][69]

Safety[]

2014 i3 frontal view
2014 i3 rear view

The European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP) awarded the i3 a four-star car safety rating, resulting in the following ratings for each criterion:

Euro NCAP test results
BMW i3 (2013)[79]
Test Points %
Overall: 4 /5 stars
Adult occupant: 31 86%
Child occupant: 40 81%
Pedestrian: 21 57%
Safety assist: 5 55%

The BMW i3's overall ratings are lower than the other six best-selling plug-in electric vehicles, the Volvo V60 Plug-in Hybrid, Renault Zoe, Nissan Leaf, Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV, Chevrolet Volt and Opel Ampera, all of which were rated five stars.[80]

Additional mobility[]

BMW i introduced the BMW i Flexible Mobility Program for trips where the range of a BMW i3 would not be enough to allow customers to cover longer distances, such as providing a conventional BMW vehicle for a specified number of days per year.[35] The program started in October 2014 in the US and individual dealers can choose whether to participate in this program.[81] BMW is also offering a roadside assistance program in areas of high sales. The assistance vehicle will provide a charge so the i3 can travel to the next charging station. In addition, the i3 digital display panel shows the location of nearby recharging stations to alleviate range anxiety.[82]

2017 model[]

BMW i3s
Interior

In May 2016, BMW announced that the 2017 model year (MY) BMW i3 will have a 33 kWh battery, up from 22 kWh in the previous model, allowing increased range. The battery pack capacity was increased by more than 50% without changes in exterior dimensions. BMW and Samsung SDI optimized the cell-internal packages with more electrolyte and adapted the active material, resulting in higher energy density of the lithium ion cells that increased battery capacity to 94 Ah and overall battery energy to 33 kWh of which 27.2 kWh can be effectively used. The previous battery capacity was 60 Ah and produced 22 kWh (gross) with a net capacity of 19 kWh.[55] The improved battery has an upgraded electronics package that has new software mapping for the battery cooling system and the electric motor. The 94 Ah battery pack fits both the all-electric i3 and the i3 with the range extender.[83]

Comparison of EPA-rated range for electric cars rated up until July 2017 and priced under US$50,000 in the U.S. Only model year 2016 and 2017 cars are included.[84][85]

The Range Extender (REx) variant features the same battery as the all-electric model. The 2017 REx model offers additional range in the American market thanks to a fuel tank that is 25% larger than the previous model with capacity for 2.4 US gal (9.1 l; 2.0 imp gal).[55] This is actually the same tank the i3 has always been manufactured with and used outside the U.S., but BMW had locked out the tank's last half-gallon of capacity in the American market to meet California's ZEV requirements for vehicles with range extender, as the car had more gasoline-powered range than all-electric range, which would affect its status as a zero-emissions vehicle (ZEV) in California. Since the 2017 model years delivers an increased all-electric range that now exceeds its gas-powered range, BMW was able to unlock the full tank without affecting its ZEV status.[86]

The 2017 model year i3 was released in the United States and Europe in July 2016. According to BMW, as of 10 August 2016, orders for the larger battery i3 exceeded 7,000 units, with a total of 2,358 i3s delivered worldwide in July 2016, up 33.7% year-on-year.[87] Sales also surged in the U.S. with 1,479 units sold in July 2016, up 58.2% from July 2015, and 143.3% from June 2016.[88] However, BMW only managed to sell 6,276 i3s in 2017 in the U.S., a drop of 17 percent from 2016.[89] Purchase incentive of up to $10,000 was available for 2017 or 2018 models.[90][91]

Both variants with the improved battery were scheduled to be available in the UK, Germany and France starting in July 2016.[56][92][93] Owners of previous i3 models in selected markets have the option to retrofit their vehicles with the improved battery. BMW plans to use the used 22 kWh batteries in the manufacturing of stationary power storage units.[56][93] The battery retrofit option is not available in the U.S.[94]

2018 model and i3s[]

In 2017, BMW announced the addition of the i3s to its lineup beginning with the 2018 model year.[48] The i3s features a lowered sport suspension, wider wheels and tires, faster acceleration, and a SPORT drive mode. The i3s, like the i3, is offered with optional Range Extender.

2019 model[]

In September 2018, BMW announced a larger 42.2 kWh (120 Ah) battery for the i3.[95] Minor alterations to the i3 included new color options and adaptive headlights. With the introduction of the bigger battery, BMW decided to discontinue the REX version of the i3 in Europe. https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/2019-bmw-i3-loses-range-extender-europe/

Production[]

i3 Range extender version (REx) gasoline fuel door is at the right front side

BMW has implemented efficient manufacturing processes and is using recycled materials to lessen the i3's environmental impact.[30]

BMW is manufacturing carbon strands that form the basis of the i3's carbon-fiber reinforced plastic bodywork at a new US$100 million plant built in Moses Lake, Washington, using raw material shipped from Japan. This location was selected to take advantage of the abundant hydroelectric power available in this U.S. region because carbon-fiber production requires considerable energy and would otherwise emit much carbon dioxide. The carbon fiber is then shipped to Landshut, Germany, where the carbon-fiber reinforced plastic parts are fabricated, and the vehicle assembly line is located in Leipzig.[32][96][97][98][99]

In November 2010, the Leipzig plant was inaugurated, with an investment totaling €400 million euros (US$561 million) through 2013. The plant is located at BMW's complex that already produces variants of the 1 Series model.[31] A concept version of the BMW i3 Coupe reflecting the current status of ongoing development was presented at the March 2013 Geneva Motor Show.[100] The production vehicle was officially unveiled simultaneously in New York, London and Beijing on 29 July 2013.[15] Series production for retail customers began on 18 September 2013, and the first vehicle off the production line was handed over to German marathon runner Jan Fitschen. The car was used as the lead vehicle at the 2013 Berlin Marathon on 29 September.[101][102]

As of February 2014, BMW was producing an average of 70 cars a day, about half the planned production, with lower production due to a high defect rate in the carbon parts. A subsequent investment of about €100 million in the production of carbon parts was made to solve the supply problems. According to BMW, there were 11,000 orders at the time, including 1,200 from U.S. customers. As a result of the high demand and the slow production rate, delivery waiting time extended to September 2014.[103][104]

As of October 2017, production of the BMW i3 was just over 120 cars per day. By late October 2017, the 100,000th BMW i3 had been built in the Leipzig plant.[105] As of December 2019, BMW planned to continue i3 production until 2024, and there are no specific plans for an i3 successor.[106] However, later BMW announced it would discontinue i3 sales in the US after 2021. The 200,000th i3 rolled off the production line in the Leipzig plant on 15 October 2020.[19]

Marketing and sales[]

BMW i3 global annual sales
Year Units sold
2013[107]
1,477
2014[108]
16,052
2015[109]
24,057
2016[16]
25,500
2017[110]
31,482
2018[111]
34,623
2019[111]
39,501

Production began on 18 September 2013.[101][112] As of March 2018, the BMW i3 was available in 74 countries.[113]

The first i3 deliveries to retail customers in Europe took place at an official market launch ceremony held in Munich on 15 November 2013.[114] The first delivery to a retail customer in the U.S. took place in May 2014.[115] At its market launch, pricing in the United States started at US$42,275 before any government incentives, and the range extender option an additional US$3,850. Prices in Germany started from €34,950 (US$46,400).[15][116] Pricing in the UK started at GB£30,680 (US$47,195) before the applicable government grant.[117]

After its release BMW, like many other plug-in electric carmakers at the time, faced weak reception of its electric car lineup.[118][119] BMW expected to sell at least 30,000 units a year from 2014.[120] Global sales passed the 10,000 unit mark in September 2014,[121] 25,000 units in May 2015,[122] and the 50,000 unit milestone was achieved in July 2016.[123] Cumulative global sales attained the 150,000 unit mark by mid 2019.[124]

Norway has the largest BMW i3 market penetration per capita in the world.[125]

The i3 was the world's third best all-time selling all-electric car in 2016, after the Nissan Leaf and the Tesla Model S, with more than 65,000 units sold worldwide since its inception.[16] The i3 also ranked third by sales among all-electric cars sold worldwide for three years in a row, from 2014 to 2016.[16][17][18][126]

By mid-2021, i3 sales since inception totaled about 210,000 units delivered worldwide.[20] As of December 2019, the United States listed as the i3 top selling country market with 41,988 units sold,[21] followed by Germany with 26,722 units.[127][128][129][130][131][132][133] Norway is also a top market with 25,156 new units registered through mid-June 2020.[134] The Norwegian market has the world's highest i3 penetration per capita.[125] In November 2016, the BMW i3 topped new passenger car monthly sales in Norway.[135] U.S. sales ended in July 2021.[20]

Global sales[]

The following table presents annual retail sales or registrations of the i3 top selling national markets through December 2019 for both variants of the BMW i3, except when noted.

BMW i3 sales/registrations in top selling countries[a]
2013 – 2019
Country[b] Cumulative
2013–2019 		2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013
 United States[136][137][138][139][140] 41,988 4,854 6,117 6,276 7,625 11,024 6,092 N/A
 Germany[127][128][129][130][131][132][133] 26,722 9,382 5,095 4,319 2,863 2,271 2,233 559
 Norway[141][142][143][144][145][146] 24,021 4,851 5,687 5,036 3,953 2,403 2,040 51
 United Kingdom[113][147] ~17,200 [c] +4,300 ~3,400 3,458 2,631 2,145 1,220 [d]
 France[149][150][151][152][153][154][155] 10,169 2,956 2,415 1,954 1,347 822 607 68[e]
 Netherlands[156][157][158][159][160][161] 7,230 2,860 1,613 881 505 574 545 252
  Switzerland[162][163][164] 4,988 1,082 1,063 912 547 888 390 106
 Sweden[165][166][167][168][169] 3,579 1,174 760 545 500 379 210 11
 Austria[170][171][172] 3,344 [d] 976 1,041 789 228 296 14
 Spain[173][174][175][176][177][178][179] 3,101 916 682 683 338 251 204 27
 Belgium[180][181][182][183][184][185][186] 3,031 512 715 613 430 386 353 32
 Italy[187][188][189][190][191][192] 1,849 487[e] 278 346 213 262 229 34
 Denmark[193][194][195] 1,610 436 97 41 252 645 138 1
 Canada[196] 1,195 [d] [d] 309 320 367 199 N/A
 Europe[107][197][198][199][200][201][202] 116,066 32,451 24,432 20,855 15,060 12,047 9,744 1,477
Global sales[203][107][108][109][16][110][204][111] 172,692[f] 39,501 34,623 31,482 ~25,500 24,057 16,052 1,477
  1. ^ Only countries with cumulative sales/registrations over 1,500 units.
  2. ^ Detailed sales for Japan and China are not available.
  3. ^ Estimated (2013 is missing, and 2018 and 2019 are not exact figures). UK stock of i3s licensed (in use) was 16,082 at the end of 2019[148]
  4. ^ a b c d Sales/registration figures not available
  5. ^ a b Figure does not include REx version sales/registrations.
  6. ^ Total shown is the sum of annual sales as reported by BMW. However, BMW reported cumulative sales of over 165,000 units.[203]

Reception[]

The BMW i3 won the Geneva Auto Show Car Design of the Year award for 2013 in the production category; an iF Product Design Gold Award for "the incorporation of sustainability in all facets of the interieur and exterieur design";[205] the 2014 World Green Car of the Year; the 2014 World Car Design of the Year,[206] UK Car of the Year 2014, UK Best Super-mini of 2014 and Green Car Journal's 2015 Green Car of the Year Award.[207]

In Australia, the BMW i3 received the 2014 Wheels Car of the Year by Wheels Magazine.[208] In South Africa the i3 received "Design of the Year"[209] and "Game Changer of the Year"[210] in 2016 by the automotive website cars.co.za.

At the 2017 New York International Auto Show the 94 Ah i3 was named the inaugural winner of the "World Urban Car of the Year".[211]

Discontinuation[]

BMW announced that the i3 would be discontinued in the United States after the 2021 model year; the i3 may most likely go out of production after 2022 for other markets.[212][213]

See also[]

References[]

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  140. ^ Loveday, Steven (17 January 2020). "FINAL UPDATE: Quarterly Plug-In EV Sales Scorecard". InsideEVs.com. Retrieved 13 June 2020. See Chart: "2019 Monthly/Q4 Sales Chart : Annual"
  141. ^ Ståle Frydenlund (2 January 2014). "7.882 nye elbiler registrert i 2013" [7882 new electric cars registered in 2013] (in Norwegian). Norsk Elbilforening (Norwegian Electric Vehicle Association). Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
  142. ^ Norwegian Road Federation (OFV) (January 2015). "CO2-utslippet i desember 2014" [CO2 emissions in December 2014] (in Norwegian). OFV. Archived from the original on 23 January 2015. Retrieved 14 February 2015. See graph: Gjennomsnittlig CO2-utslipp for registrerte ney personbiler per modell 2014, til og med desember. A total of 2,040 BMW i3s were registered in Norway in 2014.
  143. ^ Norwegian Road Federation (OFV) (January 2016). "Bilsalget i 2015" [Car sales in 2015] (in Norwegian). OFV. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 23 October 2016. A total of 2,403 new i3s, including the REx variant, were registered in Norway in 2015.
  144. ^ Opplysningsrådet for Veitrafikken AS (OFV). "Bilsalget i 2017" [Car sales in 2017] (in Norwegian). OFV. Archived from the original on 10 January 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2018. Registrations of new i3 cars in Norway, including the REx variant, totaled 3,953 units in 2016 and 5,036 in 2017.
  145. ^ Norwegian Road Federation (OFV) (2 January 2019). "Bilsalget i 2018" [Car sales in 2018] (in Norwegian). OFV. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2019. Registrations of new i3 cars in Norway, including the REx variant, totaled 5,687 units in 2018
  146. ^ Norwegian Road Federation (OFV) (January 2020). "OFV Registreringsstatistikk" [OFV Registration Statistics] (in Norwegian). OFV. Retrieved 13 June 2020. To access the sales ranking by model choose "Modell" and the tabs "2019" and "Desember" - Registrations of new i3 cars in Norway, including the REx variant, totaled 4,851 units in 2019
  147. ^ "BMW Group UK reports 2019 sales" (Press release). London: BMW Group. 6 January 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020. BMW i3 sales totaled over 4,300 units in 2019, up 27% from 2018 (~3,386 in 2018).
  148. ^ RAC Foundation (January 2020). "Plug-in vehicles on the road - Number of battery-electric and plug-in hybrids in the UK (Q4 2019)". UK: RAC Foundation. Retrieved 13 June 2020. The table shows the number of vehicles that are licensed in the UK as at the end of each of the last five quarters for which data is available. For Q4 2019 there were 8,592 i3 REx cars and 7,490 i3 BEVs, for a total of 16,082 BMW i3 cars in use in the UK.
  149. ^ Automobile Propre. "Chiffres de vente & immatriculations de voitures électriques en France" [Sales figures & electric car registrations in France] (in French). Automobile Propre. Retrieved 1 February 2015. See "Ventes de voitures électriques" for 2013 registrations. REx variant registrations are not included.
  150. ^ AVERE-France (5 January 2015). "Le marché du véhicule électrique maintient sa progression en 2014" [The electric vehicle market continues to grow in 2014] (in French). AVERE France. Retrieved 28 February 2016. See graph with top 5 models in 2014: A total of 607 i3s were registered in France during 2014 including REx models.
  151. ^ Schwoerer, Philippe (7 January 2016). "Immatriculations des voitures électriques : + 62,1% en 2015" [Registrations of electric cars: + 62.1% in 2015] (in French). Association pour l'Avenir du Véhicule Electrique Méditerranéen (AVEM). Retrieved 28 February 2016. A total of 822 i3s were registered in France in 2015 including REx models.
  152. ^ France Mobilité Électrique – AVERE France (9 January 2017). "Plus de 27 000 véhicules électriques immatriculés en 2016, après un mois de décembre record" [More than 27,000 electric vehicles registered in 2016, after a record December] (in French). AVERE. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
  153. ^ France Mobilité Électrique – AVERE France (9 January 2018). "Près de 31 000 véhicules électriques immatriculés en France en 2017 !" [Nearly 31,000 electric vehicles registered in France in 2017!] (in French). AVERE. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
  154. ^ France Mobilité Électrique – AVERE France (9 January 2019). "Baromètre annuel : près de 40 000 véhicules électriques immatriculés en France en 2018 !" [Annual barometer: nearly 40,000 electric vehicles registered in France in 2018!] (in French). AVERE. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  155. ^ "Nouveaux records de vente des modèles électrifiés du BMW Group en 2019. BMW Group France confirme sa position de leader du segment automobile Premium" [New sales records for electrified BMW Group models in 2019. BMW Group France confirms its position as leader in the Premium automotive segment] (Press release) (in French). Paris: BMW Group. 9 January 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020. The BMW i3 confirms its success story, with 22.4% growth to 2,956 units delivered.
  156. ^ RAI (24 January 2014). "Verkoopstatistieken – Meer marktinformatie" [Sales Statistics – More Market Information] (in Dutch). RAI Vereniging. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 8 June 2014. Download pdf file for detailed sales in 2013 ("Download nieuwverkoop personenautos 201312").
  157. ^ RAI (27 January 2015). "Verkoopstatistieken" [Sales Statistics] (in Dutch). RAI Vereniging. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2015. Download the pdf file for detailed sales by model during 2014: "nieuwverkoop personenautos 201412 Archived 1 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine".
  158. ^ RAI (January 2016). "Nieuwverkoop Personenautos Per Merk/Model" [New passenger cars sales by brand/model 2015/12 2015 toal] (in Dutch). RAI Vereniging. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 28 February 2016. A total of 574 i3s were sold in the Netherlands in 2015".
  159. ^ RAI Vereniging (22 January 2018). "Maandelijkse verkoopcijfers" [Monthly sales figures] (in Dutch). RAI. Retrieved 6 February 2018. Download the XLS file "Personenauto's maandrapportage nieuwverkopen 2017" – A total of 881 i3 cars were sold in the Netherlands in 2017."
  160. ^ RAI Vereniging (7 January 2019). "Maandelijkse verkoopcijfers" [Monthly sales figures] (in Dutch). RAI. Retrieved 14 January 2019. Download the XLS file "Personenauto's maandrapportage nieuwverkopen 2018" – A total of 1,613 i3 cars were sold in the Netherlands in 2018."
  161. ^ RAI Vereniging (3 February 2020). "Verkoopcijfers 2019" [Sales figures 2019] (in Dutch). RAI. Retrieved 13 June 2020. Download the XLS file "Personenauto's maandelijkse nieuwverkopen 2019" – A total of 2,860 i3 cars were sold in the Netherlands in 2019."
  162. ^ Vereinigung Schweizer Automobil-Importeure. "Autoverkäufe nach Modellen – Modellstatistik" [Passenger cars by model – Statistics by model] (in German). Auto Schweiz Suisse. Archived from the original on 24 January 2016. Retrieved 23 January 2016. Under "Modellstatistiken 2010–2015" click "2015 Statistik" to download the file "ModellePW2015" with sales by model for 2015; "2014 Statistik" to download the file "ModellePW2014" with sales by model for 2014; and "2013 Statistik" to download the file "ModellePW2013" with sales by model for 2013.
  163. ^ Vereinigung Schweizer Automobil-Importeure. "Autoverkäufe nach Modellen – Modellstatistik" [Passenger cars by model – Statistics by model] (in German). Auto Schweiz Suisse. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 13 June 2020. Under "Modellstatistiken 2013–2018" download the xls file "ModellePW2018" for 2018, "Modellstatistik Januar – Dezember 2017" for 2017 sales, "ModellePW2016" for 2016 sales, "ModellePW2015" with sales by model for 2015, "2014 Statistik" to download the file "ModellePW2014" with sales by model for 2014, and "2013 Statistik" to download the file "ModellePW2013" with sales by model for 2013.
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  166. ^ Bil Sweden (4 January 2016). "Nyregistreringar december 2015 def" [New Registrations December 2015 (final)] (in Swedish). Bil Sweden. Archived from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016. Download the pdf file "Nyregistreringar december 2015 def" See table: Nyregistrerade miljöpersonbilar december 2015
  167. ^ Bil Sweden (8 January 2018). "Definitiva nyregistreringar under 2017" [Definitive new registrations in 2017] (in Swedish). Bil Sweden. Retrieved 31 January 2018. Download the pdf file "PressRel1712_DEF.pdf" See table "Nyregistrerade supermiljöbilar december 2017" – A total of 500 units of both variants were sold in 2016 and 545 in 2017.
  168. ^ Bil Sweden (7 January 2019). "Nyregistreringar december 2018 (def)" [Definitive new registrations December 2018 (final)] (in Swedish). Bil Sweden. Retrieved 2 February 2019. Download the pdf file "PressRel1812_DEF.pdf" See table: "Nyregistrerade laddbara personbilar december 2018"
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  170. ^ "Bundesländer-Statistik – Dezember 2015" [Federal Statistics – December 2015] (in German). Myampera.wordpress.com. January 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016. Click on the tables by model by year.
  171. ^ Jose Pontes (24 January 2017). "Austria December 2016". EV Sales. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
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  173. ^ Asociación Nacional de Importadores de Automóviles, Camiones, Autobuses y Motocicletas (ANIACAM) (3 January 2014). "Datos de Mercado: Diciembre 2013 – Matriculaciones de automóviles" [Market data: December 2013 – Automobiles registrations] (in Spanish). ANIACAM. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2014.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)Download the file DossierAutomóviles_diciembre13.xls (929KB)* with current month and cumulative sales for 2013.
  174. ^ Asociación Nacional de Importadores de Automóviles, Camiones, Autobuses y Motocicletas (ANIACAM) (January 2015). "Datos de Mercado: Diciembre 2014 – Matriculaciones" [Market data: December 2014 – Registrations] (in Spanish). ANIACAM. Archived from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2015.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Download the file "DossierAutomóviles_diciembre14.xls (929KB)*" with current month and cumulative sales for full year 2014.
  175. ^ Asociación Nacional de Importadores de Automóviles, Camiones, Autobuses y Motocicletas (ANIACAM) (January 2016). "Datos de Mercado: Diciembre 2015 – Matriculaciones" [Market data: December 2015 – Registrations] (in Spanish). ANIACAM. Archived from the original on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Download the file "DossierAutomóviles_diciembre15.xls (929KB)*" with current month and cumulative sales for year 2015.
  176. ^ Asociación Nacional de Importadores de Automóviles, Camiones, Autobuses y Motocicletas (ANIACAM) (January 2017). "Datos de Mercado: Diciembre 2016 – Matriculaciones" [Market data: December 2016 – Registrations] (in Spanish). ANIACAM. Retrieved 13 February 2018.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Download the file "DossierAutomóviles_diciembre16.xls (929KB)*" with current month and cumulative sales for year 2016.
  177. ^ Asociación Nacional de Importadores de Automóviles, Camiones, Autobuses y Motocicletas (ANIACAM) (January 2018). "Datos de Mercado: Diciembre 2017 – Matriculaciones" [Market data: December 2017 – Registrations] (in Spanish). ANIACAM. Retrieved 13 February 2018.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Download the file "DossierAutomóviles_diciembre17.xls (929KB)*" with current month and cumulative sales for year 2017.
  178. ^ "Datos de Mercado: Diciembre 2018 – Matriculaciones" [Market data: December 2018 – Registrations]. Asociación Nacional de Importadores de Automóviles, Camiones, Autobuses y Motocicletas (ANIACAM) (in Spanish). ANIACAM. January 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2020. Download the file "DossierAutomóviles_diciembre18.xls (929KB)*" with current month and cumulative sales for year 2019.
  179. ^ "Datos de Mercado: Diciembre 2019 – Matriculaciones" [Market data: December 2019 – Registrations]. Asociación Nacional de Importadores de Automóviles, Camiones, Autobuses y Motocicletas (ANIACAM) (in Spanish). ANIACAM. January 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2020. Download the file "DossierAutomóviles_diciembre19.xls (26KB)*" with current month and cumulative sales for year 2019.
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  193. ^ De Danske Bilimportører (January 2016). "Statistik" [Statistics (Passenger cars by model)] (in Danish). Bilimp. Archived from the original on 8 May 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2016. Select 2015/2014/2013 – "Hele året" for the corresponding year and click on "Pr. model" for details of sales by brand and model.
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  198. ^ Gibbs, Nick (15 March 2016). "Hybrid sales expected to triple in Europe as tougher CO2 rules loom". Automotive News Europe. Retrieved 28 March 2016. Sales in Europe as reported by JATO Dynamics: A total of 3,940 BMW i3 REx variants were sold in Europe in 2014, ranking as the third best selling plug-in hybrid in the continent. During 2015 sales totaled 5,481 all-electric BMW i3s and 6,566 i3 REx models (total 12,047).
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