Bandwing

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Bandwings
Austroicetes vulgaris.jpg
Austroicetes vulgaris
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Orthoptera
Suborder: Caelifera
Family: Acrididae
Subfamily: Oedipodinae
Walker, 1871
Tribes

See text

Synonyms

Locustidae Kirby, 1825
Locustinae Kirby, 1825
Oedipodidae Walker, 1871

Bandwings, or band-winged grasshoppers, are the subfamily Oedipodinae[1] of grasshoppers classified under the family Acrididae. They have a worldwide distribution and were originally elevated to full family status as the Oedipodidae.[2] Many species primarily inhabit xeric weedy fields, and some are considered to be important locusts:

  • Locusta migratoria: the migratory locust
  • Chortoicetes terminifera: the Australian plague locust
  • Locustana pardalina the brown locust

These grasshoppers often have colorful hindwings that may be yellow or red and edged with black. Others have black hindwings with pale edges, and a few species (including the most economically important ones) have clear hindwings. The arolium is extremely small or absent.

Defense[]

When bandwings feel safe, they appear drab. When they feel threatened, they leap out to reveal bold and bright colors. Some predators might even mistake the Blue-winged grasshopper for butterfly. But when the predator looks for the grasshopper, it is hiding in the grass. Bandwings continue this process if the predator tries to attack them.

Tribes and genera[]

The Orthoptera Species File lists the following:[3]

Tribe Acrotylini[]

Auth. Shumakov 1963; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia

Acrotylus patruelis

Tribe Anconiini[]

Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America

Tribe Arphiini[]

Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America

Arphia xanthoptera

Tribe Bryodemini[]

Auth. Bei-Bienko 1930; distribution: Europe, Asia

Bryodemella tuberculata

Tribe Chortophagini[]

Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: N. America

Chortophaga viridifasciata

Tribe Epacromiini[]

Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl 1893; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia through to New Caledonia

Aiolopus thalassinus
  • Aiolopus Fieber, 1853
  • Sirin & Çiplak, 2004
  • Bolívar, 1908
  • Uvarov, 1942
  • Heteropternis Stål, 1873
  • Uvarov, 1923
  • Bolívar, 1914
  • Paracinema Fischer, 1853
  • Uvarov, 1942

Tribe Hippiscini[]

Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: Americas

Hippiscus ocelote

Tribe Locustini[]

Auth. Kirby, 1825; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia

Locusta migratoria migratorioides female (solitary)

Tribe Macherocerini[]

Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America

  • Machaerocera Saussure, 1859

Tribe Oedipodini[]

Auth. Walker, 1871; distribution: N. Africa, Europe, Asia

Oedipoda caerulescens
  • Saussure, 1884
  • Saussure, 1888
  • Zheng, 1991
  • Oedipoda Latreille, 1829
  • Willemse, 1932

Tribe Parapleurini[]

Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl 1893[5] (synonym Parapleuri); distribution: N. America, Europe, Asia

Stethophyma magister

Tribe Psinidiini[]

Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: N. America

Psinidia fenestralis

Tribe Sphingonotini[]

Auth. Johnston, 1956; distribution: worldwide, esp. Africa, Europe, Asia

Sphingonotus sp.

Tribe Trilophidiini[]

Auth. Shumakov 1963; distribution: Africa, Asia

Trilophidia conturbata

Tribe Trimerotropini[]

Auth. Blatchley, 1920; distribution: Americas

Tribe Tropidolophini[]

Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America

Tropidolophus formosus

Tribe incertae sedis[]

Chortoicetes terminifera
  • Gong & Zheng, 2003
  • Bei-Bienko, 1950
  • Atympanum Yin, 1982
  • Werner, 1913
  • Yin, 1979
  • Austroicetes Uvarov, 1925
  • Berg, 1899
  • Saussure, 1884
  • Uvarov, 1956
  • Chortoicetes Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
  • Crinita Dirsh, 1949
  • Yin, 1979
  • Scudder, 1897
  • Saussure, 1884
  • Dirsh, 1949
  • Yin, 1984
  • Bei-Bienko, 1951
  • Chopard, 1947
  • Uvarov, 1952
  • Zheng, 1981
  • Koçak & Kemal, 2008
  • Uvarov, 1953
  • Bolívar, 1882
  • Uvarov, 1952
  • Zheng, 1977
  • Saussure, 1884
  • Saussure, 1888
  • Morphacris Walker, 1870
  • Balderson & Yin, 1987
  • Bolívar, 1911
  • Yin, 1982
  • Hollis, 1967
  • Uvarov, 1941
  • Descamps, 1965
  • Stål, 1873
  • Pycnostictus Saussure, 1884
  • Sjöstedt, 1921
  • Rashidia Uvarov, 1933
  • Chen, 1964
  • Saussure, 1884
  • Miller, 1949
  • † Stidham & Stidham, 2000
  • † Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994
  • † Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994

The genus Cibolacris was originally placed in Oedipodinae, and later moved to Gomphocerinae. The genus Stethophyma is traditionally included in Oedipodinae, but North American authors in particular sometimes place it in the Gomphocerinae or Acridinae. Some authors place all members of Oedipodinae within the subfamily Acridinae, and there has been much confusion and debate about the limits and relationships of the two subfamilies.[8] [9][10][11]

References[]

  1. ^ Orthoptera Species File (retrieved 28 January 2018)
  2. ^ Walker F (1871) Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum Supplement: 102
  3. ^ *Orthoptera Species File (retrieved 1 December 2018)
  4. ^ Hippopedon at Orthoptera Species File Online
  5. ^ Parapleurini at Orthoptera Species File Online
  6. ^ Lactista at Orthoptera Species File Online
  7. ^ Sphingonotus at Orthoptera species File Online
  8. ^ Cibolacris at Orthoptera Species File Online
  9. ^ Oedipodinae at Orthoptera Species File Online
  10. ^ Daniel Otte, 1982, 'The North American Grasshoppers, Volume 1: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae and Acridinae', Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674626607
  11. ^ DCF Rentz, RC Lewis, YN Su & MS Upton, 2003, 'A Guide to Australian Grasshoppers and Locusts', Natural History Publications (Borneo). ISBN 983-812-074-X , ISBN 978-983-812-074-6

External links[]

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