Bittacus

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Bittacus
Temporal range: Cenomanian–Present
Bittacus strigosus -- Hangingfly.JPG
Bittacus strigosus
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Mecoptera
Family: Bittacidae
Genus: Bittacus
Latreille, 1805
Species

See text

Bittacus is a genus of hangingflies in the order Mecoptera. Members of the genus have a cosmopolitan distribution. The genus has existed since at least the earliest Late Cretaceous.[1] Bittacus is considered "grossly paraphyletic" and serves as a catch-all for many distantly related species of hangingflies.[2]

Characteristics[]

Members of this genus have long legs, the front pair of which are modified for grasping and are used to hang from vegetation. The other two pairs have tarsal claws and are modified for catching prey. There are two pairs of equal sized, membranous wings with dark mottling. The mouthparts are modified for chewing. The insects superficially resemble crane flies.[3][4]

Species[]

The following species are listed in the World Checklist of Extant Mecoptera Species:[3]

  • Navás, 1914 – Kenya
  • Esben-Petersen, 1915 – Zaire
  • Navás, 1914 – Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia
  • Londt and Byers, 1974 – Bolivia, Peru
  • Souza Lopes and Mangabeira, 1942 – Brazil
  • Londt, 1972 – South Africa
  • Esben-Petersen, 1927 – China (Yunnan)
  • Tjeder, 1956 – Zimbabwe, South Africa
  • Esben-Petersen, 1915 – Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama
  • Capra, 1939 – Tanzania, Kenya
  • Londt, 1993 – South Africa
  • -Morgante, 1967 – Brazil (São Paulo)
  • Capra, 1939 – Ethiopia
  • Klug, 1838 – Argentina, Brazil
  • Esben-Petersen, 1927 – Paraguay
  • Londt, 1972 – South Africa
  • Navás, 1930 – Zaire
  • Tjeder, 1974 – Burma
  • Londt, 1972 – South Africa
  • (Thunberg), 1784 – South Africa
  • Londt, 1972 – Zambia, Zimbabwe
  • Bittacus carpenteri Cheng, 1957 – China (Szechwan)
  • (Navás), 1908 – Chad, Mali, Senegal, French Somaliland
  • Klug, 1838 – Chile
  • Bittacus chlorostigma MacLachlan, 1881 – United States (California, Oregon)
  • Issiki and Cheng, 1947 – Taiwan
  • Tjeder, 1956 – China (Manchuria, Kiangsi)
  • Tjeder, 1956 – China
  • Issiki, 1929 – China (Kiangsu), Korea
  • Londt, 1972 – South Africa
  • Navás, 1914 – Kenya, Somalia
  • Byers, 1996 – Costa Rica
  • Souza Lopes and Mangabeira, 1942 – Brazil
  • Navás, 1930 – Zaire
  • Lambkin, 1988 – Australia
  • Byers, 1975 – Uganda, Zaire
  • Klug, 1838 – Brazil
  • Klug, 1838 – Brazil, Venezuela
  • Issiki, 1927 – Taiwan
  • Williner, 1990 – Argentina
  • Esben-Petersen, 1913 – Kenya, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Zambia
  • Erichson, 1848 – Brazil, Guyana
  • Williner, 1990 – Argentina
  • Cheng, 1957 – China (Kwangtung)
  • Brauer, 1860 – Austria, Belgium, France
  • Kimmins, 1928 – Sri Lanka
  • Navás, 1933 – French Guinea
  • Walker 1853 – India
  • Esben-Petersen 1915 – Sri Lanka
  • Miyamoto 1979 – Japan
  • (Müller) 1766 -Belgium, Bosnia, Germany, Poland, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine
  • Issiki 1929 -Japan
  • Bittacus kimminsi Tjeder 1956 – South Africa
  • Wood 1933 – Namibia
  • Navás 1909 – Japan
  • Gerstaecker 1885 – India
  • Byers 1965 – Thailand
  • Navás 1934 – Tanzania
  • Navás 1914 – Kenya
  • Londt 1981 – Malawi
  • Issiki 1927 – Taiwan
  • Byers 1965 – Brazil, Trinidad
  • Tjeder 1974 – Burma
  • Miyake 1913 – Japan
  • Navás 1913 – Japan
  • Klug 1838 – Mexico (Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí)
  • Londt 1978 – South Africa
  • Weele 1910 – Angola, Cameroon, Kenya, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia
  • Navás 1914 – Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia
  • Wood 1933 – Mozambique, Malawi, Zimbabwe, South Africa
  • Klug 1838 – Mozambique, South Africa
  • Navás 1909 – Japan
  • Rust and Byers 1976 – India, Pakistan
  • Bittacus occidentis Walker 1853 – United States
  • Morgante 1967 – Brazil
  • Navás 1914 – Ethiopia
  • Byers 1958 – Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela
  • Byers 1996 – Mexico (Baja California Sur)
  • Esben-Petersen 1913 – South Africa
  • Kimmins 1938 – South Africa
  • Navás 1935 – China (Kiangsi)
  • Navás 1932 – Panama
  • Bittacus pilicornis Westwood 1846 – Canada, United States
  • Wood 1933 – Namibia
  • Souza Lopes and Mangabeira 1942 – Brazil
  • Cheng 1949 – China (Shensi)
  • (Navás) 1908 – Zaire, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Uganda
  • Byers and Roggero 1992 – Panama
  • Bittacus punctiger Westwood 1846 – United States
  • Londt 1977 – Zaire
  • Miyamoto 1984 – Japan
  • Esben-Petersen 1913 – Zaire
  • Esben-Petersen 1917 – South Africa
  • Walker 1853 – China (Chekiang, Kiangsu), Korea, Japan
  • Issiki 1931 – China (Szechwan)
  • Weele 1910 – Kenya, Tanzania
  • Londt 1972 – South Africa
  • Tjeder 1956 – South Africa
  • Issiki 1929 – Taiwan
  • Byers 1996 – Costa Rica, Nicaragua
  • Byers 1968 – Zaire, Malawi
  • Bittacus stigmaterus Say 1823 – United States
  • Issiki 1927 – Taiwan
  • Bittacus strigosus Hagen 1861 – United States
  • Byers 1996 – Mexico
  • Miyake 1913 – Japan
  • Penny 1969 – India
  • Miyamoto 1984 – Japan
  • Klug 1838 – Zimbabwe, South Africa
  • Bittacus texanus Banks 1908 – United States (Kansas, New Mexico, Texas)
  • Cheng 1957 – China (Chekiang)
  • Londt 1970 – South Africa
  • Issiki 1929 – Korea, Manchuria
  • Byers 1975 – Guinea, Malawi
  • Plutenko 1985 – Far Eastern Russia
  • Byers 1970 – China (Szechwan)
  • Smithers 1960 – Zimbabwe
  • Londt 1972 – South Africa
  • Esben-Petersen 1915 – South Africa
  • Esben-Petersen 1913 – Angola, Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia
  • Navás 1931 – Mozambique, Malawi, Zimbabwe, South Africa
  • Williner 1990 – Argentina
  • Londt 1972 – South Africa

Extinct species[]

References[]

  1. ^ Li, Sheng; Zhang, Weiwei; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong (September 2018). "A new species of hangingfly (Insecta: Mecoptera: Bittacidae) from the mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber". Cretaceous Research. 89: 92–97. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.03.005.
  2. ^ Whiting, Michael F. (2002). "Mecoptera is paraphyletic: multiple genes and phylogeny of Mecoptera and Siphonaptera". Zoologica Scripta. 31 (1): 93–104. doi:10.1046/j.0300-3256.2001.00095.x. ISSN 1463-6409.
  3. ^ a b Norman D. Penny (October 31, 1997). "World Checklist of Extant Mecoptera Species". California Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on February 12, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
  4. ^ Meenakshi Venkataraman. "Bittacus". Indian insects. Archived from the original on March 31, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2011.

Data related to Bittacus at Wikispecies

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