Blora Regency

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Blora Regency
Kabupaten Blora
Regency
Official seal of Blora Regency
Seal
Nickname(s): 
Mbloro (Javanese language)
Blora (Indonesian)
Motto(s): 
Sasana Jaya Kerta Bumi and MUSTIKA (Maju, Unggul, Sehat, Tertib, Indah, Kontinyu, Aman)
(Advanced, Superior, Healthy, Beautiful, Continuous, Secure)
Country Indonesia
Province Central Java
Incorporated (regency)11 December 1749
CapitalBlora
Government
 • Regent
 • Vice Regent
 • Chairman of the Regional Representatives Council
Area
 • Total1,820.59 km2 (702.93 sq mi)
Population
 (2020 Census)[1]
 • Total884,333
 • Density490/km2 (1,300/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+7 (WIB)
Area code(s)+62 296
Websiteblorakab.go.id

Blora (Javanese: ꦧ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦫ) is a regency in the northeastern part of Central Java province in Indonesia. Its capital is Blora. The regency is located in the easternmost part of Central Java, and borders the Bengawan Solo River and the East Java province. It covers an area of 1,820.59 km2 and it had a population of 829,728 at the 2010 Census[2] and 884,333 at the 2020 Census.[3]

Etymology[]

According to a folklore, the word Blora derived from the word belor which means mud. It then evolved into mbeloran, then blora.[4]

The word Blora literally means low, watery ground. It was derived from the word wai and lorah combined (wailorah), which means water and cliff, respectively. In the Javanese language, the W and B alphabet are often switched. So, after a while, wailorah became bailorah, then bailora, and then finally blora.[4]

History[]

Duchy of Jipang[]

Blora was under the administration of the in the 16th century, which was itself still ruled by the Demak Sultanate at the time. The duke of the duchy was Arya Penangsang, better known as Aria Jipang. The area under control of the duchy include Pati, Lasem, Blora, and Jipang. But, after Jaka Tingkir (Hadiwijaya) inherited the throne, the capital was moved into Pajang. After that, Blora was under the Kingdom of Pajang.[5]

Mataram Kingdom[]

The did not rule for long, because it was seized by the Mataram Kingdom. Blora was in the eastern part of the kingdom (Bang Wetan). During the reign of Pakubuwono I (1704–1719), Blora was given to his son, Pangeran Blitar, and appointed him as a duke. The area of Blora at that time was 22.5 km2. In 1719–1727, the Mataram Kingdom was led by Amangkurat IV, so Blora was under Amangkurat IV's rule.[5]

War of Mangkubumi[]

When Mataram was under the administration of Pakubuwono II (1727–1749), there was a rebellion led by Mangkubumi and Mas Sahid, Mangkubumi succeeded in controlling Sukawati, Grobogan, Demak, Blora, and Yogyakarta. Finally, Mangkubumi was appointed by the people to be a king in Yogyakarta.[5]

Incorporated as a regency[]

From the Pajang era to the Mataram era, Blora Regency was an important area for kingdoms. This was because Blora was known for its teak forests.[citation needed] News from and stated that Mangkubumi became a king on 11 December 1749, the day Blora Regency was created. Along with the appointment of Mangkubumi as a king, other officials were also appointed. The leader of the Mangkubumen warriors, , was appointed as the first regent of Blora. Blora's status changed from apanage into a regency on that same day.[5]

Sultanate of Surakarta[]

The War of Mangkubumi ended with the , in 1755, which was known as . Because with this agreement, Mataram was divided into two kingdoms, the Surakarta Sultanate under Paku Buwana III, and Yogyakarta, under Sultan Hamengkubuwono I. In the now-divided kingdom, Blora was in the Surakarta Sultanate as part of the Mancanegara Timur area. However, the regent of did not agree to join the sultanate, so he chose to resign from his position.[5]

Dutch East Indies[]

Resistance by the people against the Dutch, which was pioneered by the peasants, emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was caused by the worsening social and economic conditions of the rural population at that time. In 1882, a head tax was imposed by the Dutch, which was very burdensome for land owners (farmers). In other areas in Java, tax increases have led to peasant revolts, such as the in 1888.[5] Two years later, Saminism, a mystical religious sect, rose from the Randublatung region in Blora and Bojonegoro Regency in 1890,[4] and gained prominence in the early 20th century. Headed by a Javanese peasant, Surontiko Samin, it followed the teachings of the Islamic prophet Adam, but owed little to the religion.[6] Stressing the village structure, mysticism, and sexuality, it became an early protest movement, and was opposed to the local rulers as much as it was against the Dutch East Indies colonial administration, refusing to pay the new Dutch head tax.[6] After 1907, many followers were detained and arrested by the Dutch.[4] The movement survived until the 1960s.[6]

Geography[]

The regency has an area of 1,820.59 km2 (702.93 sq mi). Blora Regency consists of both lowland and hilly areas between 20–280 metres high above sea level. The northern part of the regency is a hilly area that forms a series of Northern Limestone Mountains as well as in the southern area (Kendeng Mountains) that stretches from east of Semarang to Lamongan (East Java). The capital of Blora Regency is located right on the slope of the Northern Limestone Mountains.[7]

Half of Blora Regency's area is forested, especially on the northern, eastern and southern region, while the central lowland is mainly used for agricultural purposes (rice fields). During the dry season, most of Blora Regency has a water supply shortage, either for drinking or irrigation, especially in limestone and mountainous areas. In the rainy season, several areas are prone to landslides.[7]

Locations[]

Adjacent regencies[]

Demographics[]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1961507,375—    
1971567,091+11.8%
1980696,523+22.8%
1990767,228+10.2%
2000826,229+7.7%
2005827,587+0.2%
2010829,728+0.3%
2015851,841+2.7%
2020884,333+3.8%
Source: [8][9][10][11][12][13][1]

Blora Regency had a population of 884,333 in 2020,[1] an increase of 54,605 since the 2010 census.[13] Almost all of the population is Muslim (98%).[14] The gender ratio in 2019 is 96.85 (males per 100 females).[15]

Administrative districts[]

Regent of Blora, Raden Toemenggoeng Ario Said, during colonial period. June 5, 1921.

Blora Regency is divided into 16 districts or kecamatan, sub-divided into 271 rural villages or desa, and 24 urban villages or kelurahan.[16] Before the division in the 2000s, Blora Regency (at that time the ) was divided into an administrative city, five regent assistants, 19 (nineteen) sub-districts, nine sub-district representatives, 429 rural villages or desa, and 26 urban villages or kelurahan.

Blora's districts (Kecamatan)
District Area
in
km2[16] 		Population
Census
2010 		Population
Census
2020[1] 		Population
density
in 2020
(per km2) 		Admin
centre
183.62 45,177 49,143 267.6 Doplang
211.13 73,969 77,649 367.8 Randublatung
109.51 38,721 41,062 375.0 Menden
106.86 54,220 57,447 537.6 Kedungtuban
Cepu 49.15 72,146 76,370 1,554.0 Cepu
88.75 24,933 27,659 311.7 Sambong
168.17 37,369 38,374 228.2 Jiken
49.81 23,548 24,805 498.0 Bogorejo
107.72 58,940 62,824 583.2 Jepon
Blora (town) 79.79 90,714 93,779 1,175.3 Blora
103.52 56,907 62,152 600.4 Banjarejo
101.82 44,828 47,981 471.2 Tunjungan
103.05 33,321 35,310 342.6 Japah
100.98 55,950 60,559 599.7 Ngawen
127.98 61,972 66,189 517.2 Kunduran
128.74 57,013 63,030 489.6 Todanan
Totals 1,820.59 829,728 884,333 485.7 Blora

Transportation[]

Ngloram Kapuan Airfield is located in Java
Ngloram Kapuan Airfield
Ngloram Kapuan Airfield
Location of Ngloram Kapuan Airfield.

An inter-provincial road passes through Blora, connecting Semarang, the capital of Central Java, to Surabaya, the capital of East Java via Purwodadi. It's actually the 2nd class road, because most people prefer Semarang-Surabaya via Rembang, due to the wider road there.

Blora is also situated on a southern railway connection that links most big cities in Java. However, Blora's main train station is located in Cepu District. Therefore, people often refer to the Cepu train station. Except for the two above, Blora is just like any other regencies in Java, which has several local public transportation services, such as bemo, becak, etc.[17]

Ngloram (Kapuan) Domestic Airport is at (Kapuan), Cepu District with a 900 metre long runway, located at

 WikiMiniAtlas
7°11′41″S 111°32′51″E / 7.19472°S 111.54750°E / -7.19472; 111.54750, built in 1978, but officially closed in 1980.[18] In 2013, expansion and land acquisition was still in progress.[19] Six years after that, the airport reactivation plan was started.[20]

Economy[]

Agriculture is the main sector of the economy. In the forestry sub-sector, Blora is one of the main producers of high quality teak wood in Java.[21]

The Cepu area has long been known as an area full of petroleum, which has been exploited since the Dutch East Indies era.[22] Blora received international attention in 2001 when oil reserves of ~250 million barrels were discovered in Cepu.[23] In March 2006, the contract between the government and contractors (PT. Pertamina EP Cepu, Exxon Mobil Cepu Ltd, and PT Cepu) was signed, and Exxon Mobil Cepu Ltd.) was appointed as the field operator, in accordance with the Joint Operating Agreement (JOA) of the three contractors. According to the latest developments, the Banyu Urip Field Plan of Development (POD) has been approved by the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources.[24]

Even though Blora is known for its teak forests and petroleum, which have been managed since the Dutch colonial era to the current Indonesian government, Blora is one of the poorest in Central Java. The ubiquitous natural resources in the regency are not able to raise the standard of living of its people. This is because all of the natural resources benefits the central government and company employees, most of which are outside Blora, without a clear program to improve the economy of the local people.[original research?]

Places of interest[]

  • Terawang Cave at Todanan district.
  • Kantor Pelayanan Pajaka Pratama
  • Cepu Forest Railway or Cepu Loko Tour with some Berliner Maschinenbau steam locomotives from Berlin, Germany, Central Europe at , Cepu district.
  • Tempuran reservoir in Blora City
  • Greneng reservoir in Tunjungan
  • Blora City Park in Blora City
  • Sarbini Park or Water Splash in Blora City
  • Tirtonadi Park in Blora City
  • Sculpture Satay Park in ,
  • Thousand Lights Park in
  • Samin Village in ,
  • Bentolo reservoir in Todanan
  • Randhakuning reservoir in Muraharjo Village,
  • Spring vegetables in Soko Village
  • Pencu Hill in Bogorejo District
  • Manggir Mountain in Ngumbul Village

Culture[]

Arts & festivals[]

is carried out in village and family agendas, such as sedekah bumi. It is performed either with or without a storyline.[25]

is often held in various agendas in Blora, usually held at weddings. In addition, Tayub Blora is often performed in annual village agendas. To preserve the culture of Blora, the local government held the Tayub Nusantara Festival at Tirtonadi Blora Park.[25]

or Terangan in Blora comes from districts that have a strong santri culture. It is growing rapidly in the Blora and Ngawen subdistrict. It is usually performed to fill recitation events, circumcisions and weddings. There are two types of Kadrohan, traditional and modern. Traditional hadro does not use melodic instruments. In the middle of the performance, the narration of Berjanjen or Manaqib Syeh Abdul Qodir Jailani is usually read.[25]

Karawitan is a traditional music that is often performed at weddings. The purpose is to entertain guests at weddings with Javanese music. The main instrument is a set of gamelan.[25]

Notable people[]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Badan Pusat Statistik Kab. Blora". blorakab.bps.go.id. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
  2. ^ Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
  3. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Kusuma, Ratih (2009). KAWASAN PERMUKIMAN SUKU SAMIN SEBAGAI OBJEK WISATA BUDAYA MINAT KHUSUS DI BLORA (PDF) (Thesis). Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. pp. 3 & 4.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Gambaran Umum - Website Pemerintah Kab Blora". www.blorakab.go.id. Retrieved 2020-10-02.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b c Turner, Peter (1997). Java (1st ed.). Melbourne: Lonely Planet. p. 315. ISBN 0-86442-314-4.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b "BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM" (PDF). Universitas Diponegoro: 1.
  8. ^ "Badan Pusat Statistik". www.bps.go.id. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
  9. ^ "Badan Pusat Statistik". www.bps.go.id. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
  10. ^ http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/pt/263261468044668076/text/multi-page.txt
  11. ^ "Badan Pusat Statistik". www.bps.go.id. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
  12. ^ "Badan Pusat Statistik Kab. Blora". blorakab.bps.go.id. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b "Indonesia: Central Java Province (Regencies and Cities) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
  14. ^ "Badan Pusat Statistik Kab. Blora". blorakab.bps.go.id. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
  15. ^ "Penduduk dan Tenaga Kerja - Website Pemerintah Kab Blora". www.blorakab.go.id. Retrieved 2020-10-12.
  16. ^ Jump up to: a b "BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM" (PDF). Diponegoro University: 1.
  17. ^ "JavaTourism.com – Java, Indonesia Travel and Tourism Information". Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  18. ^ "Bandar Udara Ngloram". Retrieved August 3, 2013.[permanent dead link]
  19. ^ "Pembebasan Lahan Bandara Ngloram". August 2, 2013. Archived from the original on October 24, 2014. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
  20. ^ developer, mediaindonesia com (2019-07-31). "Blora Genjot Pembangunan Transportasi". mediaindonesia.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2020-10-11.
  21. ^ Liputan6.com (2019-11-29). "Inovasi Produk Kayu Jati Blora Melawan Produk Jepara". liputan6.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  22. ^ Liputan6.com (2019-08-13). "Menyusuri Sejarah Industri Minyak Bumi di Blora". liputan6.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  23. ^ "ExxonMobil Will Not Receive Extension for Cepu Contract". www.rigzone.com. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  24. ^ "ExxonMobil and Pertamina Sign Joint Operating Agreement for Cepu Block". www.businesswire.com. 2006-03-15. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  25. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "5 KESENIAN KHAS KABUPATEN BLORA | BLORANEWS" (in Indonesian). 23 July 2016. Retrieved 2020-10-22.

Coordinates: 6°57′0″S 111°25′0″E / 6.95000°S 111.41667°E / -6.95000; 111.41667

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