Boeing P-8 Poseidon
P-8 Poseidon | |
---|---|
![]() | |
A U.S. Navy P-8 Poseidon | |
Role | Maritime patrol aircraft |
National origin | United States |
Manufacturer | Boeing |
First flight | 25 April 2009[1] |
Introduction | November 2013[2] |
Status | In service |
Primary users | United States Navy Indian Navy Royal Australian Air Force Royal Air Force |
Produced | 2009–present |
Number built | 122 as of May 2020[3] |
Developed from | Boeing 737 Next Generation |
The Boeing P-8 Poseidon (formerly Multimission Maritime Aircraft) is an American maritime patrol aircraft developed and produced by Boeing Defense, Space & Security, modified from the 737-800ERX. It was developed for the United States Navy (USN).
The P-8 operates in the anti-submarine warfare (ASW), anti-surface warfare (ASUW), and shipping interdiction roles. It is armed with torpedoes, Harpoon anti-ship missiles, and other weapons, can drop and monitor sonobuoys, and can operate in conjunction with other assets, including the Northrop Grumman MQ-4C Triton maritime surveillance unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).
The P-8 is operated by the United States Navy, the Indian Navy, the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), and the UK's Royal Air Force (RAF). It has also been ordered by the Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF), the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF), and the Republic of Korea Navy (ROKN).
Development[]
Origins[]
The Lockheed P-3 Orion, a turboprop ASW aircraft, has been in service with the United States Navy (USN) since 1962.[4] In the 1980s, the USN began studies for a P-3 replacement, the range and endurance of which were reduced due to increasing weight and airframe fatigue life limitations. The specification required a new aircraft to have reduced operating and support costs. In 1989, Lockheed was awarded a fixed-price contract to develop the P-7, but this was canceled the following year.[5] A second competition for a replacement began in 2000. Lockheed Martin submitted the Orion 21, an updated new-build version of the P-3.[6] Boeing's proposal was based on its 737-800 airliner.[7] BAE Systems offered a new-build version of the Nimrod MRA4, a British jet-powered maritime patrol aircraft. BAE withdrew from the competition in October 2002, recognizing that without a production partner based in the United States, the bid was politically unrealistic.[8] On 14 May 2004, Boeing was selected as the winner.[9]
In June 2004, the USN awarded a development contract to Boeing.[10] The project was planned to be for at least 108 airframes for the USN.[11] More orders are possible from the other nations operating over 200 P-3s. Project value is expected to be worth at least $15 billion. Raytheon, Northrop Grumman, Spirit AeroSystems, GE Aviation Systems, Marshall Aerospace and Defence Group, CFMI, BAE Systems, and Marotta are major subcontractors.[12] In July 2004, the USN placed an order for five aircraft, and the first flight-test aircraft was to be completed in 2009.[11] On 30 March 2005, it was assigned the P-8A designation.[13]
Design phase and testing[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Boeing_P-8A_rollout_30_July_2009.jpg/220px-Boeing_P-8A_rollout_30_July_2009.jpg)
The P-8 is to replace the P-3.[14] Initially, it was equipped with legacy systems with later upgrades to incorporate newer technology. The Government Accountability Office credited the incremental approach with keeping the project on schedule and on budget. The Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) deleted the requirement for the P-8A to be equipped with magnetic anomaly detection (MAD) equipment as a weight reduction measure, improving endurance. A hydrocarbon sensor detects fuel vapors from diesel-powered submarines and ships.[15]
The P-8's first flight was on 25 April 2009.[1] The second and third P-8s had flown and were in flight testing in early August 2010.[16] On 11 August 2010, low-rate production of the P-8 was approved.[17][18] A P-8 released sonobuoys for the first time on 15 October 2010, dropping six sonobuoys in three separate low-altitude passes.[19] In 2011, the ice detection system was found to be defective due to the use of counterfeit components; allegedly these parts were poorly refurbished and sold to subcontractor BAE Systems as new by a Chinese supplier.[20]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/P_8_and_P_3_over_Pax_River.jpg/220px-P_8_and_P_3_over_Pax_River.jpg)
On 4 March 2012, the first production P-8A was delivered to the USN, flying to Naval Air Station Jacksonville, Florida, for training with the Fleet Replacement Squadron (FRS), Patrol Squadron 30 (VP-30).[2] On 24 September 2012, Boeing announced a $1.9 billion order for 11 aircraft.[21] On 10 June 2013, a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Inspector General (IG) report recommended delaying full-rate production over a lack of key data to assess if the P-8 met operational requirements; additional tests were also needed to guarantee a 25-year lifespan.[22] Boeing executives dismissed the report, saying that the test program was on track.[23] In 2013, full-rate production was delayed until the P-8 could demonstrate it can survive its 25-year lifespan without structural fatigue, overcome deficiencies, track surface ships, and perform primary missions.[24]
On 24 June 2013, a P-8 successfully scored a direct hit with a live AGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missile during weapons integration testing.[25] On 1 July 2013, an initial operational test and evaluation (IOT&E) report found that the P-8A was "operationally effective, operationally suitable, and ready for fleet introduction." Six test and nine low-rate initial production aircraft had been delivered at that point.[26] On 31 July 2013, Boeing received a $2.04 billion contract to build 13 P-8As in the fourth low-rate initial production lot, for a fleet of 37 aircraft by the end of 2016, and long-lead parts for 16 P-8As of the first full-rate production lot.[27]
In January 2014, Naval Air Systems Command proceeded with full-rate production of the P-8A. Increment 1 systems include persistent ASW capabilities and an integrated sensor suite; in 2016, Increment 2 upgrades will add multi-static active coherent acoustics, an automated identification system, and high-altitude anti-submarine weapons.[28] Increment 3 in 2020 shall enable "net-enabled anti-surface warfare".[29]
In July 2014, Fred Smith, business development director for the P-8, noted that the program had: "saved $2.1 billion on 2004 estimates of the cost of production... the aircraft is now selling for $150 million, down from the forecasted $216 million".[30] The halving of USN orders from 16 aircraft per year down to 8 in 2015 due to the expiration of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 was expected to be partially offset by commercial 737 sales and P-8 export sales.[31] The DoD wants to follow a program template for the P-8 similar to the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program, with international cooperation from prospective users.[32]
Derivatives[]
In 2010, Boeing proposed to replace the United States Air Force's (USAF) E-8 Joint STARS fleet with a modified P-8 at the same cost Northrop Grumman proposed for re-engining and upgrading the E-8s.[33] The proposed P-8 Airborne Ground Surveillance (AGS) would integrate an active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar, and have ground moving target indicator (GMTI) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) capabilities. A key feature was a pod-mounted radar on the fuselage's lower centerline, positioned so the engine nacelles do not obstruct its line of sight. It reuses the P-8A's Raytheon AN/APY-10 multi-mission surface search radar. Two aft ventral fins increase stability.[33][34]
In 2013, Boeing proposed repackaging some of the P-8's systems in the smaller and less expensive Bombardier Challenger 600 series business jet, as the Boeing Maritime Surveillance Aircraft (MSA).[35] In 2014, Boeing also offered a JSTARS replacement based on the 737-700, rather than the P-8's 737-800.[36]
Design[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Lt._Levi_Ellis%2C_left_and_Lt._Bradley_Woods_pilot_a_P-8A_Poseidon_assigned_to_Patrol_Squadron_%28VP%29_47_as_part_of_a_sinking_exercise_%28SINKEX%29._%2848842239491%29.jpg/220px-Lt._Levi_Ellis%2C_left_and_Lt._Bradley_Woods_pilot_a_P-8A_Poseidon_assigned_to_Patrol_Squadron_%28VP%29_47_as_part_of_a_sinking_exercise_%28SINKEX%29._%2848842239491%29.jpg)
The P-8 is a militarized version of the 737-800ERX, a 737-800 with 737-900-based wings.[37] The fuselage is similar to, but longer than, the 737-700-based C-40 Clipper transport aircraft in service with the USN. The P-8 has a strengthened fuselage for low-altitude operations and raked wingtips similar to those fitted to the Boeing 767-400ER, instead of the blended winglets available on 737NG variants.[38] In order to power additional onboard electronics, the P-8 has a 180kVA electric generator on each engine, replacing the 90kVA generator of civilian 737s; this required the redesigning of the nacelles and their wing mountings.[39] The P-8 has a smoother flight experience, subjecting crews to less turbulence and fumes than the preceding P-3, allowing them to concentrate better on missions.[40]
The P-8 features the Raytheon APY-10 multi-mission surface search radar;[41] the P-8I features an international version of the APY-10.[42] Unlike the preceding P-3, the P-8 lacks a magnetic anomaly detector (MAD) due to its higher operational altitude;[43] its acoustic sensor system is reportedly more effective at acoustic tracking and thus lacking a MAD will not impede its detection capabilities;[44] India's P-8I is equipped with a MAD per the contract request.[45] Various sensor data are combined via data fusion software to track targets.[46] Following the cancellation of Lockheed Martin's Aerial Common Sensor project, Boeing proposed a signals intelligence variant of the P-8 for the USN's requirement.[47] During the P-8A Increment 2 upgrade in 2016, the APS-149 Littoral Surveillance Radar System (LSRS) will be replaced by the Advanced Airborne Sensor radar.[48]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/U.S._Navy_helps_search_for_Malaysia_Airlines_flight_MH370.jpg/220px-U.S._Navy_helps_search_for_Malaysia_Airlines_flight_MH370.jpg)
The five operator stations (two naval flight officers plus three enlisted Aviation Warfare Operators/naval aircrewman) are mounted in a sideways row, along the port side of the cabin. None of the crew stations have windows; a single observer window is located on each side of the forward cabin.[39] A short bomb bay for torpedoes and other stores opens behind the wing. The P-8 is to be equipped with the High Altitude Anti-Submarine Warfare Weapon Capability (HAAWC) Air Launch Accessory (ALA), turning a Mark 54 torpedo into a glide bomb for deploying from up to 30,000 ft (9,100 m).[43]
In U.S. service, the P-8A is complemented by the MQ-4C Triton unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) which provides continuous surveillance. In January 2015, BAE Systems was awarded a contract for the USN's High Altitude ASW (HAASW) Unmanned Targeting Air System (UTAS) program to develop a sub-hunting UAV equipped with a MAD for launching from the P-8.[43]
The P-8 cannot use the hose-and-drogue in-flight refueling method, instead featuring a flying boom receptacle on the upper-forward fuselage, making it, like the USN's E-6 Mercury TACAMO aircraft, reliant on USAF KC-135 Stratotanker, KC-10 Extender and KC-46 Pegasus aircraft for in-flight refueling. In April 2017, the USAF 459th Air Refueling Wing worked with the Naval Air Systems Command to certify operationally the P-8 for in-flight refueling.[49] For extended endurance, six additional fuel tanks from Marshall Aerospace are housed in the forward and rear cargo compartments.
Operational history[]
United States[]
In February 2012, the P-8 made its mission debut during "Bold Alligator" 2012, an annual littoral warfare exercise.[50] In April 2012, it took part in Exercise Joint Warrior, flying out of RAF Lossiemouth.[51] During RIMPAC 2012 in the Hawaiian area, two P-8As participated in 24 scenarios as part of Air Test and Evaluation Squadron One (VX-1) while forward deployed to Marine Corps Base Hawaii.[52] On 29 November 2013, its inaugural deployment began when six aircraft and 12 air crews of squadron VP-16 departed its home station of NAS Jacksonville, Florida, for Kadena Air Base in Okinawa, Japan.[53] This deployment was a pre-planned regional re-balancing action, but occurred shortly after China's establishment of the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone, heightening tensions.[54]
During exercises in 2012 and 2013, and an overseas deployment to Japan, the P-8 reportedly exhibited radar, sensor integration, and data transfer problems, leading to additional testing. In January 2014, the Pentagon's Director of Operational Test and Evaluation office called the P-8A "ineffective" for large area ISR and ASW missions, and said that it was not ready for deployment.[55] The same report found that the P-8 was effective at the small-area search mission, and with much better range, speed, and reliability than older aircraft.[56] Pentagon acquisition undersecretary Frank Kendall disputed the report, saying that although its findings are factual, it did not acknowledge future capability upgrades for anti-submarine and wider-area surveillance.[57]
A second squadron, VP-5, completed its transition to the P-8 in August 2013.[53] During mid-2014, a pair of P-8s were dispatched to Perth, Australia for two months for an international search for the missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.[58] On 2 October 2015, USN P-8s stationed at Naval Air Station Jacksonville, Florida, alongside U.S. Coast Guard HC-144A Ocean Sentry, HC-130H and USAF Reserve HC-130P Combat Shadow aircraft, searched the Eastern Caribbean Sea for the missing SS El Faro cargo ship that sank on 1 October in the Category 3 Hurricane Joaquin near Crooked Island in the Bahamas.[59] On 20 February 2018, a P-8 of Patrol Squadron Eight (VP-8) rescued three fishermen whose vessel had been adrift in the South Pacific Ocean for eight days, deploying a search and rescue (SAR) kit containing supplies and communications equipment, the first time that a P-8 deployed a SAR kit in a real operation.[60]
On 19 August 2014, a Chinese Shenyang J-11 fighter came within 30 feet (9.1 m) of a USN P-8A of VP-5 about 135 miles (217 km) east of Hainan Island while patrolling the South China Sea. The J-11 flew past the P-8's nose and performed a barrel roll at close proximity.[61] A Pentagon spokesperson said the J-11's unit had made close intercepts earlier that year.[62] The U.S. sent a diplomatic note to China about the behavior of the Chinese fighter group's commander.[63] China stated that the claims were "totally groundless", and that the root cause was U.S. surveillance of China;[64] the U.S. stated it will continue to operate in international airspace and waters.[65] In November 2016, a Russian Su-30 fighter intercepted a P-8 operating over the Black Sea, coming within 5 feet (1.5 m) of it, forcing the P-8 through its jet wash, causing a "a 15-degree roll and violent turbulence".[66]
USN P-8s routinely rotate through bases of allies.[67] In September 2014, the Malaysian government offered the use of bases in East Malaysia for P-8s, but no flights have yet been approved.[68] On 7 December 2015, P-8s were deployed to Singapore as part of a Defense Cooperation Agreement between the US and Singapore for "fighting terrorism and piracy."[69] China criticized the Singapore deployment as "regional militarization by the U.S."[70] The third detachment of two P-8s based in Paya Lebar Air Base, Singapore, participated in naval military drills with the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) in mid 2016.[71]
India[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Boeing_P-8I_of_the_Indian_Navy.jpg/220px-Boeing_P-8I_of_the_Indian_Navy.jpg)
In January 2008, Boeing proposed the P-8I, a customized export variant of the P-8A, for the Indian Navy.[72] It features two major components not fitted on the P-8A, a Telephonics APS-143 OceanEye aft radar and a magnetic anomaly detector (MAD).[73] On 4 January 2009, India's Ministry of Defence signed a US$2.1 billion agreement with Boeing for eight P-8Is to replace the Indian Navy's aging Tupolev Tu-142M maritime surveillance turboprops.[74] It was Boeing's first military sale to India and the P-8's first international customer.[75] In October 2010, India's Defence Acquisition Council approved the purchase of four additional P-8Is;[76] contract signature followed in July 2016 with deliveries expected to start from 2020.[77] In 2011, India planned to order twelve more P-8Is at a later date; in 2019, this was cut to eight to ten due to a limited budget.[78][79] In November 2019, the Indian government approved the procurement of six more P-8Is.[80] In April 2021, the US Department of State approved a possible Foreign Military Sale of six more P-8Is to India pending Congressional approval.[81]
The Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) Data Link II communications allows the P-8I to exchange tactical data between Indian Navy aircraft, ships and shore establishments;[82] it also features an integrated BEL-developed IFF system.[83] India has purchased AGM-84L Harpoon Block II missiles and Mk 54 All-Up-Round Lightweight torpedoes for the P-8I.[84] In July 2012, Boeing began flight testing of the P-8I.[85] On 19 December 2012, the first P-8I was handed over at Boeing's facility in Seattle;[86] it was inducted into the Indian Navy on 15 May 2013.[87] The type is based at INS Rajali, in Tamil Nadu.[88] In 2014, several Indian Navy P-8Is conducted search operations for the missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.[73] The Indian Navy inducted the first squadron in November 2015.[89] P-8Is participated in the 2017 Doklam Standoff between Indian Army and China's People's Liberation Army. The Indian Navy also used the P-8I to monitor the Pakistani Army during the 2019 Pulwama standoff.[90]
Australia[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Royal_Australian_Air_Force_%28A47-010%29_Boeing_P-8A_Poseidon_conducting_a_touch-and-go_at_Canberra_Airport_%283%29.jpg/220px-Royal_Australian_Air_Force_%28A47-010%29_Boeing_P-8A_Poseidon_conducting_a_touch-and-go_at_Canberra_Airport_%283%29.jpg)
On 20 July 2007, the Australian Minister for Defence announced that the P-8A was the preferred aircraft to replace the Royal Australian Air Force fleet of Lockheed AP-3C Orions in conjunction with a then yet-to-be-selected unmanned aerial vehicle. The last AP-3C is scheduled to be retired in 2018, after nearly 30 years of service.[91][92] In March 2009, Australia's Chief of Air Force stated that, subject to government approval, the RAAF would introduce the P-8 in 2016.[93] In October 2012, Australia formalized its participation, committing A$73.9m (US$81.1m) in an agreement with the USN.[94] In July 2013, Air Marshal Geoff Brown, head of the RAAF, said Australia was considering buying more P-8s and fewer MQ-4C Triton UAVs than earlier planned.[95] On 21 February 2014, Prime Minister Tony Abbott announced the intention to procure eight P-8s plus options for four more; entry into service is planned for 2021.[96]
In July 2014, negotiations commenced between Boeing and the US Department of Defense to integrate the AGM-84 Harpoon Block 1G anti-ship missile onto the P-8A on Australia's behalf.[97] In August 2014, the USN concluded an advanced acquisition contract on the first four of up to 12 P-8As to be bought by Australia, with delivery expected from 2017.[98] In January 2016, Australia ordered a further four P-8s.[99] The 2016 Defence White Paper stated that eight P-8s would be in service in the early 2020s and that 15 P-8s are planned for by the late 2020s.[100] Including support facilities, the first group of eight aircraft's total cost is estimated at $3.6 billion (AU$4 billion).[101]
The RAAF accepted its first P-8 on 27 September 2016;[102] it arrived in Australia on 14 November.[103] The RAAF has received 12 P-8As by 13 December 2019.[104] The Australian Government approved ordering of two additional aircraft on 30 December 2020. The option to acquire a 15th aircraft may not be taken up.[105]
United Kingdom[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/First_RAF_Poseidon.jpg/220px-First_RAF_Poseidon.jpg)
In August 2012, it was reported that Boeing saw the United Kingdom as a market for the P-8,[106] following the cancellation of the Nimrod MRA4.[107] On 23 November 2015, the UK announced its intention to order nine P-8s in the Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015.[108] They are to be based at RAF Lossiemouth, Scotland and shall protect the UK's nuclear deterrent and aircraft carriers, as well as perform search-and-rescue and overland reconnaissance missions.[109]
On 25 March 2016, the U.S. State Department approved a proposed Foreign Military Sale to the UK for up to nine P-8s and associated support.[110] The Royal Air Force (RAF) plans to operate the P-8 with U.S. weapons initially, and may transition to British weapons later.[111] It is unclear whether the UK will have access to future ground-surveillance capabilities developed for the P-8.[112] On 11 July 2016, Boeing announced the signing of a $3.87 billion (£3 billion) contract for nine P-8s and support infrastructure; spread across three production lots over a ten-year period, with deliveries commencing in 2019.[113][114] The RAF has the service name Poseidon MRA1.[115] They will be operated by No. 120 Squadron and No. 201 Squadron.[116][117] The first Poseidon MRA1 (ZP801) made its initial flight on 13 July 2019.[118] The UK took delivery of the first aircraft named Pride of Moray, at Boeing's Seattle facility on 29 October. It arrived at Kinloss Barracks in February 2020 before relocating to RAF Lossiemouth in October 2020,[119][120] along with ZP802 which was delivered on 13 March 2020.[121] The RAF declared the P-8 had reached initial operating capability (IOC) on 1 April 2020.[122] As of February 2021, five of the nine aircraft have been delivered.[123]
Norway[]
In March 2014, Norwegian newspaper Dagbladet reported that the Royal Norwegian Air Force is considering leasing aircraft from Boeing as No. 333 Squadron RNoAF's six P-3 Orions were becoming increasingly difficult to keep operational.[124] In June 2016, Norwegian newspaper Verdens Gang reported that the Norwegian government would buy four new surveillance aircraft in its long-term defense plan; the P-8 was seen as the main option.[125] In December 2016, the U.S. State Department approved the sale with congressional approval pending.[126] On 29 March 2017, Norway signed a contract for five P-8As, to be delivered between 2022 and 2023.[127] On 13 July 2021, Boeing rolled out first P-8As Poseidon aircraft from the paint shop for Norway. [128]
New Zealand[]
Boeing publicly identified the Royal New Zealand Air Force as a potential customer in 2008, as a replacement for its P-3 Orions, due for replacement in 2025.[129] In April 2017, the U.S. State Department approved the possible foreign military sale of up to four P-8As with equipment and support, valued at US$1.46 billion.[130][131] In July 2018, the New Zealand government announced the purchase of four P-8As, to begin operations in 2023.[132] Four P-8As were ordered in March 2019.[133] The RNZAF is planning to operate the type for at least 30 years.[134] In September 2020 the inaugural Royal New Zealand Air Force crew for the P-8A graduated training at Jacksonville Florida, USA.[135] This crew will then qualify as instructors to train the first RNZAF crews back in New Zealand.
South Korea[]
In May 2013, it was announced that the Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) was commencing a ₩1 trillion (equivalent to ₩1.05 trillion or US$929.13 million in 2017)[136] procurement program to acquire up to 20 new ASW aircraft to replace the Republic of Korea Navy's fleet of 16 P-3Cs; possible candidates included the C-295 MPA, P-8, Saab Swordfish and the SC-130J Sea Hercules.[137] DAPA considered procuring 12 to 20 ex-USN Lockheed S-3 Vikings.[138] In 2017, the ROKN canceled plans to purchase refurbished S-3s.[139][140]
On 26 June 2018, it was announced that DAPA had selected the P-8 and would acquire six aircraft through the US Foreign Military Sales program.[141] On 13 September 2018, the US state department stated it supported the sale of 6 P-8s and notified Congress.[142] South Korea ordered six P-8As in March 2019 and expected to be completed by June 2020.[133]
Potential operators[]
Canada[]
Boeing identified that the Royal Canadian Air Force's fleet of 18 CP-140 Auroras (Canadian variant of the P-3 Orion) would begin to reach the end of their service life by 2025. Boeing offered the Challenger MSA, a smaller and cheaper aircraft based on the Bombardier Challenger 650 integrating many of the P-8's sensors and equipment, to complement but not replace the CP-140s. Boeing's Aurora replacement offer was the P-8A with modifications specific to Canadian operations.[143][144]
In 2019, Canada announced the start of a project to replace its CP-140 Aurora aircraft, named "Canadian Multimission Aircraft Project". Under the requirements, the Canadian Armed Forces need a manned, long-range platform, capable of providing C4 ISR and ASW with the ability to engage/control and to fully integrate with other ISR and ASW assets. The project is valued at greater than C$5 Billion.[145]
Germany[]
The US Department of State approved a possible Foreign Military Sale of five P-8As with associated equipment to Germany for an estimated cost of $1.77 billion. The US Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) notified US Congress of the possible sale on 12 March 2021.[146][147][148] On 23 June 2021, Germany approved the purchase of five P-8A Poseidons worth $1.31 billion.[149] Germany is to retire its existing P-3C Orions when the P-8s are delivered.[150]
Italy[]
Italy indicated interest in purchasing P-8s, with fleet support provided by Alitalia, in 2004.[151] However, in December 2008, Italy announced the purchase of four ATR 72 aircraft to replace its aging Atlantic maritime patrol fleet,[152] possibly as a temporary solution because Italy remained interested in the P-8.[153]
Malaysia[]
In December 2017, the Royal Malaysian Air Force's Brigadier General Yazid Bin Arshad announced it had shortlisted four aircraft types to replace the force's aging fleet of Beechcraft Super King Air maritime patrol aircraft; these are the EADS CASA C-295 from Airbus, the P-8 from Boeing, ATR 72 MP from ATR, and the CASA/IPTN CN-235, possibly provided by either Airbus or Indonesian Aerospace, which acquired a licence to produce it. Arshad added that: "these four types are shortlisted, the door is not closed yet", indicating other options may be possible.[154]
NATO[]
In April 2019, Boeing was reported to be in exploratory talks with various NATO allies to offer the P-8 as a NATO-shared interim solution to provide European allies with its capabilities until domestic capabilities could be secured by 2035.[155]
Saudi Arabia[]
In 2017, Boeing announced it had signed several agreements with Saudi Arabia, which intends to order P-8 aircraft.[156] The International Institute for Strategic Studies reported in 2019 that a Saudi order for the type was still pending.[157]
Turkey[]
In 2016, Turkey indicated that it planned to acquire a new MMA aircraft to supplement existing assets, the P-8A being the main candidate based on the required performance.[158]
Variants[]
- P-8A Poseidon – Production variant developed for the United States Navy.
- P-8I Neptune – Export variant for the Indian Navy[74] with a CAE Inc AN/ASQ-508A Magnetic Anomaly Detector (MAD) and a Griffon Corporation Telephonics APS-143C(V)3 multi mode aft radar added.[159][160]
- Poseidon MRA1 – Royal Air Force designation for the P-8A.[115]
- P-8 AGS – An Airborne Ground Surveillance variant proposed to the USAF in 2010 as replacement to the E-8 Joint STARS fleet; equipped with a pod-mounted, active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar.[33]
Operators[]
Australia
- Royal Australian Air Force – 12 P-8A aircraft received as of 13 December 2019[104]
- RAAF Base Edinburgh, South Australia
- No. 11 Squadron[161]
- No. 292 Squadron (Operational Conversion Unit)[161]
- RAAF Base Edinburgh, South Australia
India
- Indian Navy –10 P-8I Neptune aircraft in service as of July, 2021[89] with 2 more scheduled to be delivered by late 2021.[77][162][163] 6 more aircraft have been cleared for sale to India, under the FMS program, in May, 2021, at an estimated cost of $ 2.42 billion. [164]
- INS Rajali, Tamil Nadu
New Zealand
- Royal New Zealand Air Force – 4 P-8As on order, with deliveries beginning in 2022.[133]
Norway
- Royal Norwegian Air Force – 5 P-8A Maritime Multimission Aircraft (MMA) on order, with deliveries from 2022 to 2023.[127] [166]
South Korea
- Republic of Korea Navy – 6 P-8As on order, with deliveries to begin in 2022.[133]
United Kingdom
- Royal Air Force – 9 Poseidon MRA1s on order[114][167] with 5 delivered as of February 2021.[168]
- RAF Lossiemouth, Moray, Scotland
United States
- United States Navy – 98 P-8As delivered through January 2019[170] with 128 aircraft on order in April 2021.[171]
- Dallas Love Field, Texas
- BUPERS SDC Dallas[172]
- Naval Air Station Jacksonville, Florida[173]
- Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland[173]
- Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, Washington[173]
- Dallas Love Field, Texas
Specifications (P-8A)[]
Data from United States Navy,[174][175] Boeing,[37] and others[39]
General characteristics
- Crew: Flight: two; Mission: seven
- Capacity: 19,800 lb (9,000 kg)
- Length: 129 ft 5 in (39.47 m)
- Wingspan: 123 ft 6 in (37.64 m)
- Height: 42 ft 1 in (12.83 m)
- Empty weight: 138,300 lb (62,730 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 189,200 lb (85,820 kg)
- Powerplant: 2 × CFM56-7B27A turbofans, 27,300 lbf (121 kN) thrust each
Performance
- Maximum speed: 564 mph (907 km/h, 490 kn)
- Cruise speed: 509 mph (815 km/h, 440 kn)
- Combat range: 1,381 mi (2,222 km, 1,200 nmi) ; 4 hours on station (for anti-submarine warfare mission)
- Ferry range: 5,200 mi (8,300 km, 4,500 nmi)
- Service ceiling: 41,000 ft (12,496 m)
Armament
- Hardpoints: 11 total
- internal bay with 5 hardpoints and 6 external hardpoints for a variety of conventional weapons, e.g. AGM-84H/K SLAM-ER, AGM-84 Harpoon, Mark 54 torpedo, mines, depth charges, and the High Altitude Anti-Submarine Warfare Weapon system[176]
Avionics
- Raytheon APY-10 multi-mission surface search radar[41]
- AN/ALQ-240 Electronic Support Measures Suite[177]
- AN/APS-154 Advanced Airborne Sensor[178]
See also[]
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
- Airbus A319 MPA/MMA
- BAE Systems Nimrod MRA4
- Kawasaki P-1
Related lists
References[]
Notes[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Boeing P-8A Poseidon successfully completes 1st flight." Archived 30 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine Boeing, 27 April 2009.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Majumdar, Dave. "Picture: Boeing delivers first production P-8A." Archived 11 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine Flight International, 8 March 2012.
- ^ "Boeing delivers 100th P-8A Poseidon to US Navy". Naval Technology. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
- ^ Bailey, John (1–7 August 1990). "Lockheed loses to Survive". Flight International. 138 (4227). Sutton, Surrey, England: Reed Business Publishing Group. pp. 20–21. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the original on 13 February 2015. "page 21". Archived from the original on 13 February 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
- ^ "Boeing 737 MMA." Flug Revue, 17 June 2004.
- ^ Cortes, Lorenzo and Amy Butler. "Boeing wins Navy's $3.88 Billion MMA bid over Lockheed Martin." Defense Daily, 15 June 2004.
- ^ Lewis, Paul. "BAE pulls out of MMA competition; Lack of US partner prompts Nimrod MRA4 withdrawal." Flight International, 8 October 2002, p. 5.
- ^ LeMond-Holman, Ellen et al. "Boeing team wins $3.89 Billion multi-mission Maritime Aircraft Program." Archived 18 June 2004 at the Wayback Machine Boeing, 14 May 2004.
- ^ "Boeing to develop Navy's multi-mission maritime aircraft." Archived 4 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine U.S. Navy, 15 June 2004.
- ^ Lemond, Ellen, Chick Ramey and Debiie Gann. "Boeing-led Poseidon team begins production of first P-8A fuselage." Archived 7 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine Boeing, 12 December 2007.
- ^ Hatcher, Renee. "MMA is designated P-8A." Archived 20 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine U.S. Navy Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), 1 April 2005.
- ^ Freedberg, Sydney J. Jr. "Navy's P-8 Sub Hunter Bets On High Altitude, High Tech; Barf Bags Optional." AOL Defense, 2 October 2012.
- ^ GAO-09-326SP "Assessments of major weapon programs." Archived 30 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine GAO.
- ^ Ramey, Chick and Doug Abbotts. "Boeing P-8A Poseidon aircraft T3 enters flight test." Archived 15 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine Boeing, 2 August 2010.
- ^ Trimble, Stephen. "Boeing P-8A approved to launch production." Archived 9 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine Flight International, 13 August 2010.
- ^ "P-8A Poseidon milestone reached." Archived 20 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine AirForces Monthly, 13 August 2010.
- ^ Goettee, Liz. "U.S. Navy Boeing P-8A Poseidon launches first sonobuoys." Archived 12 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 22 October 2010.
- ^ Reed, John. "Counterfeit Parts found on the P-8." defensetech.org, 8 November 2011.
- ^ "Boeing Receives $1.9 Billion Contract for 11 P-8A Poseidon Aircraft." Archived 2 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine Boeing, 24 September 2012.
- ^ Audit: Submarine Hunter Needs ‘Critical’ Testing Archived 28 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine – Defensetech.org, 12 July 2013
- ^ Boeing Dismisses Pentagon's P-8 Poseidon Audit Archived 24 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine – Defensetech.org, 17 June 2013
- ^ McGarry, Brendan. "Navy P-8 Deal Tops $17 Billion in July Awards." Archived 7 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine Dodbuzz.com, 6 August 2013.
- ^ P-8 Poseidon fires first Harpoon anti-ship missile Archived 15 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine – Flightglobal.com, 9 July 2013
- ^ P-8A judged ready for fleet introduction Archived 13 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine – Flightglobal.com, 9 July 2013
- ^ Boeing receives $2bn contract to build 13 P-8As Archived 5 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine – Flightglobal.com, 1 August 2013
- ^ Troubled P-8A Poseidon enters full production Navytimes.com, 27 January 2014.
- ^ Norris, Guy (24 April 2014). "Increasing P-8A Capability". Aviation Week & Space Technology. Penton. Archived from the original on 24 April 2014.
- ^ "Boeing Sees UK C-17 Lease as Model for P-8". Defense News. 15 July 2014.[dead link]
- ^ Hemmerdinger, Jon (9 April 2014). "Reduced P-8 buy to affect price, not fleet plan". FlightGlobal. Reed Business Information. Archived from the original on 11 April 2014.
- ^ Baglole, Joel (7 June 2011). "P-8 Poseidon: Future aircraft of the U.S. Navy". About.com. Archived from the original on 10 July 2011.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Trimble, Stephen. "Boeing pitches P-8 variant to replace JSTARS." Archived 8 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine Flight International, 18 February 2010.
- ^ Cohen, Aubrey. "Boeing looks to sell more 737-based military jets." Archived 24 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine Seattle PI, 9 June 2011.
- ^ "Maritime Surveillance Aircraft: Boeing selects a Bombardier 'Bizjet', the Challenger 605, as the preferred airframe for its proposed MSA". Canadian American Strategic Review. July 2013. Archived from the original on 23 September 2013.
- ^ Boeing Eyes 737-700 Solution for New JSTARS – Defensenews.com, 12 September 2014
- ^ Jump up to: a b "P-8A Poseidon" Archived 25 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Boeing. Retrieved: 6 July 2007.
- ^ Warwick, Graham. "New MMA wingtips combat icing." Archived 19 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine Flight International, 7 June 2005. Retrieved: 12 September 2012.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Reed Business Information Limited. "CUTAWAY: P-8A Poseidon – A Boeing with boost of bravado". flightglobal.com. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
- ^ Navy's P-8 Sub Hunter Bets On High Altitude, High Tech; Barf Bags Optional Archived 8 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine – Breakingdefense.com, 2 October 2012
- ^ Jump up to: a b "AN/APY-10 maritime, littoral and overland surveillance radar." Archived 10 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine Raytheon, 2011.
- ^ "Raytheon to develop international version of APY-10 radar for P-8I." Archived 30 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine Theasiandefence.blogspot.com, 18 July 2010. Retrieved: 13 March 2011.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c BAE Systems to develop MAD ASW drone to help Navy P-8A find submarines from high altitudes Archived 19 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Militaryaerospace.com, 14 January 2015.
- ^ Navy: P-8A's Acoustic Sensor System Twice as Effective as the P-3's Archived 27 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine – Seapowermagazine.org, 14 April 2015
- ^ How The Navy's Latest Anti-Submarine Aircraft Sees Under The Waves Archived 21 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine – Businessinsider.com, 27 November 2014
- ^ "Boeing: P-8A Poseidon". boeing.com. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
- ^ Wastnage, Justin. "Boeing unveils new 737 signals intelligence concept." Archived 22 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine Flight International, 26 January 2006. Retrieved: 12 September 2012.
- ^ Boeing P-8A Begins Advanced Airborne Sensor Testing Archived 17 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine – Defense-Update.com, 17 April 2014
- ^ Justen, Tech. Sgt., Kat. "Air Force, Navy conduct first P-8A refueling mission". Air Mobility Command. Archived from the original on 8 August 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
- ^ Cavas, Christopher P. (7 February 2012). "P-8A makes debut in 'Bold Alligator' exercise". Navy Times. Archived from the original on 5 September 2012.
- ^ Crowther, Stuart. "Senior RAF officer reveals MoD may be considering Nimrod replacement." Archived 24 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine STV Local, 18 April 2012.
- ^ "VX-1 flies P-8 Poseidon during RIMPAC 2012 (NNS120729-04)." Archived 30 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine RIMPAC Public Affairs, 29 July 2012.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Poseidon's inaugural deployment starts Friday". Navy Times. 27 November 2013.
- ^ "Navy P-8A Surveillance Planes Deploy to Tense Pacific" Archived 7 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine. DoDBuzz.com, 3 December 2013
- ^ Capaccio, Tony (23 January 2014). "Boeing Surveillance Plane Not Yet Effective, U.S. Tester Finds". Bloomberg Businessweek. Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014.
- ^ Cenciotti, David (25 January 2014). "The Navy's $35-Billion Surveillance Plane Has Lots of Flaws". Medium. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014.
- ^ "Top Weapons Buyer Disputes P-8 Testing Woes". Military.com. 28 January 2014. Archived from the original on 29 January 2014.
- ^ Schogol, Jeff (13 March 2014). "Navy adjusts effort in search for missing Malaysian airliner". Navy Times. Gannett Government Media.
- ^ Ashley Halsey III, "Navy finds ship that sank near Bahamas in Hurricane Joaquin" Archived 5 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Post, 2 November 2015.
- ^ Tatchio, Danielle (21 February 2018). "VP-8 Fighting Tigers Rescue Fishermen Lost at Sea for 8 Days in South Pacific". Archived from the original on 27 May 2018.
- ^ Whitlock, Craig (22 August 2014). "Pentagon: China tried to block U.S. military jet in dangerous mid-air intercept". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 22 August 2014.
- ^ Burns, Robert; Baldor, Lolita C. (22 August 2014). "Pentagon Cites 'Dangerous' Chinese Jet Intercept". ABC News. ABC News Internet Ventures. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014.
- ^ Lubold, Gordon (22 August 2014). "Call Sign 'Rogue': Pentagon Says One Chinese Commander Responsible for Spate of Air Confrontations". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014.
- ^ "China urges U.S. to stop close-in surveillance". Xinhua News Agency. 23 August 2014. Archived from the original on 23 August 2014.
Hutzler, Charles (23 August 2014). "Beijing Denies Fighter Flew Dangerously Close to U.S. Patrol Plane". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company, Inc. Archived from the original on 26 August 2017. - ^ Gertz, Bill (26 August 2014). "Pentagon: No Plan to Reduce Spy Flights". Washington Free Beacon. Archived from the original on 27 August 2014.
- ^ Browne, Ryan; Cohen, Zachary. "Russian jet flies within 5 feet of US Navy plane, Pentagon says". CNN. Archived from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
- ^ Shalal-Esa, Andrea and Eveline Danubrata. "U.S. Navy may station ships in Singapore, Philippines." Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine Reuters, 16 December 2011.
- ^ "U.S. says Malaysia offers to host spy planes that irk China" Archived 14 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Reuters, 13 September 2014.
- ^ "US to deploy Poseidon spy plane amid South China Sea territory tensions". The Guardian. 7 December 2015. Archived from the original on 24 August 2016.
- ^ "China Decries US P-8 Deployment in Singapore as 'Regional Militarization'." Archived 9 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine The Diplomat, 9 December 2015.
- ^ Post, The Jakarta. "US spy planes deployed in Singapore till next month for exercises". Archived from the original on 1 August 2016.
- ^ Pandit, Rajat. "India eyes $2b defence deal with US." Archived 19 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine The Times of India, 29 January 2008.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Indian Navy pleased with P-8I performance on first op deployment". SP's Aviation. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Pandit, Rajat. "India inks largest-ever defence deal with US." Archived 14 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine The Times of India, 5 January 2009.
- ^ Ratnam, Gopal and Edmond Lococo. "Boeing to sell eight reconnaissance planes to India." Bloomberg, 6 January 2009.
- ^ Raman, P.K. "Navy stamps blue Water presence across IOR, bolsters capacity with induction of MiG-29k, INS Shivalik." Archived 1 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine India: Press Information Bureau English Releases, 2010.
- ^ Jump up to: a b DiMascio, Jen (28 July 2016). "India Orders Four More P-8I Aircraft". Aviation Week & Space Technology. Archived from the original on 29 July 2016.
- ^ Luthra, Gulshan. "Indian Navy to induct 24 Boeing P8-I maritime reconnaissance aircraft." Archived 6 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine India Strategic, December 2011.
- ^ Shukla, Ajai (10 May 2019). "Flat budget means Navy has fewer Sea Guardian drones, P-8I aircraft". Business Standard. Archived from the original on 14 May 2019.
- ^ "Deck cleared for 6 more P-8I sub-hunters". . New Delhi. 28 November 2019.
- ^ "India approved to buy six more P-8I maritime patrol aircraft for $2.42bn".
- ^ "Boeing to use BEL designed Datalink-II." Archived 16 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine The Siasat Diary, 12 May 2010.
- ^ "BEL supplies P-8I aircraft equipment to Boeing." Archived 27 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine The Hindu, 23 December 2010.
- ^ "Indian Navy gets its most sophisticated system yet in P8-I Maritime Aircraft" Archived 1 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine. India Strategic, January 2013.
- ^ "Боинг" начал программу летных испытаний первого самолета БПА Р-8I "Нептун" ВМС Индии: Boeing launched the first aircraft flight test program BKA p-8I "Neptune" Indian Navy (in Russian)." Archived 11 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine flotprom, 13 July 2012.
- ^ "Navy gets first long-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft." Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine The Times of India. Retrieved: 9 January 2013.
- ^ "Navy Inducts Boeing Poseidon-8I to Tighten Coastal Security" Archived 16 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine. TimesofIndia.com, 15 May 2013.
- ^ "Indian Navy receives second P8I maritime patrol aircraft". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 16 November 2013. Archived from the original on 19 November 2013.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Diplomat, Franz-Stefan Gady. "India Inducts First Squadron of Anti-Submarine Warfare Plane". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 9 November 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
- ^ "Came to know of Navy's P-8I aircraft's capabilities during Doklam episode: CDS General Bipin Rawat". Times of India. 17 February 2020.
- ^ "First pass approval for Orion replacement." Archived 1 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine The Hon. Dr Brendan Nelson, Minister for Defence, 20 July 2007.
- ^ "Asia Pacific: Avalon 2009: Australia looks set to join P-8 programme." Jane's. Retrieved: 29 August 2012.
- ^ "Address to the Air Power Conference." Archived 13 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine Minister of Defence (Australia), 10 May 2012.
- ^ Waldron, Greg. "Australia signs A$73.9m deal to participate in P-8A development." Archived 8 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine Flight International, 5 October 2012.
- ^ "Australia plans to procure more P-8 Poseidon MPA than planned, reducing MQ-4C Triton UAS order" Archived 20 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine – Airrecognition.com, 18 July 2013.
- ^ "Abbott government to spend $4b on new patrol aircraft". Canberra Times. 21 February 2014. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014.
- ^ "Australia pushes for Harpoon integration on P-8As." Archived 29 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine Flightglobal.com, 29 July 2014.
- ^ "USN contracts for first four Australian P-8As." Archived 11 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine Flightglobal.com, 27 August 2014.
- ^ "Boeing secures deal for 20 US and Australian P-8 Poseidons". flightglobal.com. 29 January 2016. Archived from the original on 14 September 2016.
- ^ 2016 Defence White Paper (PDF). Australia: Commonwealth of Australia. 2016. pp. 87, 94. ISBN 978-0-9941680-5-4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 April 2016.
- ^ "Boeing to Produce 4 Anti-Submarine Warfare Planes for Australia". The Diplomat. 24 July 2016. Archived from the original on 28 July 2016.
- ^ Watson, Sean (6 October 2016). "First Poseidon off the rank". Air Force. Department of Defence. p. 3.
- ^ "First Poseidon touches down". Australian Defence Magazine. 17 November 2016. Archived from the original on 18 November 2016.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Dominguez, Gabriel (13 December 2019). "RAAF receives 12th Boeing P-8A Poseidon aircraft". Jane's 360.
- ^ McLaughlin, Andrew (30 December 2020). "Australia orders two additional Boeing P-8A Poseidons". ADBR. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
- ^ "UK eyes maritime surveillance aircraft." AirForces Monthly, August 2012, p. 5.
- ^ Osborne, Anthony (12 September 2013). "U.K. Maritime Patrol Capability Re-Enters The Fray". Aviation Week. Archived from the original on 17 January 2014.
- ^ "National Security Strategy and Strategic Defence and Security Review" (PDF). Ministry of Defence. 23 November 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 November 2015.
- ^ "U.K. To Buy 138 F-35s, Will Boost Fighter Squadrons". Aviation Week. 23 November 2015. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016.
- ^ "United Kingdom – P-8A Aircraft and Associated Support". Defense Security Cooperation Agency. 25 March 2016. Archived from the original on 2 April 2016.
- ^ "US, UK Still Discussing Anti-Sub Gap Options". Defense News. 19 April 2016.
- ^ "U.K. Strives To Become More Reliable Defense Partner". Aviation Week. 26 November 2015. Archived from the original on 1 February 2018.
- ^ "Boeing agrees surveillance aircraft deal with UK". Financial Times. 12 July 2016.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Hotten, Russell (11 July 2016). "Boeing signs £3bn deal for nine marine patrol planes". BBC News. Archived from the original on 15 July 2018.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Post relating to the Poseidon MRA Mk.1". Facebook. Royal Air Force. 20 August 2018. Archived from the original on 22 April 2019.
- ^ "Defence Secretary announces new Maritime Patrol Aircraft squadrons". Ministry of Defence. 13 July 2017. Archived from the original on 13 July 2017.
- ^ Allison, George (30 October 2019). "First P-8 Poseidon handed over to Royal Air Force".
- ^ "Poseidon, The UK's New Maritime Patrol Aircraft, Takes To The Skies". Royal Air Force. 13 July 2019. Archived from the original on 13 July 2019.
- ^ "First of RAF's new UK submarine hunters lands in Scotland". BBC News. 4 February 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
- ^ Chorley, Dan (13 October 2020). "RAF Poseidon MRA1 arrives at RAF Lossiemouth for the first time". Royal Air Force. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ Jennings, Gareth (13 March 2020). "Second RAF Poseidon arrives in UK". Janes.com. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ "RAF Declare Poseidon an Initial Operating Capability". raf.mod.uk. 3 April 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
- ^ "Fifth new P-8 Poseidon Maritime Patrol Aircraft lands in UK". UK Defence Journal. 3 February 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
- ^ "Norge vurderer å lease overvåkningsfly fra USA". Dagbladet.no. 14 March 2014. Archived from the original on 19 March 2014.
- ^ "Regjeringens plan: Slik blir det nye Forsvaret". vg.no. Archived from the original on 19 June 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
- ^ "State Dept approves P-8A aircraft sale to Norway". upi.com. Archived from the original on 27 March 2017. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Norge har inngått kontrakt om kjøp av fem nye P-8A Poseidon maritime patruljefly". Regjeringen.no. 29 March 2017. Archived from the original on 30 March 2017.
- ^ GDC (14 July 2021). "Boeing rolled out first P-8A Poseidon Aircraft for Norway". Global Defense Corp. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "Boeing identifies 14 nations for P-8A exports" Archived 22 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Flight Global, 18 June 2008.
- ^ "New Zealand – P-8A Aircraft and Associated Support". Defense Security Cooperation Agency. Washington, DC. 28 April 2017. Archived from the original on 6 May 2017.
- ^ Waldron, Greg (2 May 2017). "New Zealand requests details about P-8A Poseidon". Flight Global. Singapore. Archived from the original on 6 May 2017.
- ^ "New Zealand to buy Boeing P-8 patrol planes to boost South Pacific surveillance". Reuters. 9 July 2018. Archived from the original on 24 September 2018.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Jennings, Gareth (1 March 2019). "Poseidons for South Korea and New Zealand placed under contract". Jane's 360. London. Archived from the original on 1 March 2019.
- ^ "Future Air Surveillance Capability Maritime Patrol Aircraft". New Zealand Ministry of Defence. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
- ^ "Defence capability projects | Ministry of Defence Website". www.defence.govt.nz. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
- ^ 1906 to 1911: Williamson J., Nominal Wage, Cost of Living, Real Wage and Land Rent Data for Korea 1906-1939 1912 to 1939: Mizoguchi, T. (1972). CONSUMER PRICES AND REAL WAGES IN TAIWAN AND KOREA UNDER JAPANESE RULE. Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, 13(1), 40-56. Retrieved May 21, 2021. Afterwards, consumer Price index from Statistics Korea. Consumer Price Index by year. Retrieved 3 April 2018
- ^ Kang Seung-woo (26 May 2013). "Korea to but 20 anti-sub aircraft". The Korea Times. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
- ^ "South Korea to pave way for further S-3 Viking sales". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 6 June 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
- ^ Perrett, Bradley; Kim, Minseok (16 March 2017). "S. Korea Eyeing P-8, Swordfish As S-3 Upgrade Dropped". Aviation Week. Melbourne, Australia and Seoul. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017.
- ^ Waldron, Greg (18 October 2017). "ADEX: Big MPAs hunt for Seoul maritime requirement". Flight Global. Seoul. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017.
- ^ "Boeing Wins Deal for Korea's Next Maritime Patrol Plane". The Chosun Ilbo. 26 June 2018.
- ^ "Korea – P-8A Aircraft and Associated Support". US DSCA. 13 September 2018. Archived from the original on 24 September 2018.
- ^ "Boeing's MSA lands in Ottawa". vanguardcanada.com. 29 July 2015. Archived from the original on 16 September 2016.
- ^ "Boeing pitches Canada on a new multi-mission aircraft". espritdecorps.ca. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
- ^ "Canadian Multimission Aircraft". Forces.gc.ca. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
- ^ "Germany – P-8A Aircraft and Associated Support". dsca.mil. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "Germany – P-8A Aircraft and Associated Support" (PDF). Defense Security Cooperation Agency. 12 March 2021.
- ^ Reim, Garrett. "Germany approved to buy five Boeing P-8A maritime patrol aircraft". Flight Global. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
- ^ "Germany approves purchase of five Boeing P-8A Poseidon". Navy Recognition. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "Germany bought five P-8 Poseidon worth 1.1 billion euros". Global Defense Corp. 2 July 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "U.S. MMA decision reverberates in Italy". Aviation Week & Space Technology, 21 June 2004.
- ^ "Eyes Forward: Italy chooses ATR 72s for sea surveillance, but still awaits UAV type selection". Aviation Week and Space Technology, 15 December 2008.
- ^ Alegi, G. Dedalonews "Quattro ATR 72 da pattugliamento marittimo" (in Italian). Archived 15 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine l’Aeronautica Militare, 12 December 2008.
- ^ Ridzwan, Rahmat (19 December 2017). "Malaysia discloses line of aircraft shortlisted for maritime patrol requirements". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 26 December 2017.
- ^ Tigner, Brooks (5 April 2019). "NATO considers Boeing P-8 maritime patrol aircraft as temporary gap filler until 2035". Jane's 360. Brussels. Archived from the original on 5 April 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
- ^ "Boeing Co signs defense, commercial deals with Saudi Arabia". reuters. 21 May 2017. Archived from the original on 21 May 2017.
- ^ Waldwyn, Tom (4 March 2019). "P-8A Poseidon: leading a revived maritime patrol market". Military Balance Blog. IISS. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
- ^ Burak Ege Bekdil (25 May 2016). "Turkish Navy Mulls Buying Long-Range Patrol Aircraft". Defense News.
- ^ "P-8I Multimission Maritime Patrol Aircraft". www.naval-technology.com.
- ^ "Telephonics to Supply Aft Radar for India's P-8i Maritime Patrol Aircraft". www.telephonics.com.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "No. 292 Squadron – Preparing the hunter". Royal Australian Air Force. 21 March 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ Gurung, Shaurya Karanbir (17 February 2020). "Starting April, Indian Navy to induct 4 more P8I reconnaissance aircrafts [sic]". The Economic Times. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
- ^ "www.financialexpress.com".
- ^ "India requests sale of six P-8I maritime patrol aircraft from US". naval-technology.com.
- ^ "INAS 312 – The Albatross". Indian Navy. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ dBr, Stephan. "Production of the first Viking Poseidon has started". scramble.nl.
- ^ "UK receives first Poseidon MRA1". Jane's 360. Retrieved 31 October 2019.
- ^ "5th P8 Poseidon delivered to the RAF". raf.mod. 3 April 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Jennings, Gareth (2 February 2021). "Fifth RAF Poseidon arrives in UK". Janes.com. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ "Boeing: Commercial". boeing.com. Archived from the original on 31 August 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
- ^ "US Navy Orders 11 More P-8A Poseidon Maritime Patrol Aircraft". 1 April 2021.
- ^ "Scramble exclusive: BUPERS Orions and Poseidons". Scramble Magazine (Facebook). 16 August 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "Orbat:USN - CONUS". Scramble. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ "P-8A Multi-mission maritime aircraft." Archived 11 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine United States Navy, 25 January 2007. Retrieved: 15 March 2011.
- ^ "P-8A Poseidon fires Harpoon, hits mark". NAVAIR News. Naval Air Systems Command. 5 July 2013. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
- ^ "US Navy to start P-8 operational tests in the summer"Archived 19 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Flightglobal.com
- ^ "AN/ALQ-240(V)1 Airborne Maritime Patrol Systems". northropgrumman.com. Archived from the original on 12 February 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
- ^ Trevithick, Joseph (4 May 2020). "Behold These Awesome Shots Of A Navy P-8A Poseidon Carrying Its Big Secretive Radar Pod". The Drive. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
Bibliography[]
- Endres, Günter (2001). The Illustrated Directory of Modern Commercial Aircraft. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7603-1125-7.
- Norris, Guy; Wagner, Mark (1999). Modern Boeing Jetliners. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Zenith Imprint. ISBN 978-0-7603-0717-5.
- Shaw, Robbie (1999). Boeing 737-300 to 800. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7603-0699-4.
External links[]
![]() |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Boeing P-8 Poseidon. |
- Official website
- P-8 NAVAIR page and P-8 fact file on Navy.mil
- P-8A Poseidon – Australian International Airshow 2009
- Boeing P-8A Poseidon Maritime Patrol Aircraft (MPA) Multi-mission Maritime Aircraft (MMA) on navyrecognition.com
- Dominic Gates (2 May 2018). "Boeing's P-8 is the 737 with missiles, sonar and a specialty in hunting submarines". The Seattle Times.
- Boeing 737
- 2000s United States patrol aircraft
- Twinjets
- Low-wing aircraft
- Aircraft first flown in 2009
- Boeing military aircraft