Book of the Later Han

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Not to be confused with Book of Han.
Book of the Later Han
後漢書（宋紹興）.jpg
First page of the book
AuthorFan Ye et al
Original title後漢書
CountryChina
LanguageClassical Chinese
SubjectAncient Chinese history (Han dynasty)
Publication date
5th century
Book of the Later Han
Traditional Chinese後漢書
Simplified Chinese后汉书

The Book of the Later Han, also known as the History of the Later Han and by its Chinese name Hòu Hànshū (Chinese: 後漢書), is one of the Twenty-Four Histories and covers the history of the Han dynasty from 6 to 189 CE, a period known as the Later or Eastern Han. The book was compiled by Fan Ye and others in the 5th century during the Liu Song dynasty, using a number of earlier histories and documents as sources.

Background[]

In 23 CE, Han dynasty official Wang Mang was overthrown by a peasants' revolt known as the Red Eyebrows.[1] His fall separates the Early (or Western) Han Dynasty from the Later (or Eastern) Han Dynasty.

As an orthodox history the book is unusual in being completed over two hundred years after the fall of the dynasty. Fan Ye's primary source was the Dongguan Han Ji 東觀漢記 (Han Records of the Eastern Lodge), which was written during the Han dynasty itself.[2]

Contents[]

The book is part of four early historiographies of the Twenty-Four Histories canon, together with the Records of the Grand Historian, Book of Han and Records of the Three Kingdoms. Fan Ye used earlier histories, including accounts by Sima Qian and Ban Gu, along with many others (some had similar names, such as the Han Records of the Eastern Lodge by various contemporaries throughout the 2nd century, and the Records of Later Han by Yuan Hong from the 4th century), most of which did not survive intact.

The section on the Treatise on the Western Regions was based on a report composed by Ban Yong (with a few later additions) and presented to Emperor An of Han in around 125. It presumably includes notes from his father Ban Chao. It forms the 88th chapter (or 118th chapter in some editions)[3] of the Book of the Later Han, and is a key source for the cultural and socio-economic data on the Western Regions, including the earliest accounts of Daqin (the Roman Empire), and some of the most detailed early reports on India and Central Asia. It contains a few references to events occurring after the death of Emperor An, including a brief account of the arrival of the first official envoys from Rome in 166.[4]

Fan Ye, himself, clearly says that the new information contained in this section on the Western Regions, is largely based on information from the report of Ban Yong:

"Ban Gu has recorded in detail the local conditions and customs of each kingdom in the former book [Book of Han or 'History of the Former Han Dynasty']. Now, the reports of the Jianwu period [25-56] onwards recorded in this 'Chapter on the Western Regions' differ from the earlier [ones by Ban Gu]; they are from Ban Yong's report [presented] at the end of [the reign of] Emperor An [107-125], and so on."[5]

Annals (紀)[]

# Title Translation Notes
Volume 1 (Part 1) 卷一上 光武帝紀 第一上 Annals of Emperor Guangwu Emperor Guangwu of Han
Volume 1 (Part 2) 卷一下 光武帝紀 第一下 Annals of Emperor Guangwu Emperor Guangwu of Han
Volume 2 卷二 顯宗孝明帝紀 第二 Annals of Emperor Xianzong Xiaoming Emperor Ming of Han
Volume 3 卷三 肅宗孝章帝紀 第三 Annals of Emperor Suzong Xiaozhang Emperor Zhang of Han
Volume 4 卷四 孝和孝殤帝紀 第四 Annals of Emperor Xiaohe; Emperor Xiaoshang Emperor He of Han; Emperor Shang of Han
Volume 5 卷五 孝安帝紀 第五 Annals of Emperor Xiao'an Emperor An of Han
Volume 6 卷六 孝順孝沖孝質帝紀 第六 Annals of Emperor Xiaoshun; Emperor Xiaochong; Emperor Xiaozhi Emperor Shun of Han; Emperor Chong of Han; Emperor Zhi of Han
Volume 7 卷七 孝桓帝紀 第七 Annals of Emperor Xiaohuan Emperor Huan of Han
Volume 8 卷八 孝靈帝紀 第八 Annals of Emperor Xiaoling Emperor Ling of Han
Volume 9 卷九 孝獻帝紀 第九 Annals of Emperor Xiaoxian Emperor Xian of Han; Liu Bian
Volume 10 (Part 1) 卷十上 皇后紀 第十上 Annals of Empresses Guo Shengtong; Empress Yin Lihua; Empress Ma; Consort Jia; Empress Dou; Empress Yin; Empress Deng Sui
Volume 10 (Part 2) 卷十下 皇后紀 第十下 Annals of Empresses Empress Yan Ji; Empress Liang Na; Beautiful Lady Yu; Lady Chen; Empress Yan Ming; Empress Liang Nüying; Empress Deng Mengnü; Empress Dou Miao; Empress Dong; Empress Song; Empress He; Empress Fu Shou; Empress Cao Jie

Biographies (列傳)[]

# Title Translation Notes
Volume 11 卷十一 劉玄劉盆子列傳 第一 Biographies of Liu Xuan; Liu Penzi
Volume 12 卷十二 王劉張李彭盧列傳 第二 Biographies of Wang, Liu, Zhang, Li, Peng, Lu Wang Chang (王昌); Liu Yong (劉永); Pang Meng (龐萌); (張步); (王閎); (李憲); (彭寵); (盧芳)
Volume 13 卷十三 隗囂公孫述列傳 第三 Biographies of ; Gongsun Shu
Volume 14 卷十四 宗室四王三侯列傳 第四 Biographies of the Imperial Clan, Four Princes and Three Marquises Liu Yan; (劉興); (劉良); (劉祉); (劉歙); (劉賜); (劉順); (劉嘉)
Volume 15 卷十五 李王鄧來列傳 第五 Biographies of Li, Wang, Deng, Lai (李通); (王常); (鄧晨); (來歙)
Volume 16 卷十六 鄧寇列傳 第六 Biographies of Deng, Kou Deng Yu; (寇恂)
Volume 17 卷十七 馮岑賈列傳 第七 Biographies of Feng, Cen, Jia Feng Yi; (岑彭); (賈復)
Volume 18 卷十八 吳蓋陳臧列傳 第八 Biographies of Wu, Gai, Chen, Zang Wu Han; (蓋延); Chen Jun (陳俊); (臧宮)
Volume 19 卷十九 耿弇列傳 第九 Biography of Geng Yan
Volume 20 卷二十 銚期王霸祭遵列傳 第十 Biographies of ; ; Zhai Zun
Volume 21 卷二十一 任李萬邳劉耿列傳 第十一 Biographies of Ren, Li, Wan, Pi, Liu, Geng (任光); (李忠); (萬脩); (邳彤); (劉植); (耿純)
Volume 22 卷二十二 朱景王杜馬劉傅堅馬列傳 第十二 Biographies of Zhu, Jing, Wang, Du, Ma, Liu, Fu, Jian, Ma (朱祐); (景丹); (王梁); (杜茂); (馬成); (劉隆); (傅俊); Jian Tan (堅鐔); (馬武)
Volume 23 卷二十三 竇融列傳 第十三 Biography of (竇融); Dou Gu; Dou Xian; (竇章)
Volume 24 卷二十四 馬援列傳 第十四 Biography of Ma Yuan
Volume 25 卷二十五 卓魯魏劉列傳 第十五 Biography of Zhuo, Lu, Wei, Liu (卓茂); (魯恭); (魏霸); (劉寬)
Volume 26 卷二十六 伏侯宋蔡馮趙牟韋列傳 第十六 Biographies of Fu, Hou, Song, Cai, Feng, Zhao, Mou, Wei (伏湛); (侯霸); (宋弘); (蔡茂); (郭賀); (馮勤); (趙憙); (牟融); (韋彪)
Volume 27 卷二十七 宣張二王杜郭吳承鄭趙列傳 第十七 Biographies of Xuan, Zhang, two Wangs, Du, Guo, Wu, Cheng, Zheng, Zhao (宣秉); (張湛); (王丹); (王良); (杜林); (郭丹); (吳良);  [zh] (承宮); (鄭均); (趙典)
Volume 28 (Part 1) 卷二十八上 桓譚馮衍列傳 第十八上 Biographies of Huan Tan; Feng Yan
Volume 28 (Part 2) 卷二十八下 馮衍傳 第十八下 Biography of Feng Yan (馮豹)
Volume 29 卷二十九 申屠剛鮑永郅惲列傳 第十九 Biographies of ; ;
Volume 30 (Part 1) 卷三十上 蘇竟楊厚列傳 第二十上 Biographies of ; Yang Hou
Volume 30 (Part 2) 卷三十下 郎顗襄楷列傳 第二十下 Biographies of ;
Volume 31 卷三十一 郭杜孔張廉王蘇羊賈陸列傳 第二十一 Biographies of Guo, Du, Kong, Zhang, Lian, Wang, Su, Yang, Jia, Lu (郭伋); Du Shi; (孔奮); (張堪); (廉范); (王堂); (蘇章); (羊續); (賈琮); Lu Kang (陸康)
Volume 32 卷三十二 樊宏陰識列傳 第二十二 Biographies of ;
Volume 33 卷三十三 朱馮虞鄭周列傳 第二十三 Biographies of Zhu, Feng, Yu, Zheng, Zhou (朱浮); (馮魴); (虞延); (鄭弘); (周章)
Volume 34 卷三十四 梁統列傳 第二十四 Biography of Liang Tong
Volume 35 卷三十五 張曹鄭列傳 第二十五 Biographies of Zhang, Cao, Zheng Zhang Chun; (張奮); (曹褒); Zheng Xuan
Volume 36 卷三十六 鄭范陳賈張列傳 第二十六 Biographies of Zheng, Fan, Chen, Jia, Zhang (鄭興); (鄭衆); (范升); (陳元); (賈逵); (張霸); (張楷); Zhang Ling; (張玄)
Volume 37 卷三十七 桓榮丁鴻列傳 第二十七 Biographies of ,
Volume 38 卷三十八 張法滕馮度楊列傳 第二十八 Biographies of Zhang, Fa, Teng, Feng, Du, Yang Zhang Zong (張宗); Fa Xiong (法雄); (滕撫); (馮緄); (度尚); (楊璿)
Volume 39 卷三十九 劉趙淳于江劉周趙列傳 第二十九 Biographies of Liu, Zhao, Chunyu, Jiang, Liu, Zhou, Zhao (劉平); (趙孝); (淳于恭); (江革); (劉般); (周磐); (趙咨)
Volume 40 (Part 1) 卷四十上 班彪列傳 第三十上 Biography of Ban Biao
Volume 40 (Part 2) 卷四十下 班彪列傳 第三十下 Biography of Ban Biao Ban Gu
Volume 41 卷四十一 第五鍾離宋寒列傳 第三十一 Biographies of Diwu, Zhongli, Song, Han (第五倫); (鍾離意); (宋均); (寒朗)
Volume 42 卷四十二 光武十王列傳 第三十二 Biographies of Ten Princes of Guangwu (劉彊); (劉輔); (劉康); (劉延); (劉焉); Liu Ying; (劉蒼); (劉荊); (劉衡); (劉京)
Volume 43 卷四十三 朱樂何列傳 第三十三 Biographies of Zhu, Yue, He (朱暉); (孫穆); (樂恢); (何敞)
Volume 44 卷四十四 鄧張徐張胡列傳 第三十四 Biographies of Deng, Zhang, Xu, Zhang, Hu Deng Biao (鄧彪); (張禹); (徐防); (張敏); (胡廣)
Volume 45 卷四十五 袁張韓周列傳 第三十五 Biographies of Yuan, Zhang, Han, Zhou Yuan An; Yuan Jing (袁京); (袁敞); (張酺); (韓棱); (周榮)
Volume 46 卷四十六 郭陳列傳 第三十六 Biographies of Guo, Chen (郭躬); (陳寵)
Volume 47 卷四十七 班梁列傳 第三十七 Biographies of Ban, Liang Ban Chao; (梁慬)
Volume 48 卷四十八 楊李翟應霍爰徐列傳 第三十八 Biographies of Yang, Li, Di, Ying, Huo, Yuan, Xu (楊終); (李法); (翟酺); (應奉); Ying Shao; (霍諝); (爰延); (徐璆)
Volume 49 卷四十九 王充王符仲長統列傳 第三十九 Biographies of Wang Chong, Wang Fu,
Volume 50 卷五十 孝明八王列傳 第四十 Biographies of Eight Princes of Xiaoming (劉建); (劉羨); (劉恭); Liu Dang (劉黨); (劉衍); (劉暢); (劉昞); (劉長)
Volume 51 卷五十一 李陳龐陳橋列傳 第四十一 Biographies of Li, Chen, Pang, Chen, Qiao (李恂); (陳禪); (龐參); (陳龜), Qiao Xuan
Volume 52 卷五十二 崔駰列傳 第四十二 Biography of
Volume 53 卷五十三 周黃徐姜申屠列傳 第四十三 Biographies of Zhou, Huang, Xu, Jiang, Shentu (周燮); (黃憲); (徐稺); (姜肱); (申屠蟠)
Volume 54 卷五十四 楊震列傳 第四十四 Biography of
Volume 55 卷五十五 章帝八王傳 第四十五 Biographies of Eight Princes of Emperor Zhang (劉伉); Liu Quan (劉全); Liu Qing; (劉壽); (劉開); (劉淑); (劉萬歳); (劉勝)
Volume 56 卷五十六 張王種陳列傳 第四十六 Biographies of Zhang, Wang, Zhong, Chen (張晧); (王龔); (種暠); (陳球)
Volume 57 卷五十七 杜欒劉李劉謝列傳 第四十七 Biographies of Du, Luan, Liu, Li, Liu, Xie (杜根); (欒巴); (劉陶); (李雲); (劉瑜); (謝弼)
Volume 58 卷五���八 虞傅蓋臧列傳 第四十八 Biographies of Yu, Fu, Gai, Zang (虞詡); (傅燮); (蓋勳); (臧洪)
Volume 59 卷五十九 張衡列傳 第四十九 Biography of Zhang Heng
Volume 60 (Part 1) 卷六十上 馬融列傳 第五十上 Biography of Ma Rong
Volume 60 (Part 2) 卷六十下 蔡邕列傳 第五十下 Biography of Cai Yong
Volume 61 卷六十一 左周黃列傳 第五十一 Biographies of Zuo, Zhou, Huang (左雄); (周舉); (周勰); (黃瓊); (黃琬)
Volume 62 卷六十二 荀韓鍾陳列傳 第五十二 Biographies of Xun, Han, Zhong, Chen ; Xun Shuang; Xun Yue; (韓韶); (鍾皓); Chen Shi (陳寔); (陳紀)
Volume 63 卷六十三 李杜列傳 第五十三 Biographies of Li, Du Li Gu (李固); (杜喬)
Volume 64 卷六十四 吳延史盧趙列傳 第五十四 Biographies of Wu, Yan, Shi, Lu, Zhao (吳祐); (延篤); (史弼); Lu Zhi; Zhao Qi
Volume 65 卷六十五 皇甫張段列傳 第五十五 Biographies of Huangfu, Zhang, Duan (皇甫規); (張奐); (段熲)
Volume 66 卷六十六 陳王列傳 第五十六 Biographies of Chen, Wang Chen Fan; Wang Yun
Volume 67 卷六十七 黨錮列傳 第五十七 Biographies of Partisan Prohibitions (劉淑); Li Ying; (杜密); (劉佑); Wei Lang (魏朗); (夏馥); (宗慈); (巴肅); (范滂); (尹勳); (蔡衍); (羊陟); (張儉); (岑晊); (陳翔);  [zh] (苑康); (檀敷); (劉儒); (賈彪); He Yong
Volume 68 卷六十八 郭符許列傳 第五十八 Biographies of Guo, Fu, Xu (郭泰); (符融); Xu Shao
Volume 69 卷六十九 竇何列傳 第五十九 Biographies of Dou, He Dou Wu; He Jin
Volume 70 卷七十 鄭孔荀列傳 第六十 Biographies of Zheng, Kong, Xun (鄭泰); Kong Rong; Xun Yu
Volume 71 卷七十一 皇甫嵩朱鑈列傳 第六十一 Biographies of Huangfu Song, Zhu Jun
Volume 72 卷七十二 董卓列傳 第六十二 Biography of Dong Zhuo
Volume 73 卷七十三 劉虞公孫瓚陶謙列傳 第六十三 Biographies of Liu Yu, Gongsun Zan, Tao Qian
Volume 74 (Part 1) 卷七十四上 袁紹劉表列傳 第六十四上 Biographies of Yuan Shao, Liu Biao
Volume 74 (Part 2) 卷七十四下 袁紹劉表列傳 第六十四下 Biographies of Yuan Shao, Liu Biao
Volume 75 卷七十五 劉焉袁術呂布列傳 第六十五 Biographies of Liu Yan, Yuan Shu, Lü Bu
Volume 76 卷七十六 循吏列傳 第六十六 Biographies of Upright Officials (衛颯); (王景); (秦彭); (王渙); (許荊); (孟嘗); (第五訪); (劉矩); (劉寵); (仇覽); Tong Hui (童恢); (弟翊)
Volume 77 卷七十七 酷吏列傳 第六十七 Biographies of Cruel Officials (董宣); (樊曄); (李章); (周錙); (黃昌); (陽球); (王吉)
Volume 78 卷七十八 宦者列傳 第六十八 Biographies of Eunuchs Zheng Zhong (鄭眾); Cai Lun; Sun Cheng; Cao Teng; (單超); Hou Lan; Cao Jie; Shen Zhong (審忠); (呂強); Zhang Rang
Volume 79 (Part 1) 卷七十九上 儒林列傳 第六十九上 Biographies of Confucian Scholars Liu Kun (劉昆); (子軼); (窪丹); (陽鴻); (任安); (楊政); (張興); (戴憑); (魏滿); (孫期); (歐陽歙); (曹曾); (宋登); (張馴); (尹敏); (周防); (孔僖); (楊倫)
Volume 79 (Part 2) 卷七十九下 儒林列傳 第六十九下 Biographies of Confucian Scholars (高詡); (包鹹); (魏應); (伏恭); (任末); (景鸞); Xue Han (薛漢); (杜撫); Zhao Xun (召馴); (楊仁); (趙曄); (時山); Dong Jun (董鈞); (丁恭); (周澤); (張堪); Zhong Xing (鐘興); (甄宇); (樓望); (程曾); (張玄); (李育); (何休); (服虔); (穎容); (謝該); Xu Shen; (蔡玄)
Volume 80 (Part 1) 卷八十上 文苑列傳 第七十上 Biographies of Writers (杜篤); Wang Long (王隆); (夏恭); (傅毅); (黃香); (劉毅); (李尤); (蘇順); (劉珍); (葛龔); Wang Yi (王逸); (崔琦); (邊韶)
Volume 80 (Part 2) 卷八十下 文苑列傳 第七十下 Biographies of Writers (張升); (仕郡); (趙壹); (劉梁); (邊讓); (酈炎); Hou Jin (侯瑾); (高彪); (張超); Mi Heng
Volume 81 卷八十一 獨行列傳 第七十一 Biographies of Loners (譙玄); (李業); (劉茂); (溫序); (彭修); (索盧放); (周嘉); (範式); (李善); (王忳); (陵續); (李充); (繆肜); (陳重); (雷義); (范冉); (戴就); (趙苞); (向栩); (諒輔); (劉翊); (王烈)
Volume 82 (Part 1) 卷八十二上 方術列傳 第七十二上 Biographies of Alchemists (任文公); (郭憲); (許楊); (高獲); (王喬者); (謝夷吾); (楊由); (李南); (��合); (馮冑); (段翳); (廖扶); (折像); (樊英)
Volume 82 (Part 2) 卷八十二下 方術列傳 第七十二下 Biographies of Alchemists (唐檀); (公沙穆); (許曼); (趙彥); (樊志張); Shan Yang (單揚); (韓說); (董扶); (郭玉); Hua Tuo; (徐登); Fei Changfang (費長房); (薊子訓); (劉根); Zuo Ci; (計子勳); (王和平)
Volume 83 卷八十三 逸民列傳 第七十三 Biographies of Hermits (向長); (逢萌); (周黨); (王霸); Yan Guang (嚴光); (井丹); Liang Hong (梁鴻); (高鳳); (台佟); (韓康); (矯慎); (戴良); Fa Zhen (法真); (龐公)
Volume 84 卷八十四 列女傳 第七十四 Biographies of Exemplary Women
Volume 85 卷八十五 東夷列傳 第七十五 Treatise on the Dongyi Fuyu; Yilou; Gaojuli; Woju; Huimo; Sanhan; Wo
Volume 86 卷八十六 南蠻西南夷列傳 第七十六 Treatise on the Nanman, Southwestern Barbarians
Volume 87 卷八十七 西羌傳 第七十七 Treatise on the Western Qiang Qiang
Volume 88 卷八十八 西域傳 第七十八 Treatise on the Western Regions Yutian; Tiaozhi; Anxi; Daqin; Yuezhi; Tianzhu; Yancai; Shule; Yanqi; Jushi
Volume 89 卷八十九 南匈奴列傳 第七十九 Treatise on the Southern Xiongnu
Volume 90 卷九十 烏桓鮮卑列傳 第八十 Treatise on the Wuhuan, Xianbei

Records (志)[]

# Title Translation Notes
Volume 91 第一 律曆上 One: Rhythm and the Calendar Part One
Volume 92 第二 律曆中 Two: Rhythm and the Calendar Part Two
Volume 93 第三 律曆下 Three: Rhythm and the Calendar Part Three
Volume 94 第四 禮儀上 Four: Etiquette Part One
Volume 95 第五 禮儀中 Five: Etiquette Part Two
Volume 96 第六 禮儀下 Six: Etiquette Part Three
Volume 97 第七 祭祀上 Seven: Rituals and Worship Part One
Volume 98 第八 祭祀中 Eight: Rituals and Worship Part Two
Volume 99 第九 祭祀下 Nine: Rituals and Worship Part Three
Volume 100 第十 天文上 Ten: Astronomy Part One
Volume 101 第十一 天文中 Eleven: Astronomy Part Two
Volume 102 第十二 天文下 Twelve: Astronomy Part Three
Volume 103 第十三 五行一 Thirteen: Five Elements Part One
Volume 104 第十四 五行二 Fourteen: Five Elements Part Two
Volume 105 第十五 五行三 Fifteen: Five Elements Part Three
Volume 106 第十六 五行四 Sixteen: Five Elements Part Four
Volume 107 第十七 五行五 Seventeen: Five Elements Part Five
Volume 108 第十八 五行六 Eighteen: Five Elements Part Six
Volume 109 第十九 郡國一 Nineteen: Commanderies and States Part One
Volume 110 第二十 郡國二 Twenty: Commanderies and States Part Two
Volume 111 第二十一 郡國三 Twenty One: Commanderies and States Part Three
Volume 112 第二十二 郡國四 Twenty Two: Commanderies and States Part Four
Volume 113 第二十三 郡國五 Twenty Three: Commanderies and States Part Five
Volume 114 第二十四 百官一 Twenty Four: Officials Part One
Volume 115 第二十五 百官二 Twenty Five: Officials Part Two
Volume 116 第二十六 百官三 Twenty Six: Officials Part Three
Volume 117 第二十七 百官四 Twenty Seven: Officials Part Four
Volume 118 第二十八 百官五 Twenty Eight: Officials Part Five
Volume 119 第二十九 輿服上 Twenty Nine: Records on Clothing Part One
Volume 120 第三十 輿服下 Thirty: Records on Clothing Part Two

References[]

Citations[]

  1. ^ L., Tignor, Robert. Worlds together, worlds apart. Adelman, Jeremy,, Aron, Stephen,, Brown, Peter, 1935-, Elman, Benjamin A., 1946-, Liu, Xinru,, Pittman, Holly (Fourth edition, [Two volume edition] ed.). New York. ISBN 0393922081. OCLC 870312289.
  2. ^ Durrant, Stephen (2017). "Chapter 13: Histories (Shi 史)". The Oxford Handbook of Classical Chinese Literature (1000 BCE-900CE) (e-book ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 195–196.
  3. ^ Hill (2015) Vol. I, pp. xvi - xviii.
  4. ^ Hill (2015) Vol. I, pp. 11; 13; 27; 181; Vol. II, pp. 202-203.
  5. ^ Hill (2015), Vol. I, p. 13.

Sources[]

General

Further reading[]

  • Yap, Joseph P. (2019). The Western Regions, Xiongnu and Han, from the Shiji, Hanshu and Hou Hanshu. ISBN 978-1792829154.

External links[]

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