Bosnian Americans

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Bosnian Americans
Bosanski Amerikanci
Total population
125,793 (2010)
Regions with significant populations
Illinois, Missouri, Michigan, New York, Georgia, Florida, Iowa, Indiana, Texas, Tennessee, California, Connecticut, Utah, Arizona, Minnesota, Kentucky, Pennsylvania New Hampshire
Languages
American English · Bosnian
Religion
Majority: Sunni Islam Minority: Orthodox Christianity and Catholicism[1]
Related ethnic groups
Serbian Americans, Croatian Americans, other South Slavic Americans
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Bosnian Americans are Americans whose ancestry can be traced to Bosnia and Herzegovina. The vast majority of Bosnian Americans immigrated to the United States during and after the Bosnian War which lasted from 1992–95. Nevertheless, many Bosnians immigrated to the United States as early as the 19th century. The largest Bosnian American population can be found in St. Louis, Missouri, which boasts the largest number of Bosnians in the world outside Europe.

While official census reports from the 2010 Census indicate that there are 125,793 Bosnian-Americans in U.S., it is estimated that as of 2020 there are some 300,000 to 350,000 Americans of full or partial Bosnian descent living in the country.[2]

History[]

Early period[]

The first Bosnians settled in Chicago in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, joining other immigrants seeking better opportunities and better lives. As the former Yugoslavia continued to find its identity as a nation over the last century, the people of Bosnia and Herzegovina sought stability and new beginnings in the city of Chicago many intending to return to their homeland. Those of these early Bosnian immigrants who were of Muslim faith were early leaders in the establishment of Chicago's Muslim community. In 1906, they established Dzemijetul Hajrije (The Benevolent Society) of Illinois to preserve the community's religious and national traditions as well as to provide mutual assistance for funerals and illness. The organization established chapters in Gary, Indiana, in 1913, and Butte, Montana, in 1916, and is the oldest existing Muslim organization in the United States.[3]

Post World War II[]

Chicago's Bosnian community received a new influx of migrants after World War II who were displaced by the war and Communist takeover. This new wave of refugees included many well-educated professionals, some of whom were forced to take lower-skilled jobs as taxi cab drivers, factory workers, chauffeurs, and janitors. As the population increased in the early 1950s, the Muslim community invited Shaykh Kamil Avdich (Ćamil Avdić), a prominent Muslim scholar, to become the first permanent imam (religious minister). Under Imam Kamil's leadership, the Bosnian Muslim Religious and Cultural Home was established to raise funds for a mosque, which opened on Halsted Street in 1957. In 1968, the organization's name was changed to the Bosnian American Cultural Association, and in the early 1970s it purchased land in Northbrook to build a larger mosque and cultural center. The Islamic Cultural Center of Greater Chicago has remained an important center for Bosnian Muslim religious activity, serving Bosnians and non-Bosnian Muslims in the Chicago metropolitan area.

Bosnian War (1992–1995)[]

The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1995 brought the largest influx of Bosnians to St Louis, which became the most popular United States destination for Bosnian refugees. It is estimated that 40,000 refugees moved to the St. Louis area in the 1990s and early 2000s, bringing the total St. Louis Bosnian population to some 70,000.[4] In Chicago, the Bosnian community has largely settled in the northern part of the city, between Lawrence and Howard, from Clark to Lake Michigan. Many refugees suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder as a result of gruesome experiences in concentration camps and the death of family and friends. The Illinois Department of Human Services founded the Bosnian Refugee Center in 1994 with the help of public and private agencies to assist the newcomers, and in 1997 it became the nonprofit Bosnian & American Community Center. Staffed by Bosnian refugees from all backgrounds, the center serves all refugees by providing community services that include educational and family programs, counseling, and cultural activities.

Communities[]

The largest Bosnian American communities in the US are found in St. Louis (Bevo Mill's "Little Bosnia"); followed by Chicago, Jacksonville, New York City, Detroit, and Houston.[5]

Atlanta has Georgia's largest Bosnian American community with approximately 10,000 in the metro area.[6] Approximately 10,000 Bosnians live in Phoenix, Arizona.[7]

Other large Bosnian American communities can be found in the San Francisco Bay Area, as well as in Indianapolis, Hackettstown, New Jersey;[8] Seattle, Washington, Grand Rapids, Michigan;[9] Bowling Green, Kentucky;[10] Erie, Pennsylvania; Nashville,[11] Hartford, Connecticut,[12] Salt Lake City,[13] Portland, Oregon;[14] Utica, New York;[15] Waterloo, Iowa; Fort Wayne, Indiana; Boston; Louisville, Kentucky; Manchester, New Hampshire and Syracuse, New York.[16]

Politics[]

The early Bosnian American community were generally inactive in domestic American politics. In the 2010's, Bosnian Americans began becoming more active in politics and activism.[17][18] In recent local and national elections, Bosnian Americans have mainly backed the Democratic Party due to the party's outreach efforts towards the community, support for Bosnia and Herzegovina, and support for religious and racial diversity.[17][19] In the 2016 presidential election, majority of Bosnian Americans expressed support for Hillary Clinton and disapproval of Donald Trump due to his anti-Muslim rhetoric, anti-immigration views, and his popularity with Serbian nationalists.[18][20][21]

Organizations[]

Notable people[]

For a more comprehensive list, see List of Bosnian Americans.

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Karamehic-Oates, Adna (2020). "Borders and Integration: Becoming a Bosnian-American". Washington University Global Studies Law Review.
  2. ^ Karamehic-Oates, Adna (2020). "Borders and Integration: Becoming a Bosnian-American". Washington University Global Studies Law Review.
  3. ^ Puskar, Samira (2007). Bosnian Americans of Chicagoland. ISBN 9780738551265.
  4. ^ "St. Louis Bosnian - Close to 130,000 Bosnians received permanent residency in USA". St. Louis Bosnian.
  5. ^ Feldman, Claudia (December 2, 2007). "Bosnian café offers a taste of home in neutral territory". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
  6. ^ "GA: Cultural Center Follows Bosnians". cair.com. Council for American-Islamic Relations. March 11, 2015. Archived from the original on 2014-11-05. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
  7. ^ Reid, Betty (July 6, 2011). "Islamic Center of Phoenix helps Bosnians adjust to U.S." Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Ariz. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
  8. ^ "To Bosnia with Love, from Hackettstown". June 17, 2014. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
  9. ^ Schoonmaker, Daniel (May 5, 2006). "Little Bosnia booms". Grand Rapids Business Journal. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
  10. ^ Celik, Elcin (2012). Bosnian Refugees in Bowling Green, Kentucky: Refugee Resettlement, and Community Based Research (PDF) (Master's thesis). Bowling Green, Ky.: Western Kentucky University.
  11. ^ Fox, Carrington (April 13, 2009). "Café Bosna Hosts Bosnian Presentation". Nashville Scene. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
  12. ^ "Bosnian American Islamic Cultural Center". Bosnian American Islamic Cultural Center (in Bosnian). Retrieved 2017-11-29.
  13. ^ Boal, Jed (May 21, 2014). "Utah Bosnians seek support for their flooded homeland". KSL.com. Bonneville International. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
  14. ^ Pintak, Lawrence (April 8, 2016). "Portland Is the Most Livable City in American – Except If You're Muslim". Foreign Policy. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
  15. ^ Baber, Cassaundra (June 20, 2009). "'This is home': Bosnian refugees come of age". Observer-Dispatch. Utica, N.Y. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
  16. ^ Moses, Sarah (July 2, 2010). "Bosnian community in Syracuse remembers Srebrenica massacre". Post-Standard. Syracuse, N.Y. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
  17. ^ Jump up to: a b "The unlikely community that drew inspiration from the Ferguson protests". The Washington Post. 28 April 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  18. ^ Jump up to: a b Schuessler, Ryan (2016-09-04). "How Missouri's Bosnian vote could cost Donald Trump – and turn the state blue". The Guardian. Retrieved 2021-07-05.
  19. ^ Bami, Xhorxhina (2020-10-20). "Joe Biden Woos America's Bosnian, Albanian Voters Before Polls". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 2021-07-05.
  20. ^ Kimball, Spencer (7 November 2016). "u.s. election: Living the Bosnian-American Dream". Handelsblatt. Retrieved 2021-07-05.
  21. ^ Zurcher, Anthony (2016-10-30). "America's 'invisible' Muslims". BBC News. Retrieved 2021-07-05.

Further reading[]

  • Hume, Susan E. "Two decades of Bosnian place-making in St. Louis, Missouri." Journal of Cultural Geography 32.1 (2015): 1-22.
  • Miller, Olivia. "Bosnian Americans." Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 1, Gale, 2014), pp. 331–341. online
  • Puskar, Samira. Bosnian Americans of Chicagoland (Arcadia Publishing, 2007).

External links[]

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