Bucharest Nine
Bucharest Nine Bucharest Format | |
---|---|
Membership | |
Establishment | 4 November 2015 |
Bucharest Nine or the Bucharest Format (B9 or B-9; Polish: Bukaresztańska Dziewiątka, Romanian: Formatul București) is an organization founded on 4 November 2015 in Bucharest, Romania, at the initiative of the President of Romania Klaus Iohannis and the President of Poland Andrzej Duda during a bilateral meeting between them.[1] Members of it are Poland and Romania and also Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania and Slovakia. Its apparition was mainly a result of a perceived aggressive attitude from Russia following the annexation of Crimea from Ukraine and its posterior intervention in eastern Ukraine both in 2014. All members of the B9 were either part of the former Soviet Union (USSR) or of its sphere of influence.[2][3] An eastwards expansion of organizations such as B9 or the Three Seas Initiative to cover other countries like Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine has been proposed, although such a thing has not been publicly discussed within them.[3]
On 10 May 2021, during a B9 video conference summit to which the President of the United States Joe Biden joined, Iohannis (one of the two hosts of the summit, the other being Duda) said "Eastern European NATO states would like a bigger allied military presence on the bloc's eastern flank" following the mobilization of Russian troops near the Russian border with Ukraine which had happened some time before.[4]
See also[]
References[]
- ^ "Bilateral visit of President of Romania, Mr. Klaus Iohannis, in the Republic of Poland and his participation in the High Level Meeting of the Bucharest Format (B9), on 7-8 June 2018". President of Romania. 5 June 2018.
- ^ Gerasymchuk, Sergiy (2019). "Bucharest Nine: looking for cooperation on NATO's eastern flank?" (PDF). Friedrich Ebert Foundation. pp. 1–10.
- ^ a b Rotaru, Vasile; Umland, Andreas (10 November 2017). "How Romania and Poland can strengthen NATO and the EU". Foreign Affairs.
- ^ "Romanian president says more NATO presence needed in Eastern Europe". Reuters. 10 May 2021.
- Central Europe
- Eastern Europe
- European integration
- Intergovernmental organizations
- International political organizations
- International security
- International organizations based in Europe
- Organizations related to NATO
- Foreign relations of Bulgaria
- Foreign relations of the Czech Republic
- Foreign relations of Estonia
- Foreign relations of Hungary
- Foreign relations of Latvia
- Foreign relations of Lithuania
- Foreign relations of Poland
- Foreign relations of Romania
- Foreign relations of Slovakia
- 2015 establishments in Europe
- 2015 establishments in Romania