COVID-19 vaccination in New Zealand

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COVID-19 vaccination program
New Zealand Vaccine Rollout per DHB.png
New Zealand COVID19 Vaccine Rollout
Date20 February 2021 (2021-02-20) – present
Location Aotearoa New Zealand
CauseCOVID-19 pandemic
TargetImmunisation of New Zealand against COVID-19
Organised byMinistry of Health, District Health Boards.
Participants1,779,465 people have received at least one dose of the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine
(August 18, 2021)[1]
1,007,801 people have been fully vaccinated (both doses of Pfizer–BioNTech)
Outcome41% of the eligible New Zealand population has received at least one dose of a vaccine[1]
23% of the eligible New Zealand population is fully vaccinated
Websitecovid19.govt.nz/health-and-wellbeing/covid-19-vaccines/

COVID-19 vaccination in New Zealand began on 20 February 2021,[2] and will continue throughout the year with the goal of vaccinating all willing New Zealanders aged 12+.

First generation vaccine card
Second generation vaccine card
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A photo of the New Zealand Governments vaccine campaign billboard

Vaccine tracker[]

The Ministry of Health releases vaccine numbers every weekday, but only releases tabled data once a week. These graphs will differ to the information in the side of the page [3] The following graphs are as of 11:59PM on 17 August 2021 NZST[1]

Daily vaccinations chart of New Zealand[4]

Cumulative vaccinations in New Zealand

Planned vs Actual vaccination numbers

Vaccine approval[]

Currently, the only vaccine approved by Government Regulator Medsafe is the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. It is approved under section 23 of the Medicines Act, with conditions.[5]

Medsafe has received applications for both the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine and Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, with some data under evaluation, and further data to be provided by the applicants. They are currently not approved (does not correspond with chart below).[5]

Vaccine Status[6]

Vaccine name Approval progress Quantity Doses Required Vaccine approved Began administering
Pfizer–BioNTech[7] Green check.svg Approved for use 10 million 2 Green check.svg 03 Feb 2021[8] Green check.svg 18 Feb 2021
Janssen Green check.svg Approved for use 5 million 1 Green check.svg 07 Jul 2021[9] Dark Red x.svg Not yet
Oxford–AstraZeneca Green check.svg Approved for use[10] 7.6 million 2 Green check.svg 23 Jul 2021 Dark Red x.svg Not yet
Novavax Dark Red x.svg No Application Received[11] 10.72 million 2 Dark Red x.svg Not yet Dark Red x.svg Not yet

Vaccines in trial stage[]

Vaccine Type (technology) Phase I Phase II Phase III No. of participants in clinical trial
ReCOV Subunit In progress Pending Pending 160[12]
CoV2-OGEN1 Subunit Dark Red x.svg Not yet Pending Pending 45[13]
Valneva Unknown Pending Pending Pending 300[14]

Vaccine roll out plan[]

COVID-19 vaccine rollout plan[15]
Order Priority group Number eligible (estimated) Doses Administered [16] Status
Group 1
1a Border/MIQ workforce 59,072 Dose 1: 61,057
Dose 2: 56,981 		In Progress
1b Families and household contacts
Group 2
2a Frontline healthcare workers (non-border) who could be exposed to COVID-19 while providing care 550,852 Dose 1: 504,200
Dose 2: 404,354 		In Progress
2b Frontline healthcare workers who may expose vulnerable people to COVID-19
2b At-risk people living in settings with a high risk of transmission or exposure to COVID-19
2b New Zealand Defence Force [17]
Group 3
3a People aged 75+ 1,700,000 Dose 1: 635,334
Dose 2: 368,198 		In Progress
3b People aged 65+
3c People with underlying health conditions or disabilities, or
3c are disabled, or
are in a position of caring for a person with a disability, or
are pregnant (any trimester), or
are an adult in a custodial setting.
Group 4
4 People aged 60 and over 2 million+ Dose 1: 455,007
Dose 2: 124,882 		In Progress[18]
People aged 55 and over
People aged 50 and over
People aged 40 and over
People aged 30 and over 25 August
People aged 12 and over[Note 1] 1 September
Other Groups
– New Zealand Olympic Team 200[19] Completed

The following reasons for overseas travel are eligible to be considered for an early vaccine:[20]

  • access critical medical care that is not available in New Zealand for yourself or your dependant
  • to visit an immediate family member who is dying
  • to provide critical care and protection for a dependant eg, your child.
  • to protect the safety and security of New Zealand’s right to govern itself
  • for Government-approved humanitarian efforts as part of New Zealand’s commitments to foreign aid, international disaster responses, or supporting Pacific and Realm countries' recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic
  • to participate in major international events where travel is necessary to represent New Zealand
  • for nationally significant trade negotiations.

History[]

Unofficial initiatives[]

In late August 2020, Stuff reported that several businessmen and former politicians (including former National MP Ross Meurant and former National Party and ACT party leader Don Brash) had sought to import Russia's insufficiently tested Gam-COVID-Vac (also known as Sputnik V) vaccine into New Zealand. They had established a company called Covax-NZR Limited and filed paperwork through the Russian Embassy to establish supply and distribution arrangements to import the vaccine. University of Auckland vaccinologist Helen Petousis-Harris warned that using untested vaccines could hurt global efforts to develop safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19.[21]

On 17 August 2021, the French biotech company Valneva began trialing the their COVID-19 vaccine in coordination with Pharma Sols. The company is looking for 300 adults in New Zealand who are over the age of 56 years, have not contracted COVID-19 or received a COVID-19 vaccine. The New Zealand clinical trial will take place at eight Pacific Research Network sites across the country. According to the New Zealand trial's lead coordinating investigator and Southern Clinical Trials Christchurch director Dr. Simon Carson, New Zealand was chosen due to the country's lower case numbers and slower vaccine rate.[14]

Official procurement efforts[]

On 12 October 2020, the New Zealand Government signed an agreement with Pfizer and BioNTech to buy 1.5 million COVID-19 stocks of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, which is enough for 750,000 people. The COVID-19 Vaccine Strategy Task Force also entered into negotiations with other pharmaceutical companies to provide vaccines. In addition, the Government established a fund of $66.3 million to support a COVID-19 immunisation programme as soon as the vaccine is ready.[22]

On 17 December, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern announced that the New Zealand Government had purchased two more vaccines for New Zealand, the Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau and its Pacific partners Samoa, Tonga, and Tuvalu from the pharmaceutical companies AstraZeneca and Novavax. The Government had purchased 7.6 million doses (enough for 3.8 million people) from AstraZeneca and 10.72 million doses (enough for 5.36 million people) from Novavax. Both vaccines require two doses to be administered. Both vaccines will be free for New Zealanders. The Government had already purchased 750,000 courses from Pfizer/BioNTech and 5 million from Janssen Pharmaceutica.[23]

On 3 February 2021, Ardern provisionally approved the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for use in New Zealand. The initial batches of the vaccine are scheduled to arrive in late March 2021, with frontline workers and the vulnerable given priority.[24] By 10 February, the Government had formally authorised the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for use in New Zealand. The vaccine will be limited to people aged 16 years and over.[25] By 8 March, the New Zealand Government had secured an additional 8.5 million doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine[26]

Rollout efforts[]

On 20 February, 100 nurses became the first people in New Zealand to receive the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. Healthcare workers, essential workers and those most at risk will be vaccinated in the second quarter of the year. The general population will be vaccinated in the second half of the year.[27]

On 1 March, 28 port workers at Tauranga received their first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.[28]

On 10 March, COVID-19 Response Minister Chris Hipkins announced the COVID-19 vaccine roll-out plan using the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.[29]

On 26 March, the Canterbury District Health Board was made to take its COVID-19 vaccination booking system offline after a security vulnerability was discovered by a member of the public that exposed details of 716 people who had registered to use the system. The person who found the vulnerability labelled the developer of the system incompetent.[30] To date the booking system has not been brought back online.

On 29 March, the Hawke's Bay District Health Board criticised the Health Ministry for flaws and delays in the COVID-19 vaccination rollout, claiming it had created a space for anti-vaxxers and conspiracy theories to take root.[31]

On 12 April, Ardern confirmed that 86% of frontline workers have received at least one COVID vaccination; accounting for 3,472 out of 4,010 workers.[32]

On 15 April, COVID-19 Response Minister Hipkins confirmed that members of the public who were not on the priority list for COVID-19 vaccinations had been receiving jabs in order to prevent supplies from being wasted. Hipkins' response followed last-minute appeals by the Government to medical staff to get vaccinations before doses expire and anecdotal reports that "walk-ins" were being accepted at some clinics for the same reason.[33]

On 8 May, the Health Ministry confirmed that two people who had received the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine had died. These individuals are believed to be in their 80s. No direct link has been established between the vaccine and their deaths. The and the national medicines regulator Medsafe are monitoring the investigation into their deaths.[34]

On 10 May, Stuff reported that general practice clinics in Auckland had begun vaccinating the general public, with Waiheke Medical Centre in Oneroa being recorded as the first such general practice to begin vaccinating patients.[35]

On 9 June 2021, COVID-19 Response Minister Chris Hipkins announced that New Zealand would receive 1 million doses of the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine in July, bringing the total number to more than 1.9 million.[36]

On 21 June, Medsafe has granted provisional approval for the Pfizer/BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine to be given to 12 to 15-year-olds.[37]

On 7 July, Medsafe granted provisional approval for the single-dose Janssen COVID-19 vaccine to be used for persons aged 18 years and above.[9][38]

On 19 July, the Otago Daily Times reported that the University of Otago's School of Pharmacy was unable to fulfil a Ministry of Health request to train vaccinators since the Otago course required an independent coordinator to accredit it. The Health Ministry's immunisation manager Kath Blair confirmed that the Auckland-based Immunisation Advisory Centre was the sole vaccinator training course provider in the country.[39] That same day, COVID-19 Response Minister Chris Hipkins confirmed that a shipment of more than 370,000 Pfizer vaccines had arrived in New Zealand, allowing the rollout to begin ramping up after slowing down over the past month.[40]

By 20 July, the Southern District Health Board had reported administering 100,000 doses across Otago and Southland, focusing on people aged 65 years and above and those with underlying health conditions and disabilities.[41] On 19 July 2021, the Royal New Zealand Navy warship HMNZS Wellington delivered 120 vials of the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine to Tokelau's Nukunonu atoll, which is sufficient to vaccinate 720 people.[42]

people in line for mass vaccination event at Manukau Institute of Technology
New Zealand's first Covid-19 mass vaccination event held at Manukau Institute of Technology and Vodafone Events Centre in South Auckland on 30 July 2021

On 30 July 2021, the first mass vaccination event in New Zealand began in South Auckland at Manukau Institute of Technology and Vodafone Events Centre with the goal of vaccinating at least 15,500 people over three days with the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine in one of the highest risk areas in the country. Invitations were first sent to 12,500 students and staff at the institute, who were told they could book family members as well. However, after only around 3,000 booked to be vaccinated, Auckland's district health boards ended up sending 140,000 invitations to reach their target bookings.[43] The event featured a dozen vaccinators trying to average one vaccination every 90 seconds to handle the volume of people.[44]

By 4 August, the total number of vaccinations in New Zealand had reached 2,021,024, of which 769,708 were second doses.[45]

On 4 August, The Ministry of Health redesigned the vaccination card. The vaccination card was simplified (removing the ‘batch number’ and ‘time given’ fields), making it faster for vaccinators to fill out. This will help make the vaccination process more efficient, particularly for high-volume settings like mass vaccination events. The card has a notch cut out so it can be easily identified, and the font size and colour contrast have been increased. These changes improve the accessibility of the card for the blind and low vision community.[citation needed]

On 12 August, Ardern announced that the Government would speed up the vaccine rollout by allowing people of all eligible ages to book by 1 September 2021. By 12 August, 15.4% of the population had received one dose, 21.6% had been fully vaccinated, and 63% remained unvaccinated.[46]

Also on 12 August, Director-General of Health Dr Ashley Bloomfield said the standard time will become 6 weeks between the first and second doses of the vaccine. In a statement, Dr Bloomfield said "Moving to a longer gap allows us to give a first dose to a larger number of people faster, which means providing more people with partial protection sooner. This is an important part of our being prepared for a possible outbreak of the more infectious Delta variant of the virus."[47]

On 15 August, the Government acknowledged that 828 (roughly 32%) of the country's 2,611 port workers had not been vaccinated. Within the Bay of Plenty District Health Board, 235 port workers had been fully vaccinated while 33 had received one dose and 249 had not been vaccinated.[48]

On 17 August, Ardern announced that vaccinations would be suspended for a period of 48 hours in response to the nationwide Alert Level 4 lockdown.[49]

On 19 August, Ardern announced cabinet has approved the vaccine for use in 12 to 15-year-olds. If parents are already booked, they can take their eligible children with them to be vaccinated. Due to a misundertanding among staff, families were turned away by staff from a Rotorua vaccination site on 20 August. The Lakes District Health Board subsequently apologised for the misunderstanding.[50]

On 21 August, Ardern announced that there had been a record number of vaccine bookings, with over 150,000 bookings on 20 August. That same day, 56,843 were vaccinated. There were also 1,700 vaccination sites including general practitioners and pharmacists.[51]

On 22 August, Chris Hipkins announced that over 1,000,000 New Zealanders had been fully vaccinated. 2.75 million doses have been administered so far and there are 1.5 million active bookings on the Book My Vaccine system.[52]

On 24 August, Deputy Prime Minister Grant Robertson announced that on 23 August New Zealand administered its most vaccines yet, over 63,000.[53]

Vaccine diplomacy[]

On 16 April 2021, Jacinda Ardern announced that New Zealand would donate 1.6 million COVID-19 vaccine doses through an international vaccine sharing programme. This quantity will be enough to vaccinate 800,000 people, many of whom will be health workers and vulnerable people in the Pacific Islands. During the announcement, Ardern also advocated a "team of 7.8 billion," based on the Government's "team of 5 million" rhetoric.[54]

Legal challenges[]

On 18 May 2021, the Health Minister Andrew Little announced that the Government would amend Section 23 of the after the High Court Judge Rebecca Ellis ruled in favour of the Ngai Kaitiaki Tuku Ihu Medical Action Society's contention that the Government's decision to approve the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine exceeded the powers of the legislation. The Medical Action Society had argued that this action would have undermined public trust in the vaccine and wasted vaccine stock already in use in the country.[55]

Public opinion[]

Official surveys[]

Beginning in September 2020, Horizon Research in association with the University of Auckland's School of Population Health conducted a series of public opinion surveys on adult New Zealanders' attitudes and sentiments towards COVID-19 vaccination. The first two surveys conducted between September and December 2020 found that 69% of the population would take a "well-tested and approved" COVID-19 vaccine while 24% were unlikely to take a vaccine and 16% were opposed to taking a vaccine. Support for vaccination was strongest in respondents aged 65 years and above while vaccine hesitancy was strongest among the Māori and Pacific Islander communities, parents with children in the household, and those of lower household incomes and education qualifications.[56]

In February 2021, a third public opinion survey found that 71.4% of the 1,317 respondents were willing to take a COVID-19 vaccine while 7.2% were unsure and 21.4% were unlikely to have a COVID-19 vaccine if offered to them. Major concerns identified in the survey including concerns about the long-term effects of vaccination and insufficient information. Those in the 65 years+ and 18–24 years age brackets were most receptive to taking a COVID-19 vaccine.[56]

In March 2021, a fourth public opinion survey found that 69% of respondents were willing to take a COVID-19 vaccine while 15% (an estimated 612,200 adults) would take the vaccine immediately if it was available. The number of people unlikely to take a vaccine remained at 9.4% while 20% of respondents (an estimated 798,000) were unlikely to take a COVID-19 vaccine if offered. The percentage of Māori and Pasifika who were unlikely to take a vaccine fell from a peak of 27% and 34% respectively in December 2020 to 18% and 9%. However, the percentage of those who will likely take a vaccine has not changed as significantly.[56]

In April 2021, a fifth public opinion survey found that 77% of respondents were willing to take a COVID-19 vaccine. Those unlikely to take a vaccine had dropped to 12% while those that would "definitely not" take a vaccine had dropped to 7.8%. The number of Māori open to taking a vaccine had rose from 64% in March 2021 to 71% in April 2021. The number of Pacific Islanders open to taking a vaccine had risen from 59% to 79%. District health board regions where the likelihood of respondents to accept a vaccine is lower than the national average included Waikato, Lakes, Tairawhiti, Whanganui, Hutt, Wairarapa, West Coast and South Canterbury.[56]

In May 2021, a sixth public opinion survey found that 80% of respondents were willing to take a COVID-19 vaccine. Those unlikely to take a vaccine remained steady at 13% while those that would "definitely not" take a vaccine stayed at 7%. The number of Māori open to taking a vaccine had risen to 75% while the number of Pasifika willing to take a vaccine dropped slightly to 78%. The survey found that 77% of respondents believe that people in New Zealand could choose whether or not to get vaccinated. In addition, 72% of respondents believed that people who were vaccinated could still get COVID-19; an increase from 57% in April 2021.[56]

In June 2021, a seventh public opinion survey found that 72% of people who were not vaccinated were likely to get a vaccine, a decrease from 77% the previous month. 66% of Māori respondents and 55% of Pasifika respondents who were not vaccinated were likely to get a vaccine. Overall, 81% of respondents felt that it was important that everyone in New Zealand who was able to be vaccinated receive the vaccine.[56]

Unofficial surveys[]

On 20 May 2020, a Stickybeak poll of 605 respondents conducted for The Spinoff found that 65% of respondents would aim to get vaccinated if a COVID-19 vaccine became available. By contrast, 20% said they were unsure while 16% said no.[57]

On February 2021, a follow-up The Spinoff public opinion poll found that 53% of respondents would take a medically-approved COVID-19 vaccine, 25% were opposed to taking a COVID-19 vaccine, and 22% were unsure.[58]

In March 2021, a public opinion survey of 1,040 participants conducted by the Massey University communications lecturer Jagadish Thaker estimated that 36% of respondents were enthusiastic about taking COVID-19 vaccines, 28% were supportive of COVID-19 vaccines, 24% were hesitant about taking COVID-19 vaccines and that 12% were skeptical of COVID-19 Vaccines.[59]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Ages 12–15 eligible for vaccination when their parent or caregiver becomes eligible from 20 August

References[]

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