Central Committee elected by the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Central Committee elected by the 17th Congress | |
---|---|
10 February 1934 – 22 March 1939 | |
Officers | |
General Secretary | Joseph Stalin |
Second Secretary | Lazar Kaganovich (1934–1935) |
Inner-groups | Politburo: 12 full & 5 candidates Secretariat: 6 members Orgburo: 12 full & 2 candidates |
Apparatus | |
No. of departments | 12 |
The Central Committee (CC) composition was elected at the 17th Congress, and sat from 10 February 1934 until 22 March 1939. Its 1st Plenary Session renewed the composition of the Politburo, Secretariat and the Orgburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). The 17th Congress was labelled the "Congress of Victors" to mark the success of the first five-year plan and the collectivization of agriculture.[1] The CC 1st Plenary Session elected Joseph Stalin General Secretary of the Central Committee, and Lazar Kaganovich continued to serve as Stalin's deputy, an informal post referred to by Sovietologists as Second Secretary, and was empowered to manage party business and sign Politburo resolutions when Stalin was away from Moscow.[2]
This Central Committee composition saw the de-formalisation of politics; for example, the number of Politburo meetings was reduced to 16 for the year of 1934.[3] Politburo decisions were made either by polling the members or informal meeting between Stalin and other Politburo members.[3] According to Ukrainian historian Oleg Khlevniuk the "procedures followed by the Politburo became increasingly simplified as it was transformed from a collective body into an appendage of a decision-making system that rested on Stalin's sole authority.[4] According to Vadim Rogovin, "During the period of the Great Purge, the rights of the Central Committee and its members were restricted even more", noting that CC members lost the right to attend Politburo sessions or being informed on the decisions taken by the Politburo, Secretariat or the Orgburo.[5] When looking back, Nikita Khrushchev lamented the situation; "by 1938, the earlier democracy in the Central Committee had already been greatly undermined. For instance, as a candidate member of the Politburo, I did not receive materials of our sessions. ... I received only the material which Stalin sent to me on his own orders."[6]
Of the 139 full members and candidate members elected at the 17th Party Congress, 98 people were killed in the period 1936–1940.[7] Of these 44 (out of 71) were full members, while 55 (out of 68) were candidate members.[7] Of those arrested, over 80 percent of them were below the age of 50.[7] When the 18th Party Congress convened in 1939, 31 individuals remained in the Central Committee.[7] Of these, seven were not reelected, and of them five were pensioned or relieved of leading offices (Grigory Petrovsky, Gleb Krzhizhanovsky, Grigory Broydo, and ) while and Avraami Zavenyagin were reelected to the CC at the 19th Party Congress (in 1952) and the 20th Party Congress (in 1956) respectively.[7] Of the 24 reelected at the 18th Party Congress, four would be subject to violent repression (Mikhail Kaganovich in 1941, Solomon Lozovsky in 1952, Lavrentiy Beria in 1953 and Mir Jafar Baghirov in 1956).[8] Klavdiya Nikolayeva became the only CC member who had previously been active in intra-party opposition to survive the purge.[9]
When asked in an interview how the Central Committee approved its own destruction (the decision to expel a member from the CC or for a member to be arrested by the authorities had to be approved by the CC itself through a plenary session), Vyacheslav Molotov replied; "In the first place, on democratic centralism—Listen, it did not happen that a minority expelled a majority. It happened gradually. Seventy expelled 10–15 people, then 60 expelled another 15. All in line with majority and minority. ... Essentially, it happened that a minority of the composition of the TsK [CC] remained of this majority, but without formal violation [of democratic centralism]."[10] According to J. Arch Getty and Oleg Naumov the CC "In the name of party unity and with a desperate feeling of corporate self-preservation, the nomenklatura committed suicide."[11] However, there were some within the CC who breached party tradition and spoke against the purges, such as Grigory Kaminsky and Osip Piatnitsky for example.[12]
Keys[]
Abbreviations used | |
---|---|
K | "K" is an abbreviation of the word Keys. |
I–C | "I–C" is an abbreviation of the word inner-composition, which means in this instance individual membership in the Politburo, Secretariat and Orgburo. |
PB | Politburo member. |
SC | Secretariat member. |
OB | Orgburo member. |
PB(C), OB(C) | The first "C" in these initials refers to "Candidate member" |
Keys | |
Indicates that the individual was born into a Jewish family. | |
Indicates that the individual is female. | |
† | Indicates that the individual died of natural causes. |
♠ | Indicates that the individual committed suicide. |
₪ | Indicates that the individual was murdered. |
¶ | Indicates that the individual was arrested by Soviet authorities while holding a Central Committee seat. |
∞ | Indicates that the individual was removed from the Central Committee. |
‡ | Indicates that the individual was expelled on 8 December 1937, but that the expulsion was confirmed later by the 13th Plenary Session on 20 January 1938.[13] |
↑ | Indicates that the individual was elevated from candidate to full member. |
Plenums[]
The CC was not a permanent institution. The CC was convened for fourteen plenary sessions between the 17th Congress and the 18th Congress. When the CC was not in session, decision-making powers were transferred to inner bodies of the CC itself; the Politburo, Secretariat and Orgburo (none of these bodies were permanent either, but convened to decide on crucial matters).[14]
Plenum (CC) |
Start–end | Length |
---|---|---|
1st Plenary Session | 10 February 1934 | 1 day |
2nd Plenary Session | 29 June – 1 July 1934 | 3 days |
3rd Plenary Session | 25–28 November 1934 | 4 days |
4th Plenary Session | 1 February 1935 | 1 day |
5th Plenary Session | 28 February 1935 | 1 day |
6th Plenary Session | 5–7 June 1935 | 3 days |
7th Plenary Session | 21–25 December 1935 | 5 days |
8th Plenary Session | 1–4 June 1936 | 4 days |
9th Plenary Session | 4, 7 July 1936 | 2 days |
10th Plenary Session | 23 February – 5 March 1937 | 12 days |
11th Plenary Session | 26–29 June 1937 | 4 days |
12th Plenary Session | 11–12 October 1937 | 2 days |
13th Plenary Session | 11, 14, 18, 20 January 1938 | 4 days |
14th Plenary Session | 9–11 January 1938 | 3 days |
Apparatus[]
Individuals employed by Central Committee's bureaus, departments and newspapers made up the apparatus between the 17th Congress and the 18th Congress.[15] The bureaus and departments were supervised by the Secretariat, and each secretary (member of the Secretariat) supervised a specific department.[16] The leaders of departments were officially referred to as Heads, while the titles of bureau leaders varied between chairman, first secretary and secretary.[17]
Institution | Head (birth–death) Cyrillic |
Took office | Left office | Tenure | Ethnicity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agriculture Department | Andrei Zhdanov (1896–1948) Андрей Жданов |
3 March 1934 | 10 April 1934 | 38 days | Russian |
Yakov Yakovlev (1896–1938) Я́ков Я́ковлев |
10 April 1934 | 1936 | 2 years and 52 days | Ukrainian | |
Chief Administrator | Timofey Samsonov (1888–1956) Тимофей Самсонов |
10 February 1934 | 1935 | 1 year and 111 days | Russian |
Ivan Lychov (1881–1972) Иван Лычев |
1935 | May 1938 | 3 years and 120 days | Russian | |
(1895–1982) Дмитрий Крупин |
May 1938 | 22 March 1939 | 325 days | Russian | |
Cultural and Educational Work Department | Alexander Shcherbakov (1901–1945) Алекса́ндр Щербако́в |
13 May 1935 | 1936 | 1 year and 19 days | Russian |
(1898–1937) Алексей Ангаров |
1936 | July 1937 | 1 year and 30 days | Russian | |
Industrial Department | Nikolai Yezhov (1895–1940) Николай Ежов |
3 March 1934 | 3 March 1935 | 1 year and 0 days | Russian |
Andrey Andreyev (1895–1971) Андрей Андреев |
3 March 1935 | 13 May 1937 | 2 years and 71 days | Russian | |
(1898–1938) Михаил Целищев |
13 May 1937 | September 1937 | 111 days | Russian | |
Leninist Culture and Propaganda Department | Aleksei Stetskii (1896–1938) Алексей Стецкий |
10 February 1934 | 13 May 1935 | 1 year and 92 days | Russian |
Planning, Finance and Trade Department | Andrei Zhdanov (1896–1948) Андрей Жданов |
10 April 1934 | 1934 | 235 days | Russian |
Karl Bauman (1892–1937) Карл Бауман |
1934 | 20 January 1938 | 4 years and 19 days | Latvian | |
Political-Administrative Department | (1888–1938) Яков Брезановский |
10 March 1934 | February 1935 | 328 days | Polish |
Osip Piatnitsky (1882–1938) Осип Пятницкий |
19 August 1935 | 7 July 1937 | 1 year and 322 days | Russian | |
Pravda | Lev Mekhlis (1889–1953) Лев Мехлис |
10 February 1934 | 4 September 1937 | 3 years and 206 days | Ukrainian |
Press and Publications Department | (1898–1938) Борис Таль |
13 May 1935 | 4 September 1937 | 2 years and 114 days | Azerbaijani |
Lev Mekhlis (1889–1953) Лев Мехлис |
4 September 1937 | 2 January 1938 | 120 days | Ukrainian | |
(1901–1941) Александр Никитин |
2 January 1938 | 21 November 1938 | 323 days | Russian | |
Propaganda Department | Aleksei Stetskii (1896–1938) Алексей Стецкий |
13 May 1935 | 26 April 1938 | 2 years and 348 days | Russian |
Andrei Zhdanov (1896–1948) Андрей Жданов |
21 November 1938 | 22 March 1939 | 121 days | Russian | |
Science and Scientific-technological Discoveries Department | Karl Bauman (1892–1937) Карл Бауман |
13 May 1935 | 14 April 1937 | 1 year and 336 days | Latvian |
School Department | Boris Volin (1886–1957) Борис Волин |
13 May 1935 | 1936 | 1 year and 19 days | Russian |
Special Sector | Alexander Poskrebyshev (1891–1965) Александр Поскрёбышев |
10 February 1934 | 22 March 1939 | 5 years and 40 days | Russian |
Transportation Department | Lazar Kaganovich (1893–1991) Лазарь Каганович |
10 March 1934 | 9 July 1935 | 1 year and 121 days | Russian |
Nikolai Zimin (1895–1938) Николай Зимин |
9 July 1935 | 22 March 1939 | 3 years and 256 days | Russian |
Membership[]
Full[]
Name (birth–death) Cyrillic |
K | Took office | Left office | Tenure | Ethnicity | Portrait | Position held (upon election) |
I–C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1877–1936) Пётр Алексеев |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 23 June 1937 |
3 years and 133 days | Russian | —
|
Chairman, Leningrad Regional Council of Trade Unions | —
|
Andrey Andreyev (1895–1971) Андрей Андреев |
—
|
10 February 1934 | 22 March 1939 |
5 years and 40 days | Russian | People's Commissar for Railways | PB, SC, OB | |
Nikolay Antipov (1894–1938) Николай Антипов |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 23 June 1937 |
3 years and 133 days | Russian | —
|
Deputy People's Commissar, Workers' and Peasants' Inspectorate | —
|
Aleksei Badayev (1883–1951) Алексей Бадаев |
—
|
10 February 1934 | 22 March 1939 |
5 years and 40 days | Russian | Chairman, Moscow Council of Consumer Societies | —
| |
Mir Jafar Baghirov (1896–1956) Мир Багиров |
—
|
12 October 1937 | 22 March 1939 |
1 year and 161 days | Azerbaijani | —
|
First Secretary, Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Azerbaijan | —
|
Vsevolod Balitsky (1892–1937) Всеволод Балицкий |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 23 June 1937 |
3 years and 133 days | Ukrainian | —
|
Chairman, Joint State Political Directorate of the Council of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR | —
|
Karl Bauman (1892–1937) Карл Бауман |
‡ | 10 February 1934 | 20 January 1938 |
3 years and 344 days | Latvian | —
|
First Secretary, Central Asian Bureau | —
|
Lavrentiy Beria (1899–1953) Лавре́нтий Бе́рия |
—
|
10 February 1934 | 22 March 1939 |
5 years and 40 days | Georgian | First Secretary, Transcaucasian Regional Committee | —
| |
Vasily Blyukher (1899–1938) Василий Блюхер |
¶ | 12 October 1937 | 22 October 1938 |
1 year and 10 days | Russian | Commander, Far East Front | —
| |
Andrei Bubnov (1884–1938) Андрей Бубнов |
‡ | 10 February 1934 | 20 January 1938 |
3 years and 344 days | Russian | People's Commissar for Education of the Russian SFSR | —
| |
Nikolai Bulganin (1895–1975) Николай Булганин |
—
|
12 October 1937 | 22 March 1939 |
1 year and 161 days | Russian | Chairman, Board of the State Bank | —
| |
Anton Bulin (1894–1938) Антон Булин |
‡ | 12 October 1937 | 20 January 1938 |
3 years and 344 days | Russian | —
|
Deputy Head, Political Directorate of the Red Army | —
|
Mikhail Chernov (1891–1938) Михаил Чернов |
‡ | 10 February 1934 | 20 January 1938 |
3 years and 344 days | Ukrainian | —
|
Chairman, Committee for the Procurement of Agricultural Products of the Council of People's Commissars | —
|
Vlas Chubar (1891–1939) Влас Чубар |
¶ | 10 February 1934 | 11 November 1938 |
4 years and 274 days | Ukrainian | Chairman, Council of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR | PB(C), PB | |
Mikhail Chudov (1893–1937) Михаил Чудов |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 29 June 1937 |
3 years and 139 days | Russian | —
|
Second Secretary, Leningrad Regional Committee | —
|
(1883–1947) Михаил Чувырин |
—
|
10 February 1934 | 22 March 1939 |
5 years and 40 days | Russian | —
|
Chairman, Ukrainian Council of Trade Unions | —
|
Robert Eikhe (1890–1940) Роберт Эйхе |
¶ | 10 February 1934 | 28 April 1938 |
4 years and 77 days | Latvian | —
|
First Secretary, West Siberian Regional Committee | PB(C) |
Avel Enukidze (1877–1937) А́вель Енуки́дзе |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 7 June 1935 |
1 year and 117 days | Georgian | Secretary, Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets | —
| |
Yan Gamarnik (1894–1937) Ян Гамарник |
♠ | 10 February 1934 | 31 May 1937 |
3 years and 110 days | Ukrainian | Head, Political Directorate of the Red Army | OB | |
Vladimir Ivanov (1893–1938) Владимир Иванов |
‡ | 10 February 1934 | 20 January 1938 |
3 years and 344 days | Russian | —
|
First Secretary, Northern Regional Committee | —
|
Akmal Ikramov (1898–1938) Акмаль Икрамов |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 12 October 1937 |
3 years and 244 days | Uzbek | First Secretary, Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Uzbekistan | —
| |
Uraz Isayev (1899–1938) Ураз Исаев |
∞ | 12 October 1937 | 31 May 1938 |
3 years and 344 days | Kazakh | —
|
Chairman, Council of People's Commissars of the Kazakh SSR | —
|
(1891–1937) Иван Кабаков |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 17 May 1937 |
3 years and 96 days | Russian | —
|
First Secretary, Sverdlovsk Regional Committee | —
|
Lazar Kaganovich (1893–1991) Лазарь Каганович |
—
|
10 February 1934 | 22 March 1939 |
5 years and 40 days | Russian | First Secretary, Moscow Regional Committee Chairman, Party Control Commission Head, Transportation Department |
PB, SC, OB | |
Mikhail Kaganovich (1888–1941) Михаил Каганович |
—
|
10 February 1934 | 22 March 1939 |
5 years and 40 days | Russian | —
|
Deputy People's Commissar for Heavy Industry | OB(C) |
Mikhail Kalinin (1875–1946) Михаил Калинин |
—
|
10 February 1934 | 22 March 1939 |
5 years and 40 days | Russian | Chairman, Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets | PB | |
Lavrentiy Kartvelishvili (1890–1938) Лаврентий Картвелишвили |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 23 June 1937 |
3 years and 133 days | Georgian | —
|
First Secretary, Far Eastern Regional Committee | —
|
Mendel Khatayevich (1893–1937) Мендель Хатаевич |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 12 October 1937 |
3 years and 244 days | Russian | First Secretary, Dnipropetrovsk Regional Committee | —
| |
Nikita Khrushchev (1894–1971) Никита Хрущёв |
—
|
10 February 1934 | 22 March 1939 |
5 years and 40 days | Russian | First Secretary, Moscow City Committee | PB(C) | |
Sergey Kirov (1886–1934) Серге́й Ки́ров |
₪ | 10 February 1934 | 1 December 1934 |
294 days | Russian | First Secretary, Leningrad Regional Committee | PB, SC, OB | |
Vilhelm Knorin (1890–1938) Вильгельм Кнорин |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 23 June 1937 |
3 years and 133 days | Latvian | —
|
Secretary, Executive Committee of the Comintern Director, Historical Institute of Red Professors Member, Editorial Board of Bolshevik |
—
|
Ivan Kodatsky (1893–1937) Иван Кодацкий |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 29 June 1937 |
3 years and 139 days | Ukrainian | —
|
Chairman, Executive Committee of the Leningrad Regional Soviet | —
|
Alexander Kosarev (1903–1939) Александр Косарев |
¶ | 10 February 1934 | 28 November 1938 |
4 years and 291 days | Russian | First Secretary, Central Committee of the Komsomol | OB | |
(1889–1937) Иосиф Косиор |
† | 10 February 1934 | 14 May 1938 |
4 years and 93 days | Polish | —
|
Commissioner, in the | —
|
Stanislav Kosior (1889–1939) Станислав Косиор |
¶ | 10 February 1934 | 22 March 1939 |
5 years and 40 days | Polish | First Secretary, Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine | PB | |
Nadezhda Krupskaya (1869–1939) Наде́жда Кру́пская |
† | 10 February 1934 | 27 February 1939 |
5 years and 17 days | Russian | Deputy People's Commissar for Education of the Russian SFSR | —
| |
Alexander Krinitsky (1894–1937) Александр Криницкий |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 12 October 1937 |
3 years and 244 days | Russian | Deputy People's Commissar for Agriculture | OB(C) | |
Gleb Krzhizhanovsky (1872–1959) Глеб Кржижано́вский |
—
|
10 February 1934 | 22 March 1939 |
5 years and 40 days | Russian | Chairman, Committee of Higher Technical Education at the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets | —
| |
(1891–1939) Михаил Кульков |
∞ | 12 October 1937 | 27 October 1938 |
1,801 years and 15 days | Russian | —
|
Chairman, Party Control Commission under the CPSU Central Committee in Rostov Regional Committee | —
|
Valerian Kuybyshev (1888–1935) Валериан Куйбышев |
† | 10 February 1934 | 25 January 1935 |
349 days | Russian | Chairman, State Planning Commission | PB, OB | |
Dmitry Lebed (1893–1937) Дмитрий Лебедь |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 12 October 1937 |
3 years and 244 days | Russian | —
|
Deputy Chairman, Council of People's Commissars Deputy Chairman, Council of Labor and Defense |
—
|
Maxim Litvinov (1876–1951) Макси́м Литви́нов |
—
|
10 February 1934 | 22 March 1939 |
5 years and 40 days | Lithuanian | People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs | —
| |
Semyon Lobov (1888–1937) Семён Лобов |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 23 June 1937 |
3 years and 133 days | Russian | —
|
People's Commissar for Forestry | —
|
Solomon Lozovsky (1892–1952) Соломон Лозовский |
—
|
12 October 1937 | 22 March 1939 |
1,801 years and 161 days | Russian | General Secretary, Central Committee of the Red International of Labour Unions | —
| |
(1882–1937) Исидор Любимов |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 23 June 1937 |
3 years and 133 days | Russian | —
|
People's Commissar for Light Industry | —
|
(1888–1949) Иван Макаров |
—
|
12 October 1937 | 22 March 1939 |
1 year and 161 days | Russian | —
|
Deputy People's Commissar for Heavy Industry | —
|
Dmitry Manuilsky (1883–1959) Дмитро Мануїльський |
—
|
10 February 1934 | 22 March 1939 |
5 years and 40 days | Ukrainian | Member, Presidium of the Executive Council of the Comintern Secretary, Executive Committee of the Comintern |
—
| |
Lev Mekhlis (1889–1953) Лев Ме́хлис |
—
|
12 October 1937 | 22 March 1939 |
1 year and 161 days | Ukrainian | Head, Political Directorate of the Red Army Deputy People's Commissar for Defense |
OB | |
Valery Mezhlauk (1893–1938) Валерий Межлаук |
‡ | 10 February 1934 | 20 January 1938 |
3 years and 344 days | Latvian | First Deputy Chairman, State Planning Commission | —
| |
(1902–1938) Михаил Михайлов |
∞ | 12 October 1937 | 10 November 1937 | 29 days | Russian | —
|
First Secretary, Voronezh Regional Committee | —
|
Anastas Mikoyan (1895–1978) Анаста́с Микоя́н |
—
|
10 February 1934 | 22 March 1939 |
5 years and 40 days | Armenian | People's Commissar for Supplies | PB(C), PB | |
Levon Mirzoyan (1887–1939) Левон Мирзоян |
¶ | 10 February 1934 | 23 May 1938 |
4 years and 102 days | Armenian | First Secretary, Kazakh Regional Committee | —
| |
Vyacheslav Molotov (1890–1986) Вячеслав Молотов |
—
|
10 February 1934 | 22 March 1939 |
5 years and 40 days | Russian | Chairman, Council of People's Commissars Chairman, Council of Labour and Defense |
PB | |
Klavdiya Nikolayeva (1893–1944) Клавдия Николаева |
—
|
10 February 1934 | 22 March 1939 |
5 years and 40 days | Russian | Second Secretary, West Siberian Regional Committee | —
| |
(1888–1937) Иван Носов |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 12 October 1937 |
3 years and 244 days | Russian | —
|
First Secretary, Ivanovo Industrial Regional Committee | —
|
Grigol Ordzhonikidze (1886–1937) Григо́рий Орджоники́дзе |
♠ | 10 February 1934 | 18 February 1937 |
3 years and 8 days | Georgian | People's Commissar for Heavy Industry | PB | |
Nikolay Pakhomov (1890–1938) Николай Пахомов |
∞ | 12 October 1937 | 9 April 1938 |
179 days | Russian | —
|
People's Commissar for Water Transport | —
|
Grigory Petrovsky (1878–1958) Григо́рій Петро́вський |
—
|
10 February 1934 | 22 March 1939 |
5 years and 40 days | Ukrainian | Chairman, Central Executive Committee of the All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets | PB(C) | |
Osip Piatnitsky (1882–1938) Осип Пятницкий |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 12 October 1937 |
3 years and 244 days | Russian | Member, Presidium of the Executive Committee of the Comintern | —
| |
Pavel Postyshev (1887–1939) Григо́рій Петро́вський |
¶ | 10 February 1934 | 11 September 1936 |
2 years and 214 days | Russian | First Secretary, Kiev Regional Committee | PB(C) | |
(1899–1938) Эдуард Прамнэк |
∞ | 12 October 1937 | 9 May 1938 |
209 days | Lithuanian | —
|
First Secretary, Donetsk Regional Committee | —
|
Georgy Pyatakov (1890–1937) Георгий Пятаков |
¶ | 10 February 1934 | 12 December 1935 |
2 years and 306 days | Russian | Deputy People's Commissar for Heavy Industry | —
| |
Mikhail Razumov (1894–1937) Михаил Разумов |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 23 June 1937 |
3 years and 133 days | Ukrainian | —
|
First Secretary, East Siberian Regional Committee | —
|
Jānis Rudzutaks (1887–1938) Ян Рудзутак |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 26 May 1937 |
3 years and 105 days | Latvian | Deputy Chairman, Council of People's Commissars Deputy Chairman, Council of Labour and Defense Chairman, Workers' and Peasants' Inspectorate |
PB(C) | |
Moisei Rukhimovich (1889–1938) Моисей Рухимович |
‡ | 10 February 1934 | 20 January 1938 |
3 years and 344 days | Russian | —
|
Managing Director, Board of Kuzbassugol | —
|
(1886–1937) Иван Румянцев |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 23 June 1937 |
3 years and 133 days | Russian | —
|
First Secretary, Western Regional Committee | —
|
(1893–1938) Кузьма Рындин |
‡ | 10 February 1934 | 20 January 1938 |
3 years and 344 days | Russian | —
|
First Secretary, Chelyabinsk Regional Committee | —
|
(1895–1937) Борис Шеболдаев |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 23 June 1937 |
3 years and 133 days | Russian | —
|
First Secretary, Azov–Black Sea Regional Committee | —
|
Nikolai Shvernik (1888–1970) Николай Шверник |
—
|
10 February 1934 | 22 March 1939 |
5 years and 40 days | Russian | Chairman, All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions | OB | |
Pyotr Smorodin (1897–1938) Пётр Смородин |
∞ | 12 October 1937 | 22 June 1938 |
253 days | Russian | First Secretary, Stalingrad Regional Committee | —
| |
Joseph Stalin (1878–1953) Ио́сиф Ста́лин |
—
|
10 February 1934 | 22 March 1939 |
5 years and 40 days | Georgian | General Secretary, Central Committee | PB, SC, OB | |
Aleksei Stetskii (1896–1938) Алексей Стецкий |
¶ | 10 February 1934 | 26 April 1938 |
4 years and 75 days | Russian | —
|
Head, Culture and Propaganda Department | OB |
Daniil Sulimov (1890–1937) Даниил Сулимов |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 23 June 1937 |
3 years and 133 days | Russian | —
|
Chairman, Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR | —
|
(1900–1939) Александр Угаров |
∞ | 12 October 1937 | 20 October 1938 |
1 year and 8 days | Russian | —
|
First Secretary, Moscow Regional Committee | —
|
Konstantin Ukhanov (1891–1937) Константин Уханов |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 22 May 1937 |
3 years and 101 days | Russian | —
|
People's Commissar for Supplies | —
|
Juozas Vareikis (1894–1938) Иосиф Варейкис |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 12 October 1937 |
3 years and 244 days | Lithuanian | —
|
First Secretary, Central Black Earth Economic Region | —
|
Kliment Voroshilov (1881–1969) Климент Ворошилов |
—
|
10 February 1934 | 22 March 1939 |
5 years and 40 days | Russian | People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs | PB | |
Yakov Yakovlev (1896–1938) Я́ков Я́ковлев |
‡ | 10 February 1934 | 20 January 1938 |
3 years and 344 days | Ukrainian | People's Commissar for Agriculture | —
| |
Isaak Zelensky (1890–1937) Исаак Зеленский |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 12 October 1937 |
3 years and 244 days | Russian | —
|
Chairman, Board of the Central Council of Consumer Societies | —
|
Genrikh Yagoda (1891–1938) Генрих Ягода |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 3 April 1938 |
4 years and 52 days | Russian | Deputy Chairman, Joint State Political Directorate Member, Special Council of the Joint State Political Directorate |
—
| |
Iona Yakir (1896–1937) Иона Якир |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 30 May 1937 |
3 years and 109 days | Moldovan | Commander, Ukrainian Military District | —
| |
Yefim Yevdokimov (1891–1940) Ефи́м Евдоки́мов |
¶ | 10 February 1934 | 9 November 1938 | 4 years and 272 days | Russian | First Secretary, North Caucasian Regional Committee | —
| |
Nikolai Yezhov (1895–1940) Николай Ежов |
—
|
10 February 1934 | 22 March 1939 |
5 years and 40 days | Russian | —
|
Head, Administrative, Enterprise and Trade Union Cadres Department | PB(C), SC, OB |
Andrei Zhdanov (1896–1948) Андрей Жданов |
—
|
10 February 1934 | 22 March 1939 |
5 years and 40 days | Russian | First Secretary, Gorky Regional Committee | PB(C) | |
Ivan Zhukov (1889–1937) Иван Жуков |
∞ | 10 February 1934 | 23 June 1937 |
3 years and 133 days | Russian | —
|
Deputy People's Commissars for Communications | —
|
Candidates[]
Name (birth–death) Cyrillic |
K | Left office | Tenure | Ethnicity | Portrait | Position held (upon election) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mir Jafar Baghirov (1896–1956) Мир Багиров |
↑ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Azerbaijani | —
|
First Secretary, Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Azerbaijan |
(1896–1938) Георгий Благонравов |
∞ | 23 June 1937 | 3 years and 133 days | Russian | —
|
First Deputy People's Commissar for Railways |
Vasily Blyukher (1890–1938) Георгий Благонравов |
↑ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Russian | Commander, Special Red Banner Far Eastern Army | |
Grigory Broydo (1883–1956) Григорий Бройдо |
—
|
22 March 1939 | 5 years and 40 days | Russian | —
|
First Secretary, Central Committee of the Communist Party of Tajikistan |
Semyon Budyonny (1883–1973) Семён Будённый |
—
|
22 March 1939 | 5 years and 40 days | Russian | Cavalry Inspector, Red Army | |
Nikolai Bukharin (1888–1938) Никола́й Буха́рин |
∞ | 27 February 1937 | 3 years and 17 days | Russian | Editor-in-chief, Izvestia | |
Nikolai Bulganin (1895–1975) Николай Булганин |
↑ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Russian | Chairman, Executive Committee of the Moscow City Soviet | |
Anton Bulin (1894–1938) Антон Булин |
↑ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Russian | —
|
Deputy Head, Political Directorate of the Red Army |
(1888–1938) Яков Быкин |
∞ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Russian | —
|
First Secretary, Bashkir Regional Committee |
Nikolai Demchenko (1896–1937) Николай Демченко |
∞ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Ukrainian | —
|
First Secretary, Kharkiv Regional Committee |
Terenty Deribas (1896–1937) Терентий Дерибас |
∞ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Russian | —
|
Member, Council of the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs |
Shalva Eliava (1883–1937) Шалва Элиава |
∞ | 19 May 1937 | 3 years and 98 days | Georgian | Deputy People's Commissar for Foreign Trade | |
(1891–1939) Николай Филатов |
∞ | 23 June 1937 | 3 years and 133 days | Russian | —
|
Chairman, Moscow City Control Commission |
Nikolai Gikalo (1897–1938) Николай Гикало |
∞ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Ukrainian | —
|
First Secretary, Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Byelorussia |
Nikolay Goloded (1894–1937) Николай Голодед |
∞ | 23 June 1937 | 3 years and 133 days | Belarusian | —
|
Chairman, Council of People's Commissar of the Byelorussian SSR |
(1893–1938) Фёдор Грядинский |
∞ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Russian | —
|
Chairman, Executive Committee of the West Siberian Regional Soviet |
Hryhoriy Hrynko (1890–1938) Григорий Гринько |
∞ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Ukrainian | —
|
People's Commissar for Finance |
Uraz Isayev (1899–1938) Ураз Исаев |
↑ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Kazakh | —
|
Chairman, Council of People's Commissar of the Kazakh ASSR |
(1895–1937) Анна Калыгина |
∞ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Russian | —
|
First Secretary, Kalinin District Committee |
(1888–1937) Моисей Калманович |
∞ | 23 June 1937 | 3 years and 133 days | Russian | —
|
Chairman, Board of the State Bank |
Grigory Kaminsky (1895–1938) Григорий Каминский |
∞ | 26 June 1937 | 3 years and 136 days | Russian | People's Commissar for Health of the Russian SFSR | |
Nikolay Komarov (1886–1937) Николай Комаров |
∞ | 23 June 1937 | 3 years and 133 days | Russian | —
|
People's Commissar for Communal Services |
Nikolai kubyak (1881–1937) Николай Кубяк |
∞ | 23 June 1937 | 3 years and 133 days | Russian | Chairman, All-Union Council for Communal Services of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets | |
(1891–1939) Михаил Кульков |
↑ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Russian | —
|
First Secretary, Proletarian District Committee |
(1892–1937) Василий Курицын |
∞ | 23 June 1937 | 3 years and 133 days | Russian | —
|
Director, Lugansk Locomotive Factory |
(1892–1937) Альфред Лепа |
∞ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Latvian | —
|
First Secretary, Tatar Regional Committee |
Solomon Lozovsky (1892–1952) Соломон Лозовский |
↑ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Russian | General Secretary, Central Committee of the Red International of Labour Unions | |
Panas Lyubchenko (1897–1937) Соломон Лозовский |
♠ | 29 August 1937 | 3 years and 200 days | Ukrainian | Deputy Chairman, Council of People's Commissar of the Ukrainian SSR | |
(1888–1949) Иван Макаров |
↑ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Russian | —
|
Director, Stalingrad Metallurgical Plant |
Lev Mekhlis (1889–1953) Лев Мехлис |
↑ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Ukrainian | Editor-in-chief, Pravda | |
(1902–1938) Михаил Михайлов |
↑ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Russian | —
|
Secretary, Moscow Regional Committee |
(1894–1937) Василий Михайлов |
∞ | 23 June 1937 | 3 years and 133 days | Russian | —
|
Head of Construction of the Palace of the Soviets |
Gazanfar Musabekov (1888–1938) Газанфар Мусабеков |
∞ | 23 June 1937 | 3 years and 133 days | Azerbaijani | —
|
Chairman, Council of People's Commissars of the Transcaucasian SFSR |
Valerian Osinsky (1887–1938) Валериан Оболенск��й |
∞ | 23 June 1937 | 3 years and 133 days | Russian | —
|
Head, Central Directorate of National Economic Accounting of the State Planning Commission at the Council of People's Commissars |
Nikolai Pakhomov (1890–1938) Николай Пахомов |
↑ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Russian | —
|
Chairman, Executive Committee of the Gorky Regional Soviet |
(1888–1937) Иван Павлуновский |
∞ | 23 June 1937 | 3 years and 133 days | Russian | —
|
Deputy People's Commissar for Heavy Industry |
Vladimir Polonsky (1893–1937) Владимир Полонский |
∞ | 23 June 1937 | 3 years and 133 days | Russian | —
|
Deputy People's Commissar for Railways |
Nikolai Popov (1891–1938) Николай Попов |
∞ | 23 June 1937 | 3 years and 133 days | Russian | —
|
Third Secretary, Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine |
Alexander Poskrebyshev (1891–1965) Александр Поскрёбышев |
—
|
22 March 1939 | 5 years and 40 days | Russian | —
|
Head, Secret Department |
Boris Pozern (1882–1939) Борис Позерн |
¶ | 9 July 1938 | 4 years and 149 days | Russian-German | Head, Culture and Propaganda Department of the Leningrad Regional Committee | |
(1891–1965) Эдуард Прамнэк |
↑ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Latvian | Second Secretary, Gorky Regional Committee | |
Vladimir Ptukha (1894–1938) Владимир Птуха |
∞ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Ukrainian | First Secretary, Stalingrad Regional Committee | |
Arkady Rosengolts (1889–1938) Аркадий Розенгольц |
∞ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Belarusian | —
|
People's Commissar for Foreign Trade |
Alexei Rykov (1881–1938) Алексей Рыков |
∞ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Russian | People's Commissar for Communications | |
(1898–1938) Саркис Саркисов |
‡ | 20 January 1938 | 3 years and 344 days | Armenian | First Secretary, Donetsk Regional Committee | |
(1879–1951) Исаак Шварц |
—
|
22 March 1939 | 5 years and 40 days | Ukrainian | —
|
Chairman, Central Committee of the Union of Coal and Steel Workers |
(1894–1938) Алексей Седельников |
∞ | 23 June 1937 | 3 years and 133 days | Russian | —
|
First Secretary, Tula Regional Committee |
(1890–1937) Борис Семёнов |
‡ | 20 January 1938 | 3 years and 344 days | Russian | —
|
First Secretary, Crimean Regional Committee |
Alexander Serebrovsky (1884–1938) Александр Серебровский |
∞ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Russian | —
|
Deputy People's Commissar for Heavy Industry |
(1887–1934) Александр Штейнгарт |
† | 19 February 1934 | 9 days | Ukrainian | —
|
First Secretary, Saratov Regional Committee |
(1895–1937) Владимир Шубриков |
∞ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Russian | —
|
First Secretary, Kuybyshev Regional Committee |
Pyotr Smorodin (1897–1939) Пётр Смородин |
↑ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Russian | First Secretary, Vyborg District Committee | |
Grigori Sokolnikov (1888–1939) Григорий Сокольников |
∞ | 7 December 1936 | 2 years and 301 days | Ukrainian | Deputy People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs | |
(1885–1938) Константин Стриевский |
‡ | 20 January 1938 | 3 years and 344 days | Belarusian | —
|
People's Commissar for Light Industry |
(1889–1937) Пётр Струппе |
∞ | 29 June 1937 | 3 years and 136 days | Russian | Chairman, Executive Committee of the Leningrad Soviet | |
Mikhail Tomsky (1880–1936) Михаил Томский |
♠ | 22 August 1936 | 2 years and 194 days | Russian | Head, Association of State Publishing Houses | |
Ivan Tovstukha (1889–1935) Иван Товстуха |
† | 9 August 1935 | 1 year and 180 days | Ukrainian | Deputy Director, Institute of Marx–Engels–Lenin of the Central Committee | |
Mikhail Tukhachevsky (1893–1937) Михаи́л Тухаче́вский |
∞ | 25 May 1937 | 3 years and 104 days | Russian | Deputy People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs | |
Ieronim Uborevich (1896–1937) Иероним Уборевич |
∞ | 30 May 1937 | 3 years and 109 days | Lithuanian | Commander, Belorussian Military District | |
(1900–1939) Александр Угаров |
↑ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Russian | —
|
Head, Culture and Propaganda Department of the Leningrad City Committee |
Józef Unszlicht (1879–1938) Ио́сиф У́ншлихт |
∞ | 23 June 1937 | 3 years and 133 days | Polish | Head, Civil Aviation Department at the Council of People's Commissars | |
(1899–1937) Евгений Вегер |
∞ | 23 June 1937 | 3 years and 133 days | Russian | —
|
First Secretary, Odessa Regional Committee |
Alexander Yegorov (1883–1939) Александр Егоров |
¶ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Russian | —
|
Chief of Staff, Red Army |
(1891–1946) Гавриил Вейнберг |
—
|
22 March 1939 | 5 years and 40 days | Polish | —
|
Secretary, All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions |
(1895–1937) Иван Ерёмин |
∞ | 12 October 1937 | 3 years and 244 days | Russian | —
|
Deputy People's Commissar for Light Industry |
(1898–1986) Тихон Юркин |
—
|
22 March 1939 | 5 years and 40 days | Russian | —
|
People's Commissar for Grain and Livestock |
Avraami Zavenyagin (1901–1956) Авраамий Завенягин |
—
|
22 March 1939 | 5 years and 40 days | Russian | —
|
Director, Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Combine |
Volodymyr Zatonsky (1888–1938) Володи́мир Зато́нський |
‡ | 20 January 1938 | 3 years and 344 days | Ukrainian | People's Commissar for Education of the Ukrainian SSR |
References[]
General[]
Plenary sessions, apparatus heads, ethnicity (by clicking on the individual names on "The Central Committee elected by the XVIIth Congress of the CPSU (b) 2/10/1934 members" reference), the Central Committee full- and candidate membership, Politburo membership, Secretariat membership and Orgburo membership were taken from these sources:
- Staff writer. "Съезды, конференции, пленумы и заседания РСДРП – РСДРП(б) – РКП(б) – ВКП(б) – КПСС" [Congresses, conferences, plenary meetings and meetings of the RSDLP – RSDLP (b) – RCP (b) – AUCP (b) – CPSU] (in Russian). Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- Staff writer. "Персональный состав Центрального комитета РСДРП – РСДРП(б) – РКП(б) – ВКП(б) – КПСС" [Membership of the Central Committee of the RSDLP – RSDLP (b) – RCP (b) – AUCP (b) – CPSU] (in Russian). Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- Staff writer. "Центральный Комитет, избранный XVII-м съездом ВКП(б) 10.2.1934, члены" [The Central Committee elected by the XVIIth Congress of the CPSU (b) 2/10/1934 members] (in Russian). Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- Staff writer. "Управление делами ЦК РКП(б) – ВКП(б) – КПСС" [Chief Administrator of the RCP (b) – AUCP (b) – CPSU] (in Russian). Retrieved 22 June 2015.
- Staff writer. "Сельскохозяйственный отдел ЦК ВКП(б)" [Agriculture Department of the AUCP (b)] (in Russian). Retrieved 22 June 2015.
- Staff writer. "Сельскохозяйственный отдел ЦК ВКП(б)" [Culture and Educational Work Department of the AUCP (b)] (in Russian). Retrieved 22 June 2015.
- Staff writer. "Промышленный отдел ЦК ВКП(б)" [Industrial Department of the AUCP (b)] (in Russian). Retrieved 22 June 2015.
- Staff writer. "Отдел культуры и пропаганды ленинизма ЦК ВКП(б)" [Leninist Culture and Propaganda Department of the AUCP (b)] (in Russian). Retrieved 22 June 2015.
- Staff writer. "Планово-финансово-торговый отдел ЦК ВКП(б)" [Planning, Finance and Trade Department of the AUCP (b)] (in Russian). Retrieved 22 June 2015.
- Staff writer. "Политико-административный отдел ЦК ВКП(б)" [Political-Administrative Department of the AUCP (b)] (in Russian). Retrieved 22 June 2015.
- Staff writer. "Отдел партийной пропаганды и агитации ЦК ВКП(б)" [Propaganda Department of the AUCP (b)] (in Russian). Retrieved 22 June 2015.
- Staff writer. "Отдел школ ЦК ЦК ВКП(б)" [School Department of the AUCP (b)] (in Russian). Retrieved 22 June 2015.
- Staff writer. "Отдел науки, научно-технических изобретений и открытий ЦК ВКП(б)" [Science and Scientific-technological Discoveries Department of the AUCP (b)] (in Russian). Retrieved 22 June 2015.
- Staff writer. "Секретно-оперативный отдел - Бюро Секретариата - Секретный отдел - Особый сектор ЦК РКП(б) - ВКП(б) - КПСС" [Secret Operations Department—Office of the Secretariat—Secret Department—Special Sector of the RCP (b) – AUCP (b) – CPSU] (in Russian). Retrieved 22 June 2015.
- Staff writer. "Транспортный отдел ЦК ВКП(б)" [Transportation Department of the AUCP (b)] (in Russian). Retrieved 22 June 2015.
Bibliography[]
- Fainsod, Merle; Hough, Jerry F. (1979). How the Soviet Union is Governed. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674410305.
- Getty, J. Arch; Naumov, Oleg V. (2010). Sher, Benjamin (ed.). The Road to Terror: Stalin and the Self-Destruction of the Bolsheviks, 1932–1939. Annals of Communism Series. Yale University Press. ISBN 0300104073.
- Khlevniuk, Oleg (2009). Master of the House: Stalin and His Inner Circle. The Yale-Hoover Series on Stalin, Stalinism, and the Cold War. Yale University Press. ISBN 0300110669.
- Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1984). "Chapter 3: Statute of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union". In Simons, Williams; White, Stephens (eds.). The Party Statutes of the Communist World. Law in Eastern Europe. Brill Publishers. pp. 413–435. ISBN 9024729750.
- Rogovin, Vadim (2009). Stalin's Terror of 1937–1938: Political Genocide in the USSR. Mehring Books. ISBN 1893638049.
Notes[]
- ^ Khlevniuk 2009, p. 86.
- ^ Khlevniuk 2009, p. 94.
- ^ a b Khlevniuk 2009, p. 100.
- ^ Khlevniuk 2009, p. 101.
- ^ Rogovin 2009, p. 179.
- ^ Rogovin 2009, pp. 179–180.
- ^ a b c d e Rogovin 2009, p. 176.
- ^ Rogovin 2009, pp. 176–177.
- ^ Rogovin 2009, p. 177.
- ^ Getty & Naumov 2010, pp. 467–468.
- ^ Getty & Naumov 2010, pp. 468.
- ^ Getty & Naumov 2010, pp. 467.
- ^ Rogovin 2009, p. 175.
- ^ Simons & White 1984, pp. 423–425.
- ^ Fainsod & Hough 1979, p. 410.
- ^ Fainsod & Hough 1979, pp. 410–411 & 417–419.
- ^ Fainsod & Hough 1979, pp. 417–419.
- Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
- 1934 establishments in the Soviet Union
- 1939 disestablishments in the Soviet Union