Chancellor of the Exchequer

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Not to be confused with Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland, Lord Chancellor, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, Chancellor of the High Court, or Chief Baron of the Exchequer.

Chancellor and Under-Treasurer
of HM Exchequer
Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (HM Government).svg
Royal Arms of HM Government
Chancellor Rishi Sunak (cropped).jpg
Incumbent
Rishi Sunak
since 13 February 2020 (2020-02-13)
Her Majesty's Treasury
StyleChancellor
(informal)
The Right Honourable
(UK and the Commonwealth)
StatusGreat Office of State
Member ofCabinet
Privy Council
National Security Council
Reports toThe Prime Minister
Residence11 Downing Street
SeatWestminster
AppointerThe Crown
on advice of the Prime Minister
Term lengthAt Her Majesty's pleasure
Formation22 June 1316
First holderHervey de Stanton
in the Kingdom of England only
DeputyChief Secretary to the Treasury
Salary£71,090 (excluding £81,932 salary as Member of Parliament (MP))
Websitewww.gov.uk/government/ministers/chancellor-of-the-exchequer Edit this at Wikidata

The chancellor of the Exchequer,[a] often abbreviated to the chancellor,[1] is the second highest high-ranking minister of the Crown within the Government of the United Kingdom after the prime minister, and head of Her Majesty's Treasury. As one of the four Great Offices of State, the chancellor is a high level member of the British Cabinet.

Responsible for all economic and financial matters, the role is equivalent to that of a finance minister in other countries. The chancellor is now always Second Lord of the Treasury as one of at least six Lords Commissioners of the Treasury, responsible for executing the office of the Lord High Treasurer – the others are the Prime Minister and Commons government whips. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, it was common for the prime minister also to serve as Chancellor of the Exchequer if he sat in the Commons; the last chancellor who was simultaneously prime minister and Chancellor of the Exchequer was Stanley Baldwin in 1923. Formerly, in cases when the chancellorship was vacant, the Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench would act as chancellor pro tempore.[2] The last Lord Chief Justice to serve in this way was Lord Denman in 1834.

The chancellor is the third-oldest major state office in English and British history, and in recent times has come to be the most powerful office in British politics after the prime minister. They originally carried responsibility for the Exchequer, the medieval English institution for the collection and auditing of royal revenues. The earliest surviving records which are the results of the exchequer's audit, date from 1129–30 under King Henry I and show continuity from previous years.[3] The chancellor has oversight of fiscal policy, therefore of taxation and public spending across Government departments. It previously controlled monetary policy as well until 1997, when the Bank of England was granted independent control of its interest rates.

Second Lord of the Treasury[]

The holder of the office of Chancellor of the Exchequer is ex officio Second Lord of the Treasury as a member of the commission exercising the ancient office of Lord High Treasurer.[4] As Second Lord, his official residence is 11 Downing Street in London, next door to the residence of the first lord of the Treasury (a title that has for many years been held by the prime minister), who resides in 10 Downing Street. While in the past both houses were private residences, today they serve as interlinked offices, with the occupant living in an apartment made from attic rooms previously resided in by servants.

Since 1827, the chancellor has always simultaneously held the office of Second Lord of the Treasury when that person has not also been the prime minister.

Roles and responsibilities[]

A previous chancellor, Robert Lowe, described the office in the following terms in the House of Commons, on 11 April 1870: "The Chancellor of the Exchequer is a man whose duties make him more or less of a taxing machine. He is entrusted with a certain amount of misery which it is his duty to distribute as fairly as he can."

Fiscal policy[]

The chancellor has considerable control over other departments as it is the Treasury which sets Departmental Expenditure Limits. The amount of power this gives to an individual chancellor depends on his personal forcefulness, his status within his party and his relationship with the prime minister. Gordon Brown, who became chancellor when Labour came into Government in 1997, had a large personal power base in the party. Perhaps as a result, Tony Blair chose to keep him in the same position throughout his ten years as prime minister; making Brown an unusually dominant figure and the longest-serving chancellor since the Reform Act of 1832.[5] This has strengthened a pre-existing trend towards the chancellor occupying a clear second position among government ministers, elevated above his traditional peers, the foreign secretary and home secretary.

One part of the chancellor's key roles involves the framing of the annual year budget. As of 2017, the first is the Autumn Budget, also known as Budget Day which forecasts government spending in the next financial year and also announces new financial measures. The second is a Spring Statement, also known as a "mini-Budget". Britain's tax year has retained the old Julian end of year: 24 March (Old Style) / 5 April (New Style, i.e. Gregorian). From 1993, the Budget was in spring, preceded by an annual autumn statement. This was then called Pre-Budget Report. The Autumn Statement usually took place in November or December. The 1997, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2012 and 2016 budgets were all delivered on a Wednesday, summarised in a speech to the House of Commons.

The budget is a state secret until the chancellor reveals it in his speech to Parliament. Hugh Dalton, on his way to giving the budget speech in 1947, inadvertently blurted out key details to a newspaper reporter, and they appeared in print before he made his speech. Dalton was actually forced to resign.[6]

Monetary policy[]

Although the Bank of England is responsible for setting interest rates, the chancellor also plays an important part in the monetary policy structure. He sets the inflation target which the Bank must set interest rates to meet. Under the Bank of England Act 1998 the chancellor has the power of appointment of four out of nine members of the Bank's Monetary Policy Committee – the so-called 'external' members. He also has a high level of influence over the appointment of the Bank's Governor and Deputy Governors, and has the right of consultation over the appointment of the two remaining MPC members from within the Bank.[7] The Act also provides that the Government has the power to give instructions to the Bank on interest rates for a limited period in extreme circumstances. This power has never been officially used.

Ministerial arrangements[]

At HM Treasury the chancellor is supported by a political team of four junior ministers and by permanent civil servants. The most important junior minister is the chief secretary to the Treasury, a member of the Cabinet, to whom the negotiations with other government departments on the details of government spending are delegated, followed by the paymaster general, the financial secretary to the Treasury and the economic secretary to the Treasury. Whilst not continuously in use, there can also be appointed a commercial secretary to the Treasury and an exchequer secretary to the Treasury. Two other officials are given the title of a Secretary to the Treasury, although neither is a government minister in the Treasury: the parliamentary secretary to the Treasury is the Government Chief Whip in the House of Commons; the permanent secretary to the Treasury is not a minister but the senior civil servant in the Treasury.

The chancellor is obliged to be a member of the Privy Council, and thus is styled the Right Honourable (Rt. Hon.). Because the House of Lords is excluded from financial matters by tradition confirmed by the Parliament Acts, the office is effectively limited to members of the House of Commons; apart from these occasions (see above) when the lord chief justice of the King's Bench has acted as interim chancellor the last peer to hold the office was Henry Booth, 1st Earl of Warrington (at that time only a Baron, Lord Delamer) from 9 April 1689 to 18 March 1690. The chancellor holds the formerly independent office of Master of the Mint as a subsidiary office.[8]

Perquisites of the office[]

Official residence[]

The chancellor of the Exchequer has no official London residence as such but since 1828 in his role as Second Lord of the Treasury he lives in the second lord's official residence, No. 11 Downing Street.[9] In 1997, the then first and second Lords, Tony Blair and Gordon Brown respectively, swapped apartments, as the Chancellor's apartment in No. 11 was bigger and thus better suited to the needs of Blair (who had children living with him, including one born during his tenure) than Brown who was at that stage unmarried.

Dorneywood[]

Main article: Dorneywood

Dorneywood is the summer residence that is traditionally made available to the chancellor, though it is the prime minister who ultimately decides who may use it. Gordon Brown, on becoming chancellor in 1997, refused to use it and the house, which is set in 215 acres (87 ha)[10] of parkland, was allocated to Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott. It reverted to the chancellor in 2007, then Alistair Darling.[11]

Budget box[]

Budget box or Gladstone box, c. 1860

The chancellor traditionally carries his Budget speech to the House of Commons in a particular red Despatch Box. The chancellor's red briefcase is identical to the briefcases used by all other government ministers (known as ministerial boxes or "Despatch Boxes") to transport their official papers but is better known because the chancellor traditionally displays the briefcase, containing the Budget speech, to the press in the morning before delivering the speech.

The original Budget briefcase was first used by William Ewart Gladstone in 1853 and continued in use until 1965 when James Callaghan was the first chancellor to break with tradition when he used a newer box. Prior to Gladstone, a generic red Despatch Box of varying design and specification was used. The practice is said to have begun in the late 16th century, when Queen Elizabeth I's representative Francis Throckmorton presented the Spanish Ambassador, Bernardino de Mendoza, with a specially constructed red briefcase filled with black puddings.[citation needed]

In July 1997, Gordon Brown became the second chancellor to use a new box for the Budget. Made by industrial trainees at Babcock Rosyth Defence Ltd ship and submarine dockyard in Fife, the new box is made of yellow pine, with a brass handle and lock, covered in scarlet leather and embossed with the Royal cypher and crest and the Chancellor's title. In his first Budget, in March 2008, Alistair Darling reverted to using the original budget briefcase and his successor, George Osborne, continued this tradition for his first budget, before announcing that it would be retired due to its fragile condition.[12] The key to the original budget box has been lost.[13]

Budget tipple[]

By tradition, the chancellor has been allowed to drink whatever they wish while making the annual Budget Speech to parliament. This includes alcohol, which is otherwise banned under parliamentary rules.

Previous chancellors have opted for whisky (Kenneth Clarke), gin and tonic (Geoffrey Howe), brandy and water (Benjamin Disraeli and John Major), spritzer (Nigel Lawson) and sherry and beaten egg (William Gladstone).[14]

The recent chancellors, Philip Hammond, George Osborne, Alistair Darling and Gordon Brown,[15] opted for water. In fact Darling drank what was named "Standard Water" in reference to, and support of, the London Evening Standard newspaper's campaign to have plain tap water available in restaurants at no charge to customers.[16]

Robe of office[]

The chancellor has a robe of office,[17] similar to that of the lord chancellor (as seen in several of the portraits depicted below). In recent times, it has only regularly been worn at coronations, but some chancellors (at least until the 1990s) have also worn it when attending the Trial of the Pyx as Master of the Mint. According to George Osborne, the robe (dating from Gladstone's time in office, and worn by the likes of Lloyd George and Churchill)[18] 'went missing' during Gordon Brown's time as chancellor.[19]

List of Chancellors of the Exchequer[]

Chancellors of the Exchequer of England (c. 1221 – c. 1558)[]

Chancellor of the Exchequer of England
Portrait Name Term of office Monarch
(Reign)
No image.svg Eustace of Fauconberg
Bishop of London
(died 1228) 		c. 1221 N/A Henry III
Coat of Arms of England (-1340).svg
(1216–1272)
No image.svg John Maunsell
Secretary of State
(1190/95–1265) 		c. 1234 N/A
before 1248
1248 N/A
before 1263
No image.svg John Chishull
Lord Chancellor[1221 1]
(died 1280) 		1263 1265
No image.svg Walter Giffard
Bishop of Bath and Wells
(c. 1225 – 1279) 		1265 1266
No image.svg Godfrey Giffard
Lord Chancellor
(c. 1235 – 1302) 		1266 1268
No image.svg John Chishull
Lord Chancellor
(died 1280) 		1268 1269
No image.svg Richard of Middleton
Archdeacon of Northumberland
(died 1272) 		1269 1272†
before 1283
Edward I
Coat of Arms of England (-1340).svg
(1272–1307)
Philip de Willoughby 1283 1305
No image.svg Sir John Benstead
KB
Secretary of State
(c. 1275 – 1323/24) 		1305 1306
No image.svg John Sandale
Bishop of Winchester
(died 1319) 		c. July
1307 		1308 Edward II
Coat of Arms of England (-1340).svg
(1307–1327)
John of Markenfield 1309 1312
No image.svg John Hotham
Bishop of Ely
(died 1337) 		1312 1316
No image.svg Hervey de Stanton
(1260–1327) 		1316 c. 1323
BishopWalterStapledon ExeterCathedral.JPG Walter de Stapledon
Lord High Treasurer
(1261–1326) 		1323 c. 1324
No image.svg Hervey de Stanton
Chief Justice of the Common Pleas
(1260–1327) 		1324 c. January
1327
No image.svg Adam de Harvington
(c. 1270 – c. 1345) 		c. January
1327 		1330 Edward III
Coat of Arms of Edward III of England (1327-1377) (Attributed).svg
(1327–1377)
[1221 2]
No image.svg Robert Wodehouse
(died 1346) 		1330 1331
Chichestercathedralrobertstratfordtomb.jpg Robert de Stratford
Bishop of Chichester
(c. 1292 – 1362) 		1331 1334
c. 1338 N/A
1341 N/A

Archdeacon of Northampton 		1363 N/A
No image.svg Sir Robert de Ashton
(died 1385) 		1375 c. June
1377
c. June
1377 		c. September
1399 		Richard II
Coat of Arms of Richard II of England (1377-1399).svg
(1377–1399)
No image.svg Henry Somer
MP for Middlesex
(c. 1370 – 1450) 		1410 1437 Henry IV
Coat of Arms of Henry IV of England (1399-1413).svg
(1399–1413)
Henry V
Coat of Arms of Henry IV & V of England (1413-1422).svg
(1413–1422)
​ Henry VI
Coat of Arms of Henry VI of England (1422-1471).svg
(1422–1461)
[1221 3]
No image.svg John Somerset
(died 1454) 		1441 1447
No image.svg Sir Thomas Browne
MP for Dover
(1402–1460) 		1440? 1450?
No image.svg Thomas Witham
(c. 1420 – 1489) 		1454 N/A
No image.svg Thomas Thwaites
(c. 1435–1503) 		c. March
1461 		N/A Edward IV
Coat of Arms of Edward IV of England (1461-1483).svg
(1461–1470)
No image.svg Thomas Witham
(c. 1420 – 1489) 		1465 1469
​ Sir Richard Fowler
(c. 1425 – 1477) 		1469 c. April
1471
Henry VI
Coat of Arms of Henry VI of England (1422-1471).svg
(1470–1471)
No image.svg Thomas Thwaites
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
(c. 1435–1503) 		c. April
1471 		c. April
1483 		Edward IV
Coat of Arms of Edward IV of England (1461-1483).svg
(1471–1483)
William Catesby, memorial brass.jpg Sir William Catesby
Speaker of the House of Commons
(1450–1485) 		c. April
1483 		c. 1484 Edward V
Coat of Arms of Edward V of England (1483).svg
(1483)
[1221 4]
Richard III
Coat of Arms of Richard III of England (1483-1485).svg
(1483–1485)
Sir Thomas Lovell, bronze medallion.jpg Sir Thomas Lovell
Speaker of the House of Commons[1221 5]
(died 1524) 		c. August
1485 		1524 Henry VII
Coat of Arms of Henry VII of England (1485-1509).svg
(1485–1509)
​ Henry VIII
Coat of Arms of England (1509-1554).svg
(1509–1547)
[1221 6]
John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners by Ambrosius Benson.jpg John Bourchier
2nd Baron Berners
PC
(1467–1533) 		1524 1533?
Cromwell,Thomas(1EEssex)01.jpg Thomas Cromwell
1st Earl of Essex
KGPC
Secretary of State
(c. 1485 – 1540) 		12 April
1533 		10 June
1540
​ Sir John Baker
MP for Kent
(1488–1558) 		1545 c. November
1558
SirJohnBaker.jpg
Edward VI
Coat of Arms of England (1509-1554).svg
(1547–1553)
[1221 7]
Mary I
Coat of Arms of England (1554-1558).svg
(1553–1558)
^† Died in office.
  1. ^ Served until 1264.
  2. ^ Lord Lancaster served as Regent of England during the minority of Edward III.
  3. ^ The Regency government led by the Regency Council governed England during the minority of Henry VI.
  4. ^ The Duke of Gloucester served as Regent of England during the reign of Edward V.
  5. ^ Served until 1488.
  6. ^ Margaret Beaufort served as Regent of England during the minority of Henry VIII.
  7. ^ The Duke of Somerset and Duke of Northumberland served as Regent of England respectively during the reign of Edward VI.

Chancellors of the Exchequer of England (c. 1558 – 1708)[]

Chancellor of the Exchequer of England[20]
Portrait Name[b]
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Monarch
(Reign) 		Ref.
No image.svg Sir Richard Sackville
MP for Sussex
(c. 1507 – 1566) 		February
1559 		21 April
1566† 		Elizabeth I
Coat of Arms of England (1558-1603).svg
(1558–1603) 		[20]
Walter Mildmay.jpg Sir Walter Mildmay
MP for Northamptonshire
(c. 1523 – 1589) 		1566 31 May
1589† 		[20]
Sir John Fortescue by Sidney Hunt.jpg Sir John Fortescue
MP for Buckinghamshire[1558 1] →
Middlesex[1558 2]
(c. 1531 – 1607)
 1589 1603 [20]
James I
Coat of Arms of England (1603-1649).svg
(1603–1625)
George Home 1st Earl of Dunbar.jpg The Right Honourable
George Home
1st Earl of Dunbar
PC
(c. 1556 – 1611) 		24 May
1603 		April
1606 		[20]
Unknown man, formerly known as Sir Julius Caesar from NPG.jpg Sir Julius Caesar
MP for Middlesex
(1557/1558–1636) 		11 April
1606 		1614 [20]
Fulkegrevillee.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir Fulke Greville
KB
MP for Warwickshire[1558 3]
(1554–1628) 		15 October
1614 		1621 [20]
RichardWeston.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir Richard Weston
KG
MP for 4 constituencies respectively
(1577 – c. 1634) 		29 January
1621 		15 July
1628 		[20]
Charles I
Coat of Arms of England (1603-1649).svg
(1625–1649)
No image.svg The Right Honourable
Edward Barrett
1st Lord Barrett of Newburgh
PC
(1581 – c. 1645) 		14 August
1628 		1629 [20]
Francis Cottington, 1st Baron Cottington from NPG.jpg The Right Honourable
Francis Cottington
1st Baron Cottington
PC
(c. 1579 – 1652) 		18 April
1629 		6 January
1642 		[20]
1stLordColepeper.jpg Sir John Colepeper
MP for Kent
(c. 1600 – 1660) 		6 January
1642 		22 February
1643 		[20]
WH 1st Earl of Clarendon.png The Right Honourable
Sir Edward Hyde
(1609–1674) 		February
1643 		1646 [20]
Vacancy during the Interregnum (1649–1660)
Portrait Name[b]
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Ministry Monarch
(Reign) 		Ref.
WH 1st Earl of Clarendon.png The Right Honourable
Edward Hyde
1st Baron Hyde
KtPC
(1609–1674) 		1660 13 May
1661 		Clarendon Charles II
Coat of Arms of England (1660-1689).svg
(1660–1685) 		[20]
Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury.jpg The Right Honourable
Anthony Ashley Cooper
1st Baron Ashley
PC
(1621–1683) 		13 May
1661 		22 November
1672 		[20]
Cabal
No image.svg Sir John Duncombe
MP for Bury St Edmunds
(1622–1687) 		22 November
1672 		2 May
1676 		[20]
Danby I
​ Sir John Ernle
MP for 4 constituencies respectively
(1620–1697) 		2 May
1676 		9 April
1689 		[20]
Privy Council
​ Chits
James II
Coat of Arms of England (1660-1689).svg
(1685–1688)
​ William III
&
Mary II
Coat of Arms of England (1689-1694).svg
(1689–1694)
Henrybooth.jpg The Right Honourable
Henry Booth
2nd Baron Delamer
PC
(1652–1694) 		9 April
1689 		18 March
1690 		Carmarthen–Halifax [20]
No image.svg Richard Hampden
MP for Buckinghamshire
(c. 1631 – 1695) 		18 March
1690 		10 May
1694 		Carmarthen [20]
Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt.jpg The Right Honourable
Charles Montagu
FRS
MP for Maldon →
Westminster[1558 4]
(1661–1715)
 10 May
1694 		31 May
1699 		Whig Junto I [20]
William III
Coat of Arms of England (1694-1702).svg
(1694–1702)
JohnSmithSpeaker.jpg Sir John Smith
MP for Andover
(1655/56–1723) 		31 May
1699 		23 March
1701 		[20]
​ Henry Boyle
MP for Cambridge University →
Westminster[1558 5]
(1669–1725)
 27 March
1701 		22 April
1708 		[20]
Henry Boyle Lord Carleton by Godfrey Kneller.jpg Godolphin–Marlborough
(Tory–Whig) 		Anne
Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1707-1714).svg
(1702–1714)
​
  1. ^ Served until 1589 during the 9th Parliament of Queen Elizabeth I.
  2. ^ Served from 1601 prior to the Golden Speech.
  3. ^ Served during the 3rd Parliament of King James I in 1621.
  4. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1695 general election.
  5. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1705 general election.

Chancellors of the Exchequer of Great Britain (1708–1817)[]

Chancellor of the Exchequer of Great Britain[20]
Portrait Name[b]
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Party Ministry Monarch
(Reign) 		Ref.
JohnSmithSpeaker.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir John Smith
MP for Andover
(1655/56–1723) 		22 April
1708 		11 August
1710 		Whig Godolphin–Marlborough
(Tory–Whig) 		Anne
Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1707-1714).svg
(1702–1714) 		[20]
Robert Harley Chancellor of the Exchequer by Kneller.jpg The Right Honourable
Robert Harley
MP for Radnor
(1661–1724) 		11 August
1710 		4 June
1711 		Tory Oxford–Bolingbroke [20]
Bingley.jpg The Right Honourable
Robert Benson
MP for York
(c. 1676 – 1731) 		4 June
1711 		21 August
1713 		Tory [20]
Sir William Wyndham, 3rd Bt by Jonathan Richardson.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir William Wyndham
Bt
MP for Somerset
(c. 1688 – 1740) 		21 August
1713 		13 October
1714 		Tory [20]
George I
Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
(1714–1727)
[1708 1]
1stLordOnslow.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir Richard Onslow
Bt
MP for Surrey
(1654–1717) 		13 October
1714 		12 October
1715 		Whig Townshend [20]
Robertwalpole cropped.jpg The Right Honourable
Robert Walpole
MP for King's Lynn
(1676–1745) 		12 October
1715 		15 April
1717 		Whig [20]
James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt.jpg The Right Honourable
James Stanhope
1st Earl Stanhope
PC
(c. 1673 – 1721) 		15 April
1717 		20 March
1718 		Whig Stanhope–Sunderland I [20]
JohnAislabie.jpg The Right Honourable
John Aislabie
MP for Ripon
(1670–1742) 		20 March
1718 		23 January
1721 		Whig Stanhope–Sunderland II [20]
Sir John Pratt by Michael Dahl.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir John Pratt
Lord Chief Justice
(1657–1725) (interim) 		2 February
1721 		3 April
1721 		Whig [20]
Robertwalpole cropped.jpg The Right Honourable
Robert Walpole
1st Earl of Orford
KGKBPC
MP for King's Lynn[1708 2]
(1676–1745) 		3 April
1721 		12 February
1742 		Whig Walpole–Townshend [20]
George II
Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
(1727–1760)
Walpole
1stLordSandys.jpg The Right Honourable
Samuel Sandys
MP for Worcester
(1695–1770) 		12 February
1742 		12 December
1743 		Whig Carteret [20]
​ Henry Pelham by William Hoare.jpg The Right Honourable
Henry Pelham
FRS
MP for Sussex
(1694–1754) 		12 December
1743 		8 March
1754† 		Whig [20]
Broad Bottom
(I & II)
Sir William Lee by C.F. Barker cropped.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir William Lee
Lord Chief Justice
(1688–1754) (interim) 		8 March
1754 		6 April
1754 		Whig Newcastle I [20]
HenryBilsonLegge.jpg The Right Honourable
Henry Bilson-Legge
FRS
MP for Orford
(1708–1764) 		6 April
1754 		25 November
1755 		Whig [20]
Lyttlelton.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir George Lyttelton
Bt
MP for Okehampton
(1709–1773) 		25 November
1755 		16 November
1756 		Whig [20]
HenryBilsonLegge.jpg The Right Honourable
Henry Bilson-Legge
MP for Orford
(1708–1764) 		16 November
1756 		13 April
1757 		Whig Pitt–Devonshire [20]
William Murray, Earl of Mansfield LCJ.jpg The Right Honourable
William Murray
1st Earl of Mansfield
PCSL
Lord Chief Justice
(1705–1793) (interim) 		13 April
1757 		2 July
1757 		Whig [20]
1757 Caretaker
HenryBilsonLegge.jpg The Right Honourable
Henry Bilson-Legge
MP for Orford →
Hampshire[1708 3]
(1708–1764)
 2 July
1757 		19 March
1761 		Whig Pitt–Newcastle [20]
George III
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1801-1816).svg
(1760–1820)
[1708 4]
2ndViscountBarrington.jpg The Right Honourable
William Barrington
2nd Viscount Barrington
PC
MP for Plymouth
(1717–1793) 		19 March
1761 		29 May
1762 		Whig [20]
Francis Baron le Despencer by Nathaniel Dance-Holland.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir Francis Dashwood
BtFRS
MP for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis
(1708–1781) 		29 May
1762 		16 April
1763 		Tory Bute
(Tory–Whig) 		[20]
George Grenville (1712–1770) by William Hoare (1707-1792) Cropped.jpg The Right Honourable
George Grenville
MP for Buckingham
(1712–1770) 		16 April
1763 		16 July
1765 		Whig Grenville
(Whig–Tory) 		[20]
No image.svg The Right Honourable
William Dowdeswell
MP for Worcestershire
(1721–1775) 		16 July
1765 		2 August
1766 		Whig Rockingham I [20]
Charles Townshend after Reynolds.jpg The Right Honourable
Charles Townshend
MP for Harwich
(1725–1767) 		2 August
1766 		4 September
1767† 		Whig Chatham
(Whig–Tory) 		[20]
​ Nathaniel Dance Lord North cropped cropped.jpg The Right Honourable
Frederick North
Lord North
KG
MP for Banbury
(1732–1792) 		11 September
1767 		27 March
1782 		Tory [20]
Grafton
North
Lord John Cavendish by GD Tomlinson.jpg The Right Honourable
Lord John Cavendish
MP for York
(1732–1796) 		27 March
1782 		10 July
1782 		Whig Rockingham II [20]
William Pitt the Younger.jpg The Right Honourable
William Pitt the Younger
MP for Appleby
(1759–1806) 		10 July
1782 		31 March
1783 		Whig Shelburne
(Whig–Tory) 		[20]
Lord John Cavendish by GD Tomlinson.jpg The Right Honourable
Lord John Cavendish
MP for York
(1732–1796) 		2 April
1783 		19 December
1783 		Whig Fox–North [20]
William Pitt the Younger.jpg The Right Honourable
William Pitt the Younger
MP for Appleby →
Cambridge University[1708 5]
(1759–1806)
 19 December
1783 		14 March
1801 		Tory Pitt I [20]
Henry Addington by Beechey.jpg The Right Honourable
Henry Addington
MP for Devizes
(1757–1844) 		14 March
1801 		10 May
1804 		Tory Addington [20]
William Pitt the Younger.jpg The Right Honourable
William Pitt the Younger
MP for Cambridge University
(1759–1806) 		10 May
1804 		23 January
1806† 		Tory Pitt II [20]
Lord-ellenborough.jpg The Right Honourable
Edward Law
1st Baron Ellenborough
PCKCFSA
Lord Chief Justice
(1750–1818) (interim) 		23 January
1806 		5 February
1806 		Tory All the Talents
(Whig–Tory) 		[20]
Henry Walton (1746-1813) - Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne - NPG 178 - National Portrait Gallery.jpg The Right Honourable
Lord Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice
MP for Cambridge University
(1780–1863) 		5 February
1806 		26 March
1807 		Whig [20]
Spencer PercevalCE.jpg The Right Honourable
Spencer Perceval
KC
MP for Northampton
(1762–1812) 		26 March
1807 		11 May
1812† 		Tory Portland II [20]
Perceval
Nicholas Vansittart by William Owen.jpg The Right Honourable
Nicholas Vansittart
(1766–1851)
 9 June
1812 		12 July
1817 		Tory Liverpool [21]
  1. ^ Lord Parker served as Regent of Great Britain from 1 August to 18 September 1714.
  2. ^ Elevated to the Peerage of Great Britain on 6 February 1742.
  3. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the .
  4. ^ The Prince of Wales served as Prince Regent from 5 February 1811.
  5. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1784 general election.
  6. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1812 general election.

Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom (1817–present)[]

Although the Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland had been united by the Acts of Union 1800 (39 & 40 Geo. III c. 67), the Exchequers of the two Kingdoms were not consolidated until 1817 under 56 Geo. III c. 98.[22][23] For the holders of the Irish office before this date, see Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland.

Chancellor of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom[20]
Portrait Name[b]
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Party Ministry Monarch
(Reign) 		Ref.
Nicholas Vansittart by William Owen.jpg The Right Honourable
Nicholas Vansittart
FRS
MP for Harwich
(1766–1851) 		12 July 1817 31 January 1823 Tory Liverpool George III
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1801-1816).svg
(1760–1820)
[1817 1] 		[20]
George IV
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1816-1837).svg
(1820–1830)
Frederick John Robinson, 1st Earl of Ripon by Sir Thomas Lawrence cropped.jpg The Right Honourable
Frederick John Robinson
MP for Ripon
(1782–1859) 		31 January 1823 27 April 1827 Tory [24]
George Canning by Richard Evans - detail.jpg The Right Honourable
George Canning
FRS
MP for Seaford
(1770–1827) 		27 April 1827 8 August 1827† Tory Canning
(Canningite–Whig) 		[25]
Lord Tenterden LCJ by William Owen.jpg The Right Honourable
Charles Abbott
1st Baron Tenterden
PCSL
Lord Chief Justice
(1762–1832) (interim) 		8 August 1827 5 September 1827 Tory Goderich N/A
John Charles Herries.jpg The Right Honourable
John Charles Herries
MP for Harwich
(1778–1855) 		5 September 1827 26 January 1828 Tory [26]
HenryGoulburn.jpg The Right Honourable
Henry Goulburn
FRS
MP for Armagh
(1784–1856) 		26 January 1828 22 November 1830 Tory Wellington–Peel [20]
William IV
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1816-1837).svg
(1830–1837)
JC Spencer, Viscount Althorp by HP Bone cropped.jpg The Right Honourable
John Spencer
Viscount Althorp
DLFRS
 22 November 1830 14 November 1834 Whig Grey [20]
Melbourne I
Thomas Denman, 1st Baron Denman by Sir Martin Archer Shee crop.jpg The Right Honourable
Thomas Denman
1st Baron Denman
PC
Lord Chief Justice
(1779–1854) (interim) 		14 November 1834 15 December 1834 Whig Wellington Caretaker N/A
Robert Peel by RR Scanlan detail.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir Robert Peel
BtFRS
MP for Tamworth
(1788–1850) 		15 December 1834 8 April 1835 Conservative Peel I [20]
1stBaronMonteagle.jpg The Right Honourable
Thomas Spring Rice
MP for Cambridge
(1790–1866) 		18 April 1835 26 August 1839 Whig Melbourne II [20]
Victoria
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
(1837–1901)
Francis Baring, 1st Baron Northbrook by Sir George Hayter.jpg The Right Honourable
Francis Baring
MP for Portsmouth
(1796–1866) 		26 August 1839 30 August 1841 Whig [20]
HenryGoulburn.jpg The Right Honourable
Henry Goulburn
FRS
MP for Cambridge University
(1784–1856) 		3 September 1841 27 June 1846 Conservative Peel II [20]
1stViscountHalifax.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir Charles Wood
Bt
MP for Halifax
(1800–1885) 		6 July 1846 21 February 1852 Whig Russell I [20]
Disraeli.jpg The Right Honourable
Benjamin Disraeli
MP for Buckinghamshire
(1804–1881) 		27 February 1852 17 December 1852 Conservative Who? Who? [20]
WE Gladstone robed NPG.jpg The Right Honourable
William Ewart Gladstone
MP for Oxford University
(1809–1898) 		28 December 1852 28 February 1855 Peelite Aberdeen
(Peelite–Whig) 		[20]
Sir George Cornewall Lewis, 2nd Bt.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir George Cornewall Lewis
Bt
MP for Radnor
(1806–1863) 		28 February 1855 21 February 1858 Whig Palmerston I [20]
Disraeli.jpg The Right Honourable
Benjamin Disraeli
MP for Buckinghamshire
(1804–1881) 		26 February 1858 11 June 1859 Conservative Derby–Disraeli II [20]
WE Gladstone robed NPG.jpg The Right Honourable
William Ewart Gladstone
MP for Oxford University →
South Lancashire[1817 3]
(1809–1898)
 18 June 1859 26 June 1866 Liberal Palmerston II [20]
Russell II
Disraeli.jpg The Right Honourable
Benjamin Disraeli
MP for Buckinghamshire
(1804–1881) 		6 July 1866 29 February 1868 Conservative Derby–Disraeli III [20]
George Ward Hunt (30 July 1825 – 29 July 1877) .jpg The Right Honourable
George Ward Hunt
MP for North Northamptonshire
(1825–1877) 		29 February 1868 1 December 1868 Conservative [20]
Robert Lowe, 1st Viscount Sherbrooke by George Frederic Watts.jpg The Right Honourable
Robert Lowe
MP for London University
(1811–1892) 		9 December 1868 11 August 1873 Liberal Gladstone I [20]
WE Gladstone robed NPG.jpg The Right Honourable
William Ewart Gladstone
MP for Greenwich
(1809–1898) 		11 August 1873 17 February 1874 Liberal [20]
Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir Stafford Northcote
BtGCBFRS
MP for North Devonshire
(1818–1887) 		21 February 1874 21 April 1880 Conservative Disraeli II [20]
WE Gladstone robed NPG.jpg The Right Honourable
William Ewart Gladstone
MP for Midlothian
(1809–1898) 		28 April 1880 16 December 1882 Liberal Gladstone II [20]
Hugh Childers, Lock & Whitfield woodburytype, 1876-83 crop.jpg The Right Honourable
Hugh Childers
MP for Pontefract
(1827–1896) 		16 December 1882 9 June 1885 Liberal [20]
St Aldwyn Michael Edward Hicks-Beach (1st Earl).jpg The Right Honourable
Sir Michael Hicks Beach
BtDL
MP for Bristol West
(1837–1916) 		24 June 1885 28 January 1886 Conservative Salisbury I [20]
Sir William Harcourt.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir William Harcourt
QC
MP for Derby
(1827–1904) 		6 February 1886 20 July 1886 Liberal Gladstone III [20]
Randolph churchill.jpg The Right Honourable
Lord Randolph Churchill
MP for Paddington South
(1849–1895) 		3 August 1886 22 December 1886 Conservative Salisbury II [20]
George Goschen by Bassano.jpg The Right Honourable
George Goschen
DL
MP for St George Hanover Square
(1831–1907) 		14 January 1887 11 August 1892 Liberal Unionist [20]
Sir William Harcourt.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir William Harcourt
QC
MP for Derby
(1827–1904) 		18 August 1892 21 June 1895 Liberal Gladstone IV [20]
Rosebery
St Aldwyn Michael Edward Hicks-Beach (1st Earl).jpg The Right Honourable
Sir Michael Hicks Beach
BtDL
MP for Bristol West
(1837–1916) 		29 June 1895 11 August 1902 Conservative Salisbury
(III & IV)
(Con.–Lib.U.) 		[20]
Edward VII
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
(1901–1910)
Charles Thomson Ritchie headshot.jpg The Right Honourable
Charles Ritchie
MP for Croydon
(1838–1906) 		11 August 1902 9 October 1903 Conservative Balfour [20]
Austen Chamberlain MP.jpg The Right Honourable
Austen Chamberlain
MP for East Worcestershire
(1863–1937) 		9 October 1903 4 December 1905 Liberal Unionist [20]
H H Asquith 1908.jpg The Right Honourable
Herbert Henry Asquith
KC
MP for East Fife
(1852–1928) 		10 December 1905 16 April 1908 Liberal Campbell-Bannerman [20]
David Lloyd George 1911.jpg The Right Honourable
David Lloyd George
MP for Caernarvon Boroughs
(1863–1945) 		16 April 1908 25 May 1915 Liberal Asquith
(I–III) 		[27]
George V
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
(1910–1936)
Reginald McKenna photo.jpg The Right Honourable
Reginald McKenna
MP for North Monmouthshire
(1863–1943) 		25 May 1915 10 December 1916 Liberal Asquith Coalition
(Lib.–Con.–et al.) 		[20]
Andrew Bonar Law 02.jpg The Right Honourable
Bonar Law
MP for Bootle →
Glasgow Central[1817 4]
(1858–1923)
 10 December 1916 10 January 1919 Conservative Lloyd George
(I & II) 		[20]
Austen Chamberlain MP.jpg The Right Honourable
Austen Chamberlain
MP for Birmingham West
(1863–1937) 		10 January 1919 1 April 1921 Conservative [20]
Viscount Horne.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir Robert Horne
GBEKC
MP for Glasgow Hillhead
(1871–1940) 		1 April 1921 19 October 1922 Conservative [20]
Stanley Baldwin ggbain.35233 (cropped).jpg The Right Honourable
Stanley Baldwin
JP
MP for Bewdley
(1867–1947) 		27 October 1922 27 August 1923 Conservative Law [20]
​ Baldwin I
Chamberlain Neville.jpg The Right Honourable
Neville Chamberlain
MP for Birmingham Ladywood
(1869–1940) 		27 August 1923 22 January 1924 Conservative [20]
Lord Snowden.jpg The Right Honourable
Philip Snowden
MP for Colne Valley
(1864–1937) 		22 January 1924 3 November 1924 Labour MacDonald I [20]
Winston Churchill cph.3a49758.jpg The Right Honourable
Winston Churchill
CHTD
MP for Epping
(1874–1965) 		6 November 1924 4 June 1929 Conservative Baldwin II [20]
Lord Snowden.jpg The Right Honourable
Philip Snowden
MP for Colne Valley
(1864–1937) 		7 June 1929 5 November 1931 Labour MacDonald II [20]
National Labour National I
(N.Lab.–Con.–et al.)
Chamberlain Neville.jpg The Right Honourable
Neville Chamberlain
FRS
MP for Birmingham Edgbaston
(1869–1940) 		5 November 1931 28 May 1937 Conservative National II [20]
​ National III
(Con.–N.Lab.–et al.)
Edward VIII
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
(1936)
​ George VI
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
(1936–1952)
Viscount Simon.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir John Simon
GCSIGCVOOBE
MP for Spen Valley
(1873–1954) 		28 May 1937 12 May 1940 Liberal National National IV [20]
Chamberlain War
Kingsley Wood cropped.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir Kingsley Wood
MP for Woolwich West
(1881–1943) 		12 May 1940 21 September 1943† Conservative Churchill War
(All parties) 		[20]
​ John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley 1947.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir John Anderson
GCBGCSIGCIEPC (Ire)
MP for Combined Scottish Universities
(1882–1958) 		24 September 1943 26 July 1945 Independent
(National) 		[20]
Churchill Caretaker
(Con.–Lib.N.)
Hugh Dalton.png The Right Honourable
Hugh Dalton
MP for Bishop Auckland
(1887–1962) 		27 July 1945 13 November 1947 Labour Attlee
(I & II) 		[20]
Stafford Cripps 1947.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir Stafford Cripps
FRS
MP for Bristol East →
Bristol South East[1817 5]
(1889–1952)
 13 November 1947 19 October 1950 Labour [20]
Hugh Gaitskell 1958.jpg The Right Honourable
Hugh Gaitskell
CBE
MP for Leeds South
(1906–1963) 		19 October 1950 26 October 1951 Labour [20]
Richard-Austen-Rab-Butler-1st-Baron-Butler-of-Saffron-Walden.jpg The Right Honourable
Richard Austen Butler
CH
MP for Saffron Walden
(1902–1982) 		26 October 1951 20 December 1955 Conservative Churchill III [20]
Elizabeth II
Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg
(1952–present)
Eden
Harold Macmillan in 1942.jpg The Right Honourable
Harold Macmillan
MP for Bromley
(1894–1986) 		20 December 1955 13 January 1957 Conservative [20]
Peter Thornycroft.jpg The Right Honourable
Peter Thorneycroft
MP for Monmouth
(1909–1994) 		13 January 1957 6 January 1958 Conservative Macmillan
(I & II) 		[20]
The Right Honourable
Derick Heathcoat-Amory
TD
MP for Tiverton
(1899–1981) 		6 January 1958 27 July 1960 Conservative [20]
Selwyn Lloyd cropped.jpg The Right Honourable
Selwyn Lloyd
CBEQC
MP for Wirral
(1904–1978) 		27 July 1960 13 July 1962 Conservative [20]
​ The Right Honourable
Reginald Maudling
MP for Barnet
(1917–1979) 		16 July 1962 16 October 1964 Conservative [28]
Douglas-Home
James Callaghan 1970 (cropped).jpg The Right Honourable
James Callaghan
MP for Cardiff South East
(1912–2005) 		17 October 1964 29 November 1967 Labour Wilson
(I & II) 		[29]
Roy Jenkins 1977b.jpg The Right Honourable
Roy Jenkins
MP for Birmingham Stechford
(1920–2003) 		29 November 1967 19 June 1970 Labour [30]
Iain Macleod crop.jpg The Right Honourable
Iain Macleod
MP for Enfield West
(1913–1970) 		20 June 1970 20 July 1970† Conservative Heath [20]
The Right Honourable
Anthony Barber
TD
MP for Altrincham and Sale
(1920–2005) 		25 July 1970 4 March 1974 Conservative [20]
Denis Healey.jpg The Right Honourable
Denis Healey
MBE
MP for Leeds East
(1917–2015) 		5 March 1974 4 May 1979 Labour Wilson
(III & IV) 		[20]
Callaghan
Geoffrey Howe.jpg The Right Honourable
Sir Geoffrey Howe
QC
MP for East Surrey
(1926–2015) 		4 May 1979 11 June 1983 Conservative Thatcher I [20]
Official portrait of Lord Lawson of Blaby crop 2.jpg The Right Honourable
Nigel Lawson
MP for Blaby
(born 1932) 		11 June 1983 26 October 1989 Conservative Thatcher II [20]
​ Thatcher III
Major PM full (cropped).jpg The Right Honourable
John Major
MP for Huntingdon
(born 1943) 		26 October 1989 28 November 1990 Conservative [20]
Official portrait of Lord Lamont of Lerwick 2020 crop 2.jpg The Right Honourable
Norman Lamont
MP for Kingston-upon-Thames
(born 1942) 		28 November 1990 27 May 1993 Conservative Major I [20]
​ Major II
Official portrait of Mr Kenneth Clarke crop 2.jpg The Right Honourable
Kenneth Clarke
QC
MP for Rushcliffe
(born 1940) 		27 May 1993 2 May 1997 Conservative [20]
GordonBrown2004.JPG The Right Honourable
Gordon Brown
MP for Dunfermline East →
Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath[1817 6]
(born 1951)
 2 May 1997 27 June 2007 Labour Blair
(I, II & III) 		[20]
AlistairDarlingABr cropped.jpg The Right Honourable
Alistair Darling
MP for Edinburgh South West
(born 1953) 		28 June 2007 11 May 2010 Labour Brown [31]
George osborne hi.jpg The Right Honourable
George Osborne
MP for Tatton
(born 1971) 		11 May 2010 13 July 2016 Conservative Cameron–Clegg
(Con.–L.D.) 		[32]
Cameron II
Official portrait of Mr Philip Hammond crop 2.jpg The Right Honourable
Philip Hammond
MP for Runnymede and Weybridge
(born 1955) 		13 July 2016 24 July 2019 Conservative May I [33]
May II
Official portrait of Rt Hon Sajid Javid MP crop 2.jpg The Right Honourable
Sajid Javid
MP for Bromsgrove
(born 1969) 		24 July 2019 13 February 2020 Conservative Johnson I [34][35]
​ Johnson II
Official portrait of Rishi Sunak crop 2.jpg The Right Honourable
Rishi Sunak
MP for Richmond (Yorks)
(born 1980) 		13 February 2020 Incumbent Conservative [36]
  1. ^ The Prince of Wales served as Prince Regent from 5 February 1811.
  2. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1832 general election.
  3. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1865 general election.
  4. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1918 general election.
  5. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1950 general election.
  6. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 2005 general election.

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ This is used in almost all cases, including formal uses, for example in Parliament where it is common to refer to the position as 'Mr Chancellor of the Exchequer'. An example use of the full title is on writs appointing people to offices in the Manor of Northstead or the Chiltern Hundreds.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Including honorifics and constituencies for elected MPs.

References[]

  1. ^ Martin, Ben (13 July 2016). "Who is Philip Hammond, Britain's new Chancellor, and what are likely to be his first steps?" – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
  2. ^ Joseph Haydn, Horace Ockerby (ed.): The Book of Dignities, 3rd edition, Part III (Political and Official), p. 164. W.H. Allen & Co., London 1894, reprinted by Firecrest Publishing Ltd, Pancakes, 1969.
  3. ^ Chrimes Administrative History pp. 62–63
  4. ^ "Great Offices of State". The Cabinet Papers. The National Archives. Retrieved 21 December 2010.
  5. ^ "Gordon Brown: Chancellor of the Exchequer". Encyclopedia II. Experiencefestival.com. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
  6. ^ Ben Pimlott, Hugh Dalton (1985) pp 524–48.
  7. ^ "Monetary Policy | Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) | Framework". Bank of England. 6 May 1997. Archived from the original on 8 May 2010. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
  8. ^ Owen, James (19 December 2012). "Sir Isaac Newton – did you know?". The Royal Mint. Archived from the original on 1 June 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
  9. ^ "History of Number 11 Downing Street". UK Government. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
  10. ^ "Local History". Burnham Parish Council. Archived from the original on 1 October 2011.
  11. ^ http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2532776.ece Archived 5 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ "Bye-bye budget box, hello backpack". The Guardian. 21 March 2011.
  13. ^ Alistair Darling, Back from the Brink(2011)
  14. ^ "The Budget and Parliament". Parliament of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 8 November 2015.
  15. ^ Lydall, Ross (6 March 2008). "Chancellor names his preferred Budget tipple – a glass of plain London tap water". The Scotsman. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
  16. ^ Murphy, Joe (5 March 2008). "Darling chooses tap water for Budget Day to support Standard campaign". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
  17. ^ "Photographb".
  18. ^ "Portrait of Churchill in the robes of wearing his robes as Chancellor of the Exchequer, by John Singer Sargent, 1929. © National Trust Collections". 4 December 2012.
  19. ^ Vina, Gonzalo (10 December 2010). "www.bloomberg.com". Bloomberg.
  20. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk "Past Chancellors of the Exchequer". gov.uk. Government of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  21. ^ "No. 16611". The London Gazette. 9 June 1812. p. 1111.
  22. ^ "Consolidated Fund Act 1816". section 2, Act No. 98 of 1816. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  23. ^ Haydn, Joseph; Ockerby, Horace, eds. (1890). "X (Ireland)". The Book of Dignities. London: W. H. Allen & Co. p. 562. OL 13505280M.
  24. ^ "No. 17893". The London Gazette. 4 February 1823. p. 193.
  25. ^ "No. 18356". The London Gazette. 27 April 1827. p. 937.
  26. ^ "No. 18394". The London Gazette. 7 September 1827. p. 1892.
  27. ^ "No. 28129". The London Gazette. 17 April 1908. p. 2937.
  28. ^ "No. 42733". The London Gazette. 17 July 1962. p. 5731.
  29. ^ "No. 43470". The London Gazette. 23 October 1964. p. 9014.
  30. ^ "No. 44469". The London Gazette. 5 December 1967. p. 13287.
  31. ^ "No. 58389". The London Gazette. 11 July 2007. p. 9979.
  32. ^ "No. 59425". The London Gazette. 21 May 2010. p. 9405.
  33. ^ "Philip Hammond appointed chancellor". BBC News. 13 July 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
  34. ^ "Sajid Javid confirmed as chancellor". The Guardian. 24 July 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
  35. ^ "Sajid Javid resigns as chancellor". BBC News. 13 February 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  36. ^ "Who is Rishi Sunak? Meet Sajid Javid's replacement as Chancellor". Evening Standard. 13 February 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2020.

Further reading[]

  • Barber, Stephen. "'Westminster's wingman'? Shadow chancellor as a strategic and coveted political role." British Politics 11.2 (2016): 184–204.
  • Baxter, Stephen B. The Development of the Treasury, 1660–1702 (1957) online
  • Browning, Peter. The Treasury and Economic Policy: 1964–1985 (Longman, 1986).
  • Dell, Edmund. The Chancellors: A History of the Chancellors of the Exchequer, 1945–90 (HarperCollins, 1997) 619pp; 17 chapters covering the terms of each chancellor.
  • Holt, Richard. Second Amongst Equals: Chancellors of the Exchequer and the British Economy (Profile Books, 2001).
  • Jenkins, Roy. The Chancellors (1998); 497pp; covers entire career as well as term in office of 19 chancellors from 1886 to 1947.
  • Kynaston, David. The chancellor of the exchequer (T. Dalton, 1980).
  • Peden, G. CThe Treasury and British Public Policy, 1906–1959 (Oxford UP, 2000). online
  • Vincent, Nicholas C. "The Origins of the Chancellorship of the Exchequer." English Historical Review 108.426 (1993): 105–121. in JSTOR
  • Woodward, Nicholas. The management of the British economy, 1945–2001 (Manchester University Press, 2004).

External links[]

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