Codium

Codium
	Codium spongiosum off the Reunion Islands coast
Scientific classification
(unranked):	Viridiplantae
Phylum:	Chlorophyta
Class:	Ulvophyceae
Order:	Bryopsidales
Family:	Codiaceae
Genus:	Codium; Stackhouse, 1797
Type species
	Codium tomentosum; Stackhouse, 1797
Species
	See text

Holmes, type definition herbarium specimen.

Codium is a genus of seaweed in the Chlorophyta of the order Bryopsidales. Paul Silva was an expert on the genus Codium taxonomy at the University of California at Berkeley. There are about 50 species worldwide.^[1]

Description[]

The genus has thalli of two forms, either erect or prostrate. The erect plants are dichotomously branched to 40 centimetres (16 in) long with branches forming a compact spongy structure, not calcareous. The final branches form a surface layer of close palisade cortex of . The non-erect species form either a prostrate or globular thallus with a velvet-like surface, the final branches forming a close cortex of utricles.^[2]

Distribution[]

Ireland[]

Two of these species are very rare in Ireland. has been recorded from a few sites on the west coast and from Tory Island on the north coast in County Donegal. In 1837 it was found in Church Bay in County Antrim,^[3] but has not been found there since.

C.Agardh
Codium bursa (Linnaeus) C.Agardh - has been found in Mulroy Bay in County Donegal in 1977 (specimen in the Ulster Museum) and 1988. There is an old record of it from "near Belfast" between 1793 and 1810.
Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot
- Codium fragile subsp. atlanticum (A. Cotton) Silva
Codium tomentosum Stackhouse
(Olivi) Delle Chiaje

There are other species of "doubtful validity":- is included in William Henry Harvey's Phycologia Britannica Pl.xxxv. and noted as: "spreading in patches of great extent along the edge of the sea, over the surface of a turf-bog which meets the shore at " (Ireland).

Worldwide[]

Codium arabicum Kütz. - Australia
Codium arenicola & P.C.Silva - Australia
Codium australasicum P.C.Silva - Australia
Codium bulbopilum Setch. - Australia
Codium capitulatum P.C.Silva & - Australia
(Dellow) P.C.Silva - New Zealand
S. & G. - California (United States)
Codium duthiae Silva - Australia, Tasmania, and South Africa
Codium dwarkense Børgesen - Australia
Codium edule - Indo-Pacific, including Hawaii
Silva - Cape Agulhas to southern KwaZulu-Natal
Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot - Nova Scotia (Canada)
- - (Chinese)^[4] Japan, American Pacific from Alaska to Cape Horn, Australia and New Zealand, British Isles, Norway, Denmark, and Netherlands
- Silva - South Africa
Codium galeatum J.Agardh - Australia
Codium geppiorum - Australia and Indo-Pacific South Africa
Codium harveyi P.C.Silva - Australia
Daws. - California (U.S.A.)
Collins &
Vickers
Silva - California (U.S.A.)
Codium laminarioides Harv. - Australia
Codium lucasii Setchell - Australia, Tasmania
Codium mamillosum Harv. - Australia
Codium muelleri Kütz. - Australia
Codium perriniae A.H.S.Lucas - Australia
Codium pomoides J.Agardh - Australia
Gardn. - California (U.S.A.)
Codium silvae - Australia
Codium spinescens P.C.Silva & - Australia
Codium spongiosum Harv. - Australia
Codium strangulatum & P.C.Silva - Australia
Codium taylorii Silva - Australia
( & ) Vickers
Codium tenue (Kütz.) Kütz. - Australia
Codium tomentosum Stackh. - Australia

References[]

^ C. van den Hoek; D. G. Mann; M. H. Jahns (1995). Algae: An Introduction to Phycology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-30419-1.
^ E. M. Burrows (1991). Seaweeds of the British Isles. Volume 2. Chlorophyta. London: Natural History Museum. ISBN 978-0-565-00981-6.
^ Morton,O. 1994. Marine Algae of Northern Ireland. Ulster Museum. ISBN 0 900761 28 8
^ Abbott, Isabella A. (1989). Lembi, Carole A.; Waaland, J. Robert (eds.). Algae and human affairs. Cambridge University Press, Phycological Society of America. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-521-32115-0. Food and food products from seaweeds

General references[]

Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. (2007). "Genus: Codium taxonomy browser". Galway: AlgaeBase version 4.2 World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland. Retrieved 2007-09-24.
G. Hardy; M. D. Guiry (2006). A Check-list and Atlas of the Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland (PDF). London: British Phycological Society. ISBN 978-3-906166-35-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-25. Retrieved 2007-06-29.
O. Morton (1978). "Some interesting records of algae from Ireland". Irish Naturalists' Journal. 19: 140–242.
O. Morton (1994). Marine Algae of Northern Ireland. Belfast: Ulster Museum. ISBN 978-0-900761-28-7.
O. Morton (2003). "The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland". Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society. 27: 3–164.
Hilda M. Parkes (1975). "Records of Codium species in Ireland". Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 75 (B): 123–134.
P. C. Silva (1955). "The dichotomous species of Codium in Britain" (PDF). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 24 (3): 565–577. doi:10.1017/S0025315400008821.
P. C. Silva; D. E. G. Irvine (1960). "Codium amphibium: a species of doubtful validity" (PDF). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 39 (3): 631–636. doi:10.1017/S002531540001359X.

External links[]

F. G. Hardy; I. Tittley. "Codium fragile". Marine advice: non-native species. Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-06-29.
M. D. Guiry (2006-11-11). "Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot". AlgaeBase.
M. D. Guiry (2007-02-22). "Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides (van Goor) P.C. Silva". AlgaeBase.

[Hoek,_Mann_and_Jahns_95-1] C. van den Hoek; D. G. Mann; M. H. Jahns (1995). Algae: An Introduction to Phycology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-30419-1.

[Burrows_91-2] E. M. Burrows (1991). Seaweeds of the British Isles. Volume 2. Chlorophyta. London: Natural History Museum. ISBN 978-0-565-00981-6.

[3] Morton,O. 1994. Marine Algae of Northern Ireland. Ulster Museum. ISBN 0 900761 28 8

[Abbott-4] Abbott, Isabella A. (1989). Lembi, Carole A.; Waaland, J. Robert (eds.). Algae and human affairs. Cambridge University Press, Phycological Society of America. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-521-32115-0. Food and food products from seaweeds

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