Coprosma
Coprosma | |
---|---|
Coprosma rhamnoides | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Gentianales |
Family: | Rubiaceae |
Subfamily: | Rubioideae |
Tribe: | Anthospermeae |
Genus: | Coprosma J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. |
Synonyms | |
Coprosma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands.[1]
Description[]
The name Coprosma means "smelling like dung" and refers to the smell (methanethiol) given out by the crushed leaves of a few species.
Many species are small shrubs with tiny evergreen leaves, but a few are small trees and have much larger leaves. The flowers have insignificant petals and are wind-pollinated, with long anthers and stigmas. Most species are dioecious, but some (particularly those native to New Zealand) species can sometimes have individuals with perfect flowers.[2] Natural hybrids are common. The fruit is a non-poisonous juicy berry, most often bright orange (but can be dark red or even light blue), containing two small seeds. The orange fruit of the larger species were eaten by Māori children, and are also popular with birds. It is said that coffee can be made from the seeds, Coprosma being related to the coffee plants. A notable feature (also found in other genera of Rubiaceae) is that the leaves contain hollows in the axils of the veins; in these, and on the leaf stipules, nitrogen-fixing bacteria grow. In addition the hollows, or domatia, encourage certain kinds of mites to take up residence, which feed on and reduce parasitic fungi which attack the leaf.[3]
Species[]
- Coprosma acerosa A.Cunn. - tataraheke/sand coprosma - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island and Chatham Islands)
- Coprosma acutifolia Hook.f. - Raoul Island
- Coprosma arborea Kirk - tree coprosma, mamangi - New Zealand
- Merr. & L.M.Perry - New Guinea
- Colenso - C. propinqua × C. robusta - New Zealand North Island
- Coprosma areolata Cheeseman - thin-leaved coprosma - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island)
- (Cockayne & Allan) L.B.Moore - New Zealand South Island
- Utteridge - New Guinea
- Coprosma baueri Endl. - Norfolk Island and Phillip Island
- Pitcairn Islands W.R.B.Oliv. -
- Gideon - Solomon Islands
- Merr. & L.M.Perry - New Guinea
- Kirk - C. crassifolia × C. robusta - southern New Zealand North Island
- Cockayne - Chatham Islands
- W.R.B.Oliv. - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island)
- Coprosma ciliata Hook.f. - tree 7m tall - New Zealand, Antipodes Islands
- Hook.f. - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island)
- A.Cunn. - C. propinqua × C. robusta - New Zealand
- Tuha'a Pae Fosberg -
- Coprosma cordicarpa Cantley, Spock-Koehler, and Chau - Maui
- Coprosma crassifolia Colenso - stiff, red-brown branches - New Zealand
- W.R.B.Oliv. - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island)
- Coprosma cuneata Hook.f. - New Zealand South Island, Stewart Island, Antipodes Islands
- Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Hillebr. -
- Heads - New Zealand
- Colenso ex Hook.f. - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island)
- Papua New Guinea W.R.B.Oliv. -
- Coprosma dodonaeifolia W.R.B.Oliv. - Great Barrier Island
- (Cheeseman) G.T.Jane - New Zealand
- de Lange & A.S.Markey - New Zealand South Island
- Coprosma elegans Utteridge - New Guinea
- Kauai W.R.B.Oliv. -
- Coprosma ernodeoides A.Gray - Hawaii, Maui
- (F.Br.) Fosberg - Marquesas Islands
- W.L.Wagner & Lorence - Marquesas Islands
- ined. - Robinson Crusoe Island
- Coprosma foetidissima J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. - Stinkwood, a small New Zealand tree with foul-smelling leaves
- A.Gray - Hawaiian Islands
- Coprosma fowerakeri D.A.Norton & de Lange - New Zealand South Island
- J.W.Moore - Raiatea
- Carse - C. rotundifolia × C. tenuicaulis - New Zealand North Island
- A.Cunn. - C. lucida × C. rhamnoides - New Zealand North Island
- Coprosma grandifolia Hook.f. kanono, a large bush with leaves 15 cm long or more; its bark contains an orange dye - New Zealand
- Coprosma hirtella Labill. - Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales
- Stapf - Sabah
- Coprosma huttoniana P.S.Green - Lord Howe Island
- Coprosma inopinata I.Hutton & P.S.Green - Lord Howe Island
- Coprosma intertexta G.Simpson - New Zealand South Island
- A.Gray) A.Heller - Kauai (
- Cheeseman - C. acerosa × C. repens - New Zealand North Island
- Coprosma laevigata Cheeseman - Rarotonga
- Coprosma lanceolaris F.Muell. - Lord Howe Island
- Coprosma linariifolia (Hook.f.) Hook.f. - mikimiki, yellow wood - New Zealand
- A.Gray - Oahu
- Coprosma lucida J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. karamu, a small tree
- Coprosma lucida var. angustifolia Cheeseman - New Zealand North Island
- Coprosma lucida var. lucida - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island)
- Coprosma macrocarpa Cheeseman large-seeded coprosma - New Zealand North Island (incl. Three Kings Islands)
- A.Gray - Hawaiian Islands
- W.L.Wagner & Lorence - Marquesas Islands
- Hook.f. - New Zealand
- H.St.John - C. ochracea × C. ternata - Molokai
- Hillebr. - Hawaii, eastern Maui
- Coprosma moorei F.Muell. ex Rodway - Tasmania, Victoria
- Noronha - Java
- Coprosma × neglecta Cheeseman - C. repens × C. rhamnoides - New Zealand North Island
- J.Florence - Marquesas Islands
- Coprosma niphophila Orchard - New Zealand South Island, New South Wales
- Coprosma nitida Hook.f. - Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales
- W.R.B.Oliv. - Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales
- Vanuatu W.R.B.Oliv. -
- Kirk
- Coprosma obconica subsp. distantia de Lange & R.O.Gardner - New Zealand North Island
- Coprosma obconica subsp. obconica - New Zealand
- Coprosma ochracea W.R.B.Oliv. - Hawaiian Islands
- Fosberg - Robinson Crusoe Island
- W.R.B.Oliv.
- Coprosma papuensis subsp. discolor (P.Royen) R.O.Gardner - New Guinea
- Coprosma papuensis subsp. mopaensis R.O.Gardner - New Guinea
- Coprosma papuensis subsp. papuensis - New Guinea
- Coprosma parviflora Hook.f. - Leafy Coprosma - New Zealand
- Molly - New Zealand
- Coprosma perpusilla Colenso
- Coprosma perpusilla subsp. perpusilla - Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales, New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island)
- Coprosma perpusilla subsp. subantarctica Orchard - Macquarie Island, Antipodes Islands
- A.Gray - Fiji
- Hook.f. - Kermadec Islands
- Coprosma petriei Cheeseman - mirror plant - New Zealand
- Endl. - Norfolk Island
- W.R.B.Oliv. - New Zealand South Island (incl. Stewart Island)
- Coprosma prisca W.R.B.Oliv. - Lord Howe Island
- Coprosma propinqua A.Cunn. - mingimingi
- Coprosma propinqua var. latiuscula Allan - New Zealand
- W.R.B.Oliv. - Chatham Islands
- Coprosma propinqua var. propinqua - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island)
- G.T.Jane - New Zealand
- W.R.B.Oliv. - New Zealand
- A.Gray - Hawaiian Islands
- Coprosma pumila Hook.f. - Tasmania, Victoria
- Coprosma putida C.Moore & F.Muell. - Lord Howe Island
- (Hook. & Arn.) Skottsb. - Juan Fernández Islands
- Coprosma quadrifida (Labill.) Rob. - Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales
- J.W.Moore - Raiatea
- F.Br. - Tuha'a Pae, Pitcairn Islands
- Coprosma repens A.Rich. - taupata, mirror plant - native to New Zealand, naturalized in Australia (Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia)
- J.Florence - Marquesas Islands
- Coprosma rhamnoides A.Cunn. - twiggy coprosma - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island)
- A.Gray - Hawaii
- Coprosma rigida Cheeseman - New Zealand
- Coprosma robusta Raoul - karamu - New Zealand, Chatham Is., naturalized in Australia (Tasmania, Victoria)
- Coprosma rotundifolia A.Cunn. - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island)
- Coprosma rubra Petrie - New Zealand
- Coprosma rugosa Cheeseman - needle-leaved mountain coprosma - New Zealand, Antipodes Islands
- Samoa Rech. -
- Hook.f. ex Buchanan - New Zealand South Island
- J.W.Moore - Raiatea
- Coprosma spathulata A.Cunn.
- Coprosma spathulata subsp. hikuruana de Lange & Heenan - New Zealand North Island
- Coprosma spathulata subsp. spathulata - New Zealand North Island
- Hillebr. - Maui
- Lauterb. - Samoa
- Miq. - Java
- W.R.B.Oliv. - C. nitida × C. nivalis - Victoria
- A.Gray - Tahiti, Tuha'a Pae
- L.B.Moore & R.Mason - Victoria, New Zealand South Island
- W.L.Wagner & Lorence - Marquesas Islands
- Coprosma tenuicaulis Hook. - swamp coprosma - New Zealand
- Coprosma tenuifolia Cheeseman - wavy-leaved coprosma - New Zealand North Island
- W.R.B.Oliv. - Molokai
- Fosberg - Tuha'a Pae
- Coprosma virescens Petrie - New Zealand
- Coprosma waima A.P.Druce - New Zealand North Island
- Wawra - Kauai
- Coprosma wallii Petrie - New Zealand South Island
- Wernham
References[]
- ^ "Coprosma in the World Checklist of Rubiaceae". Retrieved 13 June 2014.
- ^ Cantley, J.T.; D. Frohlich; C.T. Martine (2016). "Multiple Records of Monoecy and Leakiness in Dioecious Taxa of Hawaiian Coprosma spp. (Rubiaceae)". Records of the Hawaiian Biological Survey. 118: 9–12. ISSN 2376-3191.
- ^ Monks A, O'Connell DM, Lee WG, Bannister JM, KYS, Dickinson JM (2007). "Benefits associated with the domatia mediated tritrophic mutualism in the shrub Coprosma lucida". Oikos. 116 (5): 873–881. doi:10.1111/j.0030-1299.2007.15654.x.
External links[]
![]() |
Wikispecies has information related to Coprosma. |
![]() |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Coprosma. |
- Coprosma
- Anthospermeae
- Rubiaceae genera
- Dioecious plants