Cox's Orange Pippin

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'Cox's Orange Pippin'
Cox orange renette2.JPG
GenusMalus
SpeciesMalus domestica
Hybrid parentage'Margil'
Cultivar'Cox's Orange Pippin'
OriginUnited Kingdom, 1830

Cox's Orange Pippin, in Britain often referred to simply as Cox, is an apple cultivar first grown in 1830, at Colnbrook in Buckinghamshire, England, by the retired brewer and horticulturist Richard Cox. Though the parentage of the cultivar is unknown, Ribston Pippin seems a likely candidate. DNA analysis of major apple pedigrees has suggested as the parent of Cox, with Ribston Pippin being another Margil seedling.[1] The variety was introduced for sale by the 1850s by Charles Turner, and grown commercially from the 1860s, particularly in the Vale of Evesham in Worcestershire, and later in Kent.

Description and uses[]

Fruit seen from stem end

'Cox's Orange Pippin' is highly regarded for its excellent flavour and attractive appearance. The apples are of medium size, orange-red in colour, deepening to bright red and mottled with carmine over a deep yellow background. The flesh is very aromatic, yellow-white, fine-grained, crisp, and very juicy. Cox's flavour is sprightly subacid, with hints of cherry and anise, becoming softer and milder with age. When ripe apples are shaken, the seeds make a rattling sound as they are only loosely held in the apple's flesh.[2]

One of the best in quality of the English dessert apples, Cox's Orange Pippin may be eaten out of hand or sliced. Cox's Orange Pippin is often blended with other varieties in the production of cider.

Cultivation[]

Illustration of the fruit

According to the Institute of Food Research,[3] Cox's Orange Pippin accounts for over 50% of the UK acreage of dessert apples. The tree is a moderate grower and is annually productive. However, it can be difficult to grow in many environments, and tends to be susceptible to diseases such as scab, mildew, and canker, so it is rarely grown commercially in North America.[4] Cox's Orange Pippin is also grown in Belgium and in the Netherlands, countries with a climate similar to that of England. A number of sports of Cox's Orange Pippin have been discovered over subsequent years and propagated. These retain "Cox" in their names, e.g., Cherry Cox, Crimson Cox, King Cox, and Queen Cox. In addition to the cultivation of Cox sports, apple breeders have hybridised Cox with other varieties to improve vigour, disease resistance, and yield, while attempting to retain the unique qualities of Cox's flavour.[5]

Descendant cultivars[]

Cultivar name (female parent × male parent)

  • Acme (Cox's Orange Pippin × unknown)
  • Alkmene (Cox's Orange Pippin × Geheimrat Doktor Oldenburg)[6]: 539 
'Allington Pippin'
  • Allington Pippin (Cox's Orange Pippin × King of the Pippins)
  • Anna Boelens (Cox's Orange Pippin × Freiherr von Berlepsch)
  • Apollo (Cox's Orange Pippin × Geheimrat Doktor Oldenburg)[6]: 539 
  • Arthur W. Barnes (Gascoyne's Scarlet × Cox's Orange Pippin)
  • Barnack Orange (Cox's Orange Pippin × Barnack Beauty)
  • Barry (McIntosh × Cox's Orange Pippin)
  • Bountiful (Cox's Orange Pippin × Lane's Prince Albert)
  • Carswell's Honeydew (Cox's Orange Pippin × unknown)
  • Carswell's Orange (Cox's Orange Pippin × unknown)
  • Charles Ross' (Cox's Orange Pippin × Peasgood's Nonsuch)
  • Clivia (Geheimrat Doktor Oldenburg × Cox's Orange Pippin);[6]: 539 
  • Clopton Red (Cox's Orange Pippin × unknown)
  • Cobra (Cox's Orange Pippin' × Bramley's Seedling)
  • Downton Pippin (Cox's Orange Pippin × Golden Pippin)
  • Dukat (Golden Delicious × Cox's Orange Pippin) or (Geheimrat Doktor Oldenburg × Cox's Orange Pippin)[6]: 538 
  • Dunning (Cox's Orange Pippin × McIntosh)
  • Eden (John Standish × Cox's Orange Pippin)
  • Edith Hopwood (Cox's Orange Pippin × unknown)
  • Ellison's Orange (Cox's Orange Pippin × Calville Blanc d'Ete)
  • Elstar (Golden Delicious × Cox's Orange Pippin)
  • Fiesta (Cox's Orange Pippin × Idared)
  • Francis (Cox's Orange Pippin × unknown)
  • Freyburg (Cox's Orange Pippin × Golden Delicious)
  • Gloucester Cross (Cox's Orange Pippin × unknown)
  • Golden Nugget (Golden Russet × Cox's Orange Pippin)
  • Hereford Cross (Cox's Orange Pippin × unknown)
  • Herefordshire Russet (Cox's Orange Pippin × Idared)
  • High View Pippin (Sturmer Pippin × Cox's Orange Pippin)
  • Holstein (Cox's Orange Pippin × unknown)
  • Ingrid Marie (Cox's Orange Pippin × Guldborg)
  • James Grieve apple (Cox's Orange Pippin × Potts' Seedling)
  • Jupiter (Cox's Orange Pippin × Starking Delicious)
  • Karmijn de Sonneville (Cox's Orange Pippin × Jonathan)
  • Kent (Cox's Orange Pippin × Jonathan)
  • Kidd's Orange Red (Cox's Orange Pippin × Red Delicious)
  • King George V (Cox's Orange Pippin × unknown)
  • Langley Pippin (Cox's Orange Pippin × Gladstone)
  • Laxton's Advance (Cox's Orange Pippin × Gladstone)
  • Laxton's Epicure (Wealthy × Cox's Orange Pippin)
  • Laxton's Exquisite (Cellini × Cox's Orange Pippin)
  • Laxton's Fortune (Cox's Orange Pippin × Wealthy)
  • Laxton's Pearmain (Cox's Orange Pippin × Wyken Pippin)
  • Laxton's Superb (Wyken Pippin × Cox's Orange Pippin)
  • Laxton's Triumph (King of the Pippins × Cox's Orange Pippin)
  • Lynn's Pippin (Cox's Orange Pippin × Ellison's Orange)
  • Meridien (Cox's Orange Pippin × Falstaff)
  • Merton Beauty (Ellison's Orange × Cox's Orange Pippin)
  • Merton Charm (McIntosh × Cox's Orange Pippin)
  • Merton Russet (Sturmer Pippin × Cox's Orange Pippin)
  • Merton Worcester (Cox's Orange Pippin × Worcester Pearmain)
  • Millicent Barnes (Gascoyne's Scarlet × Cox's Orange Pippin)
  • Nuvar Cheerful Gold (Cox's Orange Pippin × Golden Delicious)
  • Nuvar Freckles (Golden Delicious × Cox's Orange Pippin)
  • Orangenburg (Cox's Orange Pippin × Esopus Spitzenburg)
  • Pixie (Cox's Orange Pippin × Sunset)
  • Polly Prosser (Cox's Orange Pippin × Duke of Devonshire)
  • Prince Charles (Lord Lambourne × Cox's Orange Pippin)
  • Prins Bernhard (Jonathan × Cox's Orange Pippin)
  • Red Windsor (Cox's Orange Pippin × Alkmene)
  • Rival (Peasgood's Nonsuch × Cox's Orange Pippin)
  • Rosy Blenheim (Blenheim Orange × Cox's Orange Pippin)
  • Rubens (Cox's Orange Pippin × Unknown)
  • Rubinette (Golden Delicious × Cox's Orange Pippin)
  • Ruby (Thorrington) (Cox's Orange Pippin × unknown)
  • Saint Cecilia (Cox's Orange Pippin × unknown)
  • Saint Everard (Cox's Orange Pippin × Margil)
  • Sunburn (Cox's Orange Pippin × unknown)
  • Suntan (Cox's Orange Pippin × Court Pendu Plat)
  • Sunset (Cox's Orange Pippin × unknown)
  • Sweetie Darling/East Malling A 3022 (Cox's Orange Pippin × Northern Spy)
  • Tydeman's Late Orange (Laxton's Superb × Cox's Orange Pippin)
  • Tydeman's October Pippin (Cox's Orange Pippin × Ellison's Orange)
  • William Crump (Cox's Orange Pippin × Worcester Pearmain)
  • Winter Gem (Cox's Orange Pippin × Grimes Golden)
  • Winston/Winter King (Cox's Orange Pippin × Worcester Pearmain)

References[]

  1. ^ Muranty, Hélène; Denancé, Caroline; Feugey, Laurence; Crépin, Jean-Luc; Barbier, Yves; Tartarini, Stefano; Ordidge, Matthew; Troggio, Michela; Lateur, Marc; Nybom, Hilde; Paprstein, Frantisek (2020-01-02). "Using whole-genome SNP data to reconstruct a large multi-generation pedigree in apple germplasm". BMC Plant Biology. 20 (1): 2. doi:10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6. ISSN 1471-2229.
  2. ^ The Food Coach: Healthy Food Database
  3. ^ Apple facts
  4. ^ "United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service". Archived from the original on 2012-02-10. Retrieved 2012-02-09.
  5. ^ Apple Breeding in New Zealand
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b c d K. M. Evans, A. Patocchi, F. Rezzonico, F. Mathis, C. E. Durel, F. Fernández-Fernández, A. Boudichevskaia, F. Dunemann, M. Stankiewicz-Kosyl, L. Gianfranceschi, M. Komjanc, M. Lateur, M. Madduri, Y. Noordijk, W. E. van de Weg (2011). Genotyping of pedigreed apple breeding material with a genome-covering set of SSRs: trueness-to-type of cultivars and their parentages Archived 2014-10-12 at the Wayback Machine. Molecular Breeding 28 (4): 535–547. doi:10.1007/s11032-010-9502-5

Further reading[]

  • Bunyard, E. A. (1920) A Handbook of Fruits
  • Sanders, Rosanne (1988) The English Apple
  • Visser, J. (1983) Effect of the ground-water regime and nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and quality of apples: results of a ground-water level experimental field with the apple varieties Golden Delicious and Cox's Orange Pippin on a young calcerous marine clayey soil. Lelystad: Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat

External links[]

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