Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood

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The Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood (CRB) (Croatian: Hrvatsko revolucionarno bratstvo or HRB) was one of the Croatian emigre terrorist groups formed in Australia in the early 1960s.[1] The organisation was created by Croatian migrants to Australia from Yugoslavia after World War II, those who actively fought for the Independent State of Croatia. The organisation carried out more than 120 actions in Europe and Australia.[2] The organisation was active throughout the territories of Yugoslavia in the early and mid 1960s. Its aim was to start an uprising in Yugoslavia and to establish an independent Croatia. This mission failed due to the intervention of the State Security Administration, the Yugoslav secret police.[3]

Actions[]

  • Raid on the Yugoslavs' Club in Paris, 1966[citation needed]
  • Assassination attempt on Yugoslav ambassador to Germany, 1966[citation needed]
  • Assassination of superintendent in Yugoslav consulate in Stuttgart, 1966[citation needed]
  • Sabotage attempt on the transmission line and railway Zagreb-Rijeka, 1967[citation needed]
  • Plot to assassinate Josip Broz Tito, 1967[citation needed]
  • Raid on the Yugoslav consulate in Melbourne, Australia, 1967[citation needed]
  • Planning of bomb attacks on planes, buses and trains in order to disturb tourism in Yugoslavia, 1968[citation needed]
  • Raid on a bar in Scheveningen, Netherlands. where Yugoslav consul organized Embassy Days[citation needed]
  • Bomb attack at the cinema "22. Oktobar" in Belgrade; 1 person killed, 85 wounded[citation needed]
  • Assassination attempt on Chief of the Yugoslav Military Mission in Berlin, 1969[citation needed]
  • Assassination attempt of the Yugoslav vice-consul in Lyon, 1969[citation needed]
  • Uprising attempt in Bugojno, 1972[4]
  • Action Kaktus; a sabotage attempt on the 1975 tourist season[5][6]
  • Milan Levar, an ICTY witness, assassination in 1998 [7]

Notable members[]

Some CRB members were:

  • Andrić Brothers
  • Ilija Glavas
  • Blaž Kraljević
  • Geza Pašti
  • Josip Senić
  • Marijan Šimundić
  • Pavo Vegar
  • Mirko Vlasnović[8]

These people were also members of Ante Pavelić's Croatian Liberation Movement (HOP) but they left that organisation because they decided they would not achieve their goals through the political route.

UDBA, the Yugoslav secret police, attempted to curb the group's terrorist activities by engaging in covert assassinations of its members. Geza Pašti was killed in Nice in 1965, and Marijan Šimundić was killed in Stuttgart in 1967.[9]

The CRB/HRB's motto was: "Život za Hrvatsku". English translation: "Life for Croatia"

See also[]

Sources[]

  1. ^ Yonah Alexander, Kenneth Myers: Terrorism in Europe (RLE: Terrorism & Insurgency), Routledge, Apr 17, 2015 page 59
    The third terrorist international aggregate which has caused problems for Western Europe is composed of various Croatian emigre terrorist groups. These groups operating under names ... Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood ...
  2. ^ The Australian Security Intelligence Organization: An Unofficial History, Routledge, Nov 12, 2012 page 221
  3. ^ Paul Hockenos: Homeland Calling: Exile Patriotism & the Balkan Wars, Cornell University Press, 2003 pages 60-61
  4. ^ Adriano & Cingolani 2018, pp. 434–435.
  5. ^ Wilhelm Heitmeyer, Heinz-Gerhard Haupt, Stefan Malthaner, Andrea Kirschner: Control of Violence: Historical and International Perspectives on Violence in Modern Societies, Springer Science & Business Media, Nov 4, 2010 pages 395-396
  6. ^ Sean Brawley: Doomed to Repeat?: Terrorism and the Lessons of History,New Academia Publishing, 2009 pages 283-298
  7. ^ Eric Stover: The Witnesses: War Crimes and the Promise of Justice in The Hague, University of Pennsylvania Press, Jun 3, 2011 page 114
  8. ^ Croatian terrorism in Parliamentary Debates (Hansard).: House of Representatives, Volume 55 Commonwealth Government Printer, 1973 page 545
  9. ^ Adriano & Cingolani 2018, p. 434.

Bibliography[]

  • Adriano, Pino; Cingolani, Giorgio (2018). Nationalism and Terror: Ante Pavelić and Ustasha Terrorism from Fascism to the Cold War. Central European University Press. ISBN 978-963-386-206-3.
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