David F. Houston

David Houston
48th United States Secretary of the Treasury
In office February 2, 1920 – March 3, 1921
President	Woodrow Wilson
Preceded by	Carter Glass
Succeeded by	Andrew Mellon
5th United States Secretary of Agriculture
In office March 6, 1913 – February 2, 1920
President	Woodrow Wilson
Preceded by	Jim Wilson
Succeeded by	Edwin T. Meredith
8th Chancellor of Washington University
In office 1908–1913
Preceded by	Marshall Snow (Acting)
Succeeded by	Frederic Hall
4th President of the University of Texas, Austin
In office 1905–1908
Preceded by
Succeeded by	Sidney Mezes
11th President of Texas A&M University
In office 1902–1905
Preceded by	(Acting)
Succeeded by
Personal details
Born	David Franklin Houston (1866-02-17)February 17, 1866 Monroe, North Carolina, U.S.
Died	September 2, 1940(1940-09-02) (aged 74) New York City, New York, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	Helen Beall
Children	5
Education	University of South Carolina, Columbia (BA) Harvard University (MA)

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David Franklin Houston (February 17, 1866 – September 2, 1940) was an American academic, businessman and Conservative Democrat. ^[1] He served under President Wilson as the 5th Secretary of Agriculture and the 48th United States Secretary of the Treasury.

Early life and family[]

Young Houston age 19, (April 1885).

Helen Beall Houston, 1913, sketched by Marguerite Martyn

Houston was born in Monroe, North Carolina on February 17, 1866. He was the son of William Henry Houston, a horse dealer and grocer, and his wife, the former Pamela Ann Stevens. He graduated from the University of South Carolina in 1887 and did graduate work at Harvard University, where he received a M.A. in political science in 1892.^[2] Houston married Helen Beall on December 11, 1895. They had five children: David Franklin, Jr., Duval, Elizabeth, Helen and Lawrence Reid Houston.

Higher education[]

Houston taught political science at University of Texas. He became an adjunct member of the faculty in 1894 and was named dean of the faculty in 1899. He then became president of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas (now Texas A&M University) from 1902 until 1905. In 1905 he returned to UT to become that institution's president, serving until 1908. During his tenure at UT Austin, the school opened a doctoral program and a law school.^[2]

Houston left Texas to serve as chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis, a position he held from 1908 to 1913. During his tenure he established the School of Architecture and strengthened the medical school through partnerships with Children's and Barnes hospitals. He left the university to become the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture.^[2]

Under President William McKinley he was on the board of visitors of the United States Military Academy at West Point. Later in life, he was an overseer of Harvard University and on the Columbia University Board of Trustees.^[2]

Politics and ready for Wilson's administration[]

Houston served as President Woodrow Wilson's Secretary of Agriculture from 1913 to 1920. During his time as Agriculture Secretary many important agricultural laws were passed by the U.S. Congress, including the Smith-Lever Act, the Farm Loan Act, the Warehouse Act, and the . However following the Food and Fuel Control Act responsibility for food was handed over to Herbert Hoover at the United States Food Administration. Hoover only accepted the position on the basis he would be free from interference from Houston.^[3]

Houston's former house in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C.

He became the Secretary of the Treasury from 1920–1921 shortly following the First World War.^[4] His brief tenure was marked by stormy controversies over federal monetary policies. As ex officio Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, he issued severe warnings and, increased rediscount rates in order to prevent the inflation that the European allies were experiencing. Houston predicted a fall in U.S. prices, particularly of farm products, after the optimism of the Armistice wore off. He pushed for easier credit for farmers and urged them to produce less.

But when prices fell more dramatically than expected in 1920, farm spokesmen unfairly accused Houston of deliberately wrecking agrarian prosperity. Abroad, England and France were pushing to cancel their war debts. Houston, the U.S. Congress and the President, against cancellation, converted the short-term debts to long-term loans. Houston resigned at the end of President Wilson's term, after only a year in office.

Business[]

After leaving the U.S. federal government, Houston became as the president of the and a vice president at AT&T. Houston also served as a director of AT&T, the Guaranty Trust Company and the United States Steel Corporation. He was president of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York for ten years.^[2]

Death[]

Houston died of a heart attack on September 2, 1940 at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center in New York City.^[2][5] He was buried next to his wife at Saint John's Church Cemetery in Oyster Bay, New York.

Writings[]

Houston published A Critical Study of Nullification in South Carolina (1896) to establish his place in academia. He later published a two-volume memoir of his experiences as a cabinet member, Eight Years with Wilson's Cabinet.

References[]

External links[]

• Media related to David F. Houston at Wikimedia Commons
• Works written by or about David Franklin Houston at Wikisource