Dutch Celebes

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Dutch Celebes
Celebes en Onderhoorigheden (nl)
Sulawesi dan Kepulauannya (id)
1699–1945
Flag of Celebes
Flag
Coat of arms of Celebes
Coat of arms
StatusDutch colony
CapitalMakassar
Common languagesDutch, Malay, Indonesian
Governor of Makassar/Governor of Celebes 
 
Historical eraImperialism
• Dutch conquest of the Sultanate of Makassar
1699
• Indonesian revolution
1945
CurrencyNetherlands Indies gulden
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Portuguese Empire
Indonesia

Dutch Celebes refers to the period of colonial governance on the island of Sulawesi - as a commandment of the Dutch East India Company from 1699[1] until its demise in the early 1800s, and then as a part of the Netherlands Indies or Dutch East Indies until 1945. Dutch presence in the region started with the capture of Sulawesi from the Portuguese, and ended by the declaration of independence by Indonesia. Celebes is now referred to as Sulawesi. Makassar, the capital, was also referred to as: Macassar, Makassar, Macaçar, Mancaçar, or Goa, Gowa (not to be confused with Goa, the capital of Portuguese India).[2]

History[]

Sulawesi prior to Dutch governance had been a part of the Sultanate of Gowa. In 1660 a large fleet under Johan van Dam bombarded Makassar. From 1667 onward the VOC held Fort Rotterdam in the port of Makassar. The fortress was established in 1669.[3] After four months of conflict to force Sultan Hasanuddin to submit, on 18 November 1667 the Treaty of Bongaya was signed, by which Dutch governance was accepted.[4] Celebes and Dependencies ("Celebes en Onderhoorigheden") was the name of a government of 1847-1924 and from 1925 of a residence of the Dutch East Indies, divided into sections. The capital was Makassar, which before 1847 had been the name of the government.[5][6]

Governors[]

  • Johan Sautijn[7] (-1737)
  • Adriaan Hendrik Smout (1737-)[8]
  • Joan Gideon Loten (1744-1750)
  • Roelof Blok
  • Charles Christiaan Tromp[9]
  •  [nl]
  •  [nl][10]
  • J. Grudelbach[11]
  • Jan David van Schelle (1821-1825)[12]
  • Albert Cornells de Brauw (1855-1857)[13]
  • Dirk Francois Schaap (1857-1859)[13]
  • Johannis Antonius Bakkers (1865)[13]
  • Willem Egbert Kroesen[13]

Administrative division[]

  • Afdeeling Makassar[14]
    • Onderafdeeling Makassar
    • Onderafdeeling Pangkadjene
    • Onderafdeeling Maros
  • Afdeeling Soenggoeminasa
    • Onderafdeeling Goa (Soenggoerminasa)
    • Onderafdeeling Takalar
    • Onderafdeeling Djeneponto
  • Afdeeling Bonthain
    • Onderafdeeling Bonthain
    • Onderafdeeling Boeloekoemba
    • Onderafdeeling Sindjai
    • Onderafdeeling Saleijer (Benteng)
  • Afdeeling Bone
    • Onderafdeeling Bone (Watampone)
    • Onderafdeeling Noord-Bone (Pampanoea)
    • Onderafdeeling Bone
    • Onderafdeeling Zuid-Bone (Mare)
    • Onderafdeeling Wadjo (Singkang)
    • Onderafdeeling Soppeng (Watangsoppeng)
  • Afdeeling Pare-Pare
    • Onderafdeeling Pare-pare
    • Onderafdeeling Pinrang
    • Onderafdeeling Sidenreng-Rappang (Rappang)
    • Onderafdeeling Enrekang
    • Onderafdeeling Barroe (Soempang Binangae)
  • Afdeeling Mandar
    • Onderafdeeling Madjene
    • Onderafdeeling Balangnipasche & Binoeangpasche Benedenlanden
    • Onderafdeeling Mamoedjoe
    • Onderafdeeling Boven-Binoeang & Pitoe Oelana Salo (Mamasa)
  • Afdeeling Loewoe (Palopo)
    • Onderafdeeling Palopo
    • Onderafdeeling Rante-Pao
    • Onderafdeeling Makale
    • Onderafdeeling Masamba
    • Onderafdeeling Malili
    • Onderafdeeling Kolaka
  • Afdeeling Boeton & Laiwoei (Baoebaoe)
    • Onderafdeeling Boeton (Baoebaoe)
    • Onderafdeeling Moena (Raha)
    • Onderafdeeling Toekang Beni-elianden
    • Onderafdeeling Kendari

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-04-26. Retrieved 2011-12-11.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. ^ "WHKMLA : History of Makassar". www.zum.de.
  3. ^ D. F. Lach, E. J. Van Kley, Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume III: A Century of Advance. Book 3: Southeast Asia. University of Chicago Press, 1993. ISBN 0-226-46754-6
  4. ^ D. G. E. Hall, A history of South-East Asia. St Martin's Press, New York, 1981. ISBN 0-333-24164-9
  5. ^ Martinus Nijhoff en E.J. Brill, Encyclopædie van Nederlandsch-Indië. 's-Gravenhage en Leiden, 1917-1939
  6. ^ Cribb, Robert, Historical Atlas of Indonesia. Richmond Surrey: Curzon Press, 2000. ISBN 0-7007-0985-1
  7. ^ H. Hägerdal, Hindu rulers, Muslim subjects: Lombok and Bali in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. White Lotus Press, 2001. ISBN 974-7534-11-8
  8. ^ W. Cummings, Makassar Annals. University of Hawaii Press, 2011. ISBN 90-6718-366-0
  9. ^ A. J. P. Raat, The Life of Governor Joan Gideon Loten (1710 - 1789). A Personal History of a Dutch Virtuoso. Verloren, 2010. ISBN 90-8704-151-9
  10. ^ http://www.defensie.nl%2Fnimh%2Fcollecties%2Fdocumentatie%2Fcollectie_nederlands_indie%2F&ei=oIkeT_PVLIPi4QTC_uG9Dw&usg=AFQjCNFnoH8Ncy0vxLjA2bBUg1BvqaZeOw&sig2=-0muz-SfYF8TWI3tQTLYPQ
  11. ^ B. F. Matthes, Boeginesch Heldendicht Op Daeng Kalaboe, Waarin Onder Andere De Dood Van Den Ambtenaar T. Baron Collot D' Escury ... Bezongen Worden: (door Abdoe-r-rasjied.). Nabu Press, 2011. ISBN 1-245-03226-7.
  12. ^ E. L. Poelinggomangm, Trade policy of the colonial government in Makassar in the 19th century. KPG, 2002. ISBN 979-9023-81-5
  13. ^ a b c d K. Sutherland, Jaarboekje Celebes. 1864
  14. ^ Indies, Dutch East (1931). Regeeringsalmanak voor Nederlandsch-Indië, Part 2.

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