Economy of Guangdong

Guangzhou is the capital of the province of Guangdong

The Economy of Guangdong is one of the most prosperous in China. Guangdong is located in southern China, bordering on Fujian Province to the east, Hunan Province to the north, Guangxi Autonomous Region to the west and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau to the south. It is also the 1st economy of a sub-national entity in terms of GDP US$1.7 trillion^[1] (as of 2019) in all of Asia and 4th largest sub-national entity in the world.

Overview[]

This is a trend of official estimates^[2] of the gross domestic product of the Province of Guangdong:

After the communist revolution and until the start of the Deng Xiaoping reforms in 1978, Guangdong was an economic backwater, although a large underground, service-based economy has always existed. Economic development policies encouraged industrial development in the interior provinces which were weakly linked to Guangdong via transportation links. The government policy of economic autarky made Guangdong's access to the ocean irrelevant.^{[citation needed]}

Deng Xiaoping's open door policy radically changed the economy of the province as it was able to take advantage of its access to the ocean, proximity to Hong Kong, and historical links to overseas Chinese. In addition, until the 1990s when the Chinese taxation system was reformed, the province benefited from the relatively low rate of taxation placed on it by the central government due to its post-Liberation status of being economically backward.^{[citation needed]}

Although Shanghai is often cited as evidence of China's success, Guangdong's economic boom demonstrates that China has become a labor-intensive manufacturing economy. Guangdong's economic boom began with the early 1990s and has since spread to neighboring provinces, and also pulled their populations inward. Guangdong is China's largest exporter, as well as its largest importer of goods.^[5] Its extensive manufacturing base is largely privately owned, making it less reliant on fixed asset investments than other provinces in China.^[5]

The province is now one of the richest in the nation, with the highest GDP among all the provinces, although wage growth has only recently begun to rise due to a large influx of migrant workers from neighboring provinces. Its nominal GDP for 2014 was 6.779 trillion yuan (US$1.104 trillion).^[6]

In 2008, Guangdong's primary, secondary, and tertiary industries were worth 197 billion yuan, 1.84 trillion yuan, and 1.53 trillion yuan respectively.^[7] Its per capita GDP reached 37,588 yuan (about US$5,410).^[8] Guangdong contributes approximately 12% of the total national economic output.^[7] Now, it has three of the six Special Economic Zones: Shenzhen, Shantou and Zhuhai. The affluence of Guangdong, however, remains very much concentrated in a handful of cities near the Pearl River Delta.^[5]

In 2008 its foreign trade also grew 7.8% from the previous year and is also by far the largest of all of China. By numbers, Guangdong's foreign trade accounts for more than a quarter of China's US$2.56 trillion foreign trade or roughly US$683 billion.^[9]

Recently, more than 7000 factories based in southern Guangdong cities such as Shenzhen and Dongguan has shut due to rapidly falling demand from western consumers, stricter labour and environmental regulations and the global financial crisis.^[10][11]

Economic and Technological Development Zones[]

• Economic and Technical Development Zone
• Foshan National New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone (Chinese Version)
• Futian free-trade zone
• Guangzhou Development District
• Guangzhou Export Processing Zone
• Guangzhou Free Trade Zone
• Guangzhou Nansha Economic and Technical Development Zone
• Guangzhou Nanhu Lake Tourist Holiday Resort (Chinese Version)
• Guangzhou New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone
• Huizhou Zhongkai National Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone (Chinese Version)
• Shantou Free Trade Zone
• Shatoujiao Free Trade Zone
• Shenzhen Export Processing Zone
• Shenzhen Hi-Tech Industrial Park
• Yantian Port Free Trade Zone
• Zhanjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone (Chinese Version)
• Zhuhai National Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone
• Zhuhai Free Trade Zone
• Zhongshan Torch High-tech Industrial Development Zone

References[]