Elections in Zimbabwe

Politics of Zimbabwe
Constitution Constitutional history Human rights
Government President Emmerson Mnangagwa Vice-President Constantino Chiwenga Vacant Cabinet
Legislature Parliament Senate President National Assembly Speaker Constituencies
Judiciary Supreme Court
Elections General 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008 2013 2018 Referendums 2000 2013 Electoral Commission Political parties
Administrative divisions Provinces Districts Wards
Foreign relations Ministry of Foreign Affairs Minister: Frederick Shava Diplomatic missions of / in Zimbabwe Passport Visa requirements Visa policy
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The Zimbabwe government consists of an elected head of state, the president, and a legislature. The presidential term lasts for 5 years, and is elected by majority, with a second round if no candidate receives a majority in the first round.^[1] The Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the House of Assembly and Senate. Following the 2013 constitution, the House of Assembly has 270 members. 210 are elected for five-year terms by single-member constituencies. Furthermore, the constitution specifies that for the two first parliaments, there are 60 additional seats reserved for women, 6 seats per province, which are filled based on the votes for in the single-member constituencies, using party-list proportional representation, distributed using the largest remainder method and the hare quota.^[2][3] The Senate has 80 members: 60 are elected for five-year terms in 6-member constituencies representing one of the 10 provinces, elected based on the votes in the lower house election, using party-list proportional representation, distributed using the hare quota. Additionally the senate consists of 2 seats for each non-metropolitan district of Zimbabwe elected by each provincial assembly of chiefs using SNTV,^[4] 1 seat each for the president and deputy president of the National Council of Chiefs and 1 male and 1 female seat for people with disabilities elected on separate ballots using FPTP by an electoral college designated by the National Disability Board.^[2][3]

Zimbabwe is a one party dominant state; the dominant party being the Zimbabwe African National Union - Patriotic Front. Opposition parties are permitted, including the MDC Alliance led by Nelson Chamisa and the MDC–T led by Thokozani Khuphe, both formations of the original Movement for Democratic Change created in 1999. Recent elections (March 2008) have witnessed former ruling party finance minister Simba Makoni standing as an independent presidential candidate.

Latest elections[]

President[]

Presidential election results map. Green denotes districts won by Mnangagwa, red denotes those won by Chamisa.

House of Assembly[]

House of Assembly election results map.

  ZANU–PF

  MDC

  National Patriotic Front

  Independent

Party		Votes	%	Seats
				Common	Women	Total	+/–
	ZANU–PF	2,477,708	52.35	144	35	179	–17
	Movement for Democratic Change Alliance	1,643,366	34.72	64	24	88	+16
	MDC–Tsvangirai (Khupe)	143,396	3.03	0	1	1	New
	People's Rainbow Coalition	61,644	1.30	0	0	0	New
	National Patriotic Front	49,103	1.04	1	0	1	New
	Zimbabwe Partnership for Prosperity	26,515	0.56	0	0	0	New
	Zimbabwe African People's Union	16,088	0.34	0	0	0	0
	Zimbabwe Democratic Union	11,199	0.24	0	0	0	New
	National Constitutional Assembly	9,736	0.21	0	0	0	New
	Mthwakazi Republic Party	9,554	0.20	0	0	0	New
	Build Zim Alliance	8,486	0.18	0	0	0	New
	Coalition of Democrats	6,522	0.14	0	0	0	New
	FreeZim Congress	4,240	0.09	0	0	0	0
	United Democratic Alliance	3,599	0.08	0	0	0	New
	Republican Party of Zimbabwe	3,264	0.07	0	0	0	New
	Freedom Movement #1980	2,146	0.05	0	0	0	New
	Alliance for the Peoples Agenda	2,111	0.04	0	0	0	New
	United African National Council	1,889	0.04	0	0	0	New
	The African Democrats	1,387	0.03	0	0	0	New
	United Movement for Democracy	1,357	0.03	0	0	0	0
	Alliance for National Salvation	1,204	0.03	0	0	0	New
	Zimbabwe Rainbow Democratic Party	1,172	0.02	0	0	0	New
	People's Progressive Party Zimbabwe	1,064	0.02	0	0	0	New
	Freedom Justice Coalition Zimbabwe	773	0.02	0	0	0	New
	United Democratic Front	611	0.01	0	0	0	New
	PRZ	494	0.01	0	0	0	New
	Zimbabwe Labour Party	464	0.01	0	0	0	New
	Zimbabwe Patriotic Movement	402	0.01	0	0	0	New
	Zim First	373	0.01	0	0	0	New
	National Action Party	362	0.01	0	0	0	New
	Rebuilding Zimbabwe Party	346	0.01	0	0	0	New
	Maat – Zimbabwe	342	0.01	0	0	0	New
	Zimbabwe People's Party: Good People's Movement	328	0.01	0	0	0	New
	Democratic Official Party	323	0.01	0	0	0	New
	United Democracy Movement	318	0.01	0	0	0	New
	Forces of Liberation Organization of African National Party	303	0.01	0	0	0	New
	Chief's Party	282	0.01	0	0	0	New
	United Crusade for Achieving Democracy Green Party of Zimbabwe	224	0.00	0	0	0	New
	Unity Party Zimbabwe	214	0.00	0	0	0	New
	New Zimbabwe Republican Party	198	0.00	0	0	0	New
	Federal Democrats of Zimbabwe	194	0.00	0	0	0	New
	ERA	177	0.00	0	0	0	New
	Democratic Alliance–United People's Party	147	0.00	0	0	0	New
	Progressive Democrats of Zimbabwe	144	0.00	0	0	0	New
	United Christian Alliance	123	0.00	0	0	0	New
	African People's Congress	70	0.00	0	0	0	New
	Suffering Voices of Zimbabwe	66	0.00	0	0	0	New
	Freedom Front	44	0.00	0	0	0	0
	Independents	238,779	5.05	1	0	1	–1
Total		4,732,851	100.00	210	60	270	0
Source: ZEC

Senate[]

Party		Seats	+/–
	ZANU–PF	34	–3
	Movement for Democratic Change Alliance	25	+2
	MDC–Tsvangirai (Khupe)	1	New
Chiefs		18	–
People with disabilities		2	–
Total		80	0
Source: ZBC

Referendums[]

On 12–13 February 2000, there was a constitutional referendum for increasing the powers of the president. These powers were to permit the government to confiscate White-owned land without compensation for the purpose of redistribution to Black farmers, and to give government officials immunity from prosecution.

• "Yes" Votes 45.32%
• "No" Votes 54.68%

See also[]

• List of Zimbabwean presidential election results by province
• Electoral calendar
• Electoral system

References[]

External links[]

• "Zimbabwe Election: Stolen Ballots"
• Electionworld
• African Elections Database
• Adam Carr's Election Archive