Europe (dinghy)
Development | |
---|---|
Designer | |
Location | Belgium |
Year | 1960 |
Design | One-Design |
Boat | |
Crew | 1 |
Draft | 0.15 m (5.9 in) 1.0 m (3 ft 3 in) |
Hull | |
Type | Monohull |
Construction | GRP Cold moulded plywood Composite |
Hull weight | 45 kg (99 lb) |
LOA | 3.35 m (11.0 ft) |
Beam | 1.38 m (4 ft 6 in) |
Hull appendages | |
Keel/board type | Daggerboard |
Rig | |
Rig type | Bermuda rig |
Mast length | 4.895 m (16.06 ft) |
Sails | |
Mainsail area | 7 m2 (75 sq ft) |
Racing | |
D-PN | 92.8[1] |
RYA PN | 1145[2] |
Former Olympic class | |
The Europe is a one-person dinghy designed in Belgium in 1960 by as a class legal Moth dinghy. The design later changed into its own one-design class.
The dinghy is ideal for sailors weighing 50–85 kilos. The hull is made of fibre glass and weighs 45 kg, fully rigged 60 kg. The dinghy is tapering in the stem and round in the bottom. The sail is made of dacron. The mast is made of carbon fibre and specially designed to the sailor. A soft mast is best for light sailors, while heavier sailors use stiffer masts. Sails are also specially designed according to mast stiffness and crew weight.
The Europe was introduced as an Olympic class in the 1992 Summer Olympics as the women's single-handed dinghy. It was replaced by the Laser Radial in the 2008 Summer Olympics.
Since 2008 the Europe is one of the Vintage Yachting Classes at the Vintage Yachting Games.
Events[]
Olympic Games[3][]
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Norway (NOR) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
2 | Denmark (DEN) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
3 | Great Britain (GBR) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
4 | Netherlands (NED) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
5 | Czech Republic (CZE) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Spain (ESP) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
7 | United States (USA) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
8 | Argentina (ARG) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Totals (8 nations) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 12 |
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1992 Barcelona |
Norway (NOR) Linda Cerup-Simonsen |
Spain (ESP) Natalia Vía Dufresne |
United States (USA) Julia Trotman |
1996 Atlanta |
Denmark (DEN) Kristine Roug |
Netherlands (NED) Margriet Matthijsse |
United States (USA) Courtenay Becker-Dey |
2000 Sydney |
Great Britain (GBR) Shirley Robertson |
Netherlands (NED) Margriet Matthijsse |
Argentina (ARG) Serena Amato |
2004 Athens |
Norway (NOR) Siren Sundby |
Czech Republic (CZE) Lenka Smidova |
Denmark (DEN) Signe Livbjerg |
Asian Games[4] Women's[]
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | China (CHN) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
2 | Japan (JPN) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
3 | Singapore (SIN) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
South Korea (KOR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Totals (4 nations) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
2002 Pusan | China (CHN) |
Japan (JPN) Maiko Sato |
South Korea (KOR) |
1998 Bangkok | China (CHN) |
Japan (JPN) Aiko Saito |
Singapore (SIN) Tracey Tan |
Pan American Games[5] Women's[]
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Brazil (BRA) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
2 | Argentina (ARG) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
3 | United States (USA) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
4 | Bermuda (BER) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Mexico (MEX) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Totals (5 nations) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1995 Mar del Plata | Brazil (BRA) Marcia Pellicano |
United States (USA) |
Bermuda (BER) Paula Lewin |
1999 Winnipeg | Argentina (ARG) Serena Amato |
Brazil (BRA) |
Mexico (MEX) |
World Championship[6][]
Open[]
Gold | Silver | Bronze | |
---|---|---|---|
1966 Antibes | (BEL) | P. Van Genabeek (BEL) | Bartoli (FRA) |
1967 Ostende | M. Lambot (FRA) | (BEL) | van Godtsenhoeven (BEL) |
1968 Madeira | (BEL) | Stafler (FRA) | Cospen (FRA) |
1969 Toulon | Stafler (FRA) | J. Demoulin (FRA) | Devillers (FRA) |
1970 De Fluessen | (BEL) | Hervey (FRA) | C. Maes (BEL) |
1971 Ratzeburger See | (FRG) | (BEL) | J.-P. Bernard (BEL) |
1972 Nyborg | (FRA) | (FRA) | (DEN) |
1973 Bandol | (FRA) | (FRA) | (FRA) |
1974 Horten | (FRA) | (FRG) | Pierre Saint-Jean (FRA) |
1975 C'an Pastilla | Pierre Saint-Jean (FRA) | (SWE) | (SWE) |
1976 Malmö | (FRA) | (DEN) | Pierre Saint-Jean (FRA) |
1977 | (SWE) | (DEN) | (BEL) |
Men[]
Gold | Silver | Bronze | |
---|---|---|---|
1978 Skovshoved | Hans Wallén (SWE) | (SWE) | (DEN) |
1979 La Rochelle | (FRA) | (FRA) | (SWE) |
1980 Helsinki | (NOR) | (FRA) | Hans Wallén (SWE) |
1981 Hoorn | (FIN) | (FIN) | (SWE) |
1982 Monfalcone | Marco Pirinoli (FRA) | (SWE) | (SWE) |
1983 Fuengirola | no champion decided | ||
1984 Kiel | (FRG) | (DEN) | Hans Riber (DEN) |
1985 Tønsberg | Ole Petter Pollen (NOR) | (ESP) | (SWE) |
1986 Helsinki | (SWE) | (DEN) | (DEN) |
1987 Crozon-Morgat | (SWE) | (DEN) | (DEN) |
1988 Nieuwpoort | Serge Kats (NED) | (DEN) | (FIN) |
1989 Oxelösund | Serge Kats (NED) | (SWE) | (DEN) |
1990 Livorno | (FIN) | (ITA) | (ESP) |
1991 Buzios | Stefan Rahm (SWE) | (SWE) | (DEN) |
1992 Izola | (FIN) | (SLO) | Peer Moberg (NOR) |
(FRA) | Peder Ronholt (DEN) | Johan Molund (SWE) | |
1994 La Rochelle | Mattias Rahm (SWE) | Xavier Revil (FRA) | Johan Molund (SWE) |
1995 North Shore City | Mattias Rahm (SWE) | Johan Molund (SWE) | (SWE) |
1996 Palma de Mallorca | Johan Molund (SWE) | Christoffer Sundby (NOR) | (DEN) |
1997 San Francisco | Christoffer Sundby (NOR) | (FRA) | (DEN) |
1998 Travemünde | (DEN) | (POL) | (NED) |
1999 Mornington | (DEN) | (SWE) | (DEN) |
2000 Salvador da Bahia | (NOR) | (DEN) | (SWE) |
2001 Vilamoura | (DEN) | (FRA) | (NOR) |
2002 Hamilton | (DEN) | (ESP) | (ESP) |
2003 Cadiz | (SWE) | (SWE) | Christopher Gundersen (NOR) |
2004 Cagliari | Christopher Gundersen (NOR) | (SWE) | (DEN) |
2005 Rizhao | (ESP) | (CHN) | (GER) |
2006 Skovshoved | (GER) | (SWE) | (DEN) |
2007 Workum | (NOR) | (FRA) | (ESP) |
2008 Santo Antonio | (FIN) | (NOR) | (SWE) |
2009 Brest | (FRA) | (ESP) | Anders Carlson (SWE) |
2010 Arkösund | (ESP) | (DEN) | Kaarle Tapper (FIN) |
2011 Gravedona | (DEN) | (ESP) | (NOR) |
2012 L'Escala | (ESP) | (FRA) | Nicholas Fadler Martinsen (NOR) |
2013 Sønderborg | (DEN) | (NOR) | (ESP) |
2014 La Rochelle | (NOR) | (ESP) | (FRA) |
2015 Arendal | (NOR) | (DEN) | (SWE) |
2016 Nago–Torbole | (FRA) | (NOR) | (DEN) |
2017 Blanes | (ESP) | (NOR) | (GER) |
2018 Kulhsungsborn | (GER) | (NOR) | (DEN) |
2019 El Balis | (ESP) | (ESP) | (NOR) |
2020 Raa | postponed to 2021 due to COVID-19 pandemic |
Women[]
Gold | Silver | Bronze | |
---|---|---|---|
1978 Skovshoved | Marit Söderström (SWE) | ||
1979 La Rochelle | Marit Söderström (SWE) | Chaudun (FRA) | Lefort (FRA) |
1980 Grömitz | S. Krenninger (FRA) | A. Lefort (FRA) | M. Andersson (SWE) |
1981 Hoorn | Marit Söderström (SWE) | S. Krenninger (FRA) | (DEN) |
1982 Monfalcone | (FRA) | (SWE) | (SWE) |
1983 Fuengirola | no champion decided | ||
1984 Kiel | (SWE) | (FRA) | (DEN) |
1985 Tønsberg | (SWE) | Mette Munch (DEN) | (SWE) |
1986 Helsinki | (NOR) | Mette Munch (DEN) | (NOR) |
1987 Crozon Morgat | Tonje Kristiansen (NOR) | Mette Munch (DEN) | Arianna Bogatec (ITA) |
1988 Nieuwpoort | (ITA) | Linda Cerup-Simonsen (NOR) | (FRA) |
1989 Oxelösund | Chiara Calligaris (ITA) | (USA) | (NOR) |
1990 Livorno | Chiara Calligaris (ITA) | Min Dezillie (BEL) | (ITA) |
1991 Buzios | (FRA) | (SWE) | Dorte Jensen (DEN) |
1992 Izola | Malin Millbourn (SWE) | (BEL) | C. Nordqvist (SWE) |
1993 Kalovig | Dorte Jensen (DEN) | Shirley Robertson (GBR) | (NED) |
1994 La Rochelle | Kristine Roug (DEN) | (CAN) | Margriet Matthijsse (NED) |
1995 North Shore City | Kristine Roug (DEN) | Margriet Matthijsse (NED) | Natalia Vía Dufresne (ESP) |
1996 Palma de Mallorca | Carolijn Brouwer (NED) | Karianne Eikeland (NOR) | (NOR) |
1997 San Francisco | Margriet Matthijsse (NED) | Kristine Roug (DEN) | (AUS) |
1998 Travemünde | Carolijn Brouwer (NED) | Shirley Robertson (GBR) | Kristine Roug (DEN) |
1999 Mornington | Margriet Matthijsse (NED) | (AUS) | Shirley Robertson (GBR) |
2000 Salvador da Bahia | Kristine Roug (DEN) | Shirley Robertson (GBR) | Meg Galliard (USA) |
2001 Vilamoura | Sari Multala (FIN) | Carolijn Brouwer (NED) | Lenka Šmídová (CZE) |
2002 Hamilton | Sarah Blanck (AUS) | Siren Sundby (NOR) | Petra Niemann (GER) |
2003 Cádiz | Siren Sundby (NOR) | Sari Multala (FIN) | Petra Niemann (GER) |
2004 Cagliari | Siren Sundby (NOR) | Sari Multala (FIN) | (DEN) |
2005 Rizhao | (CHN) | (CHN) | Tania Elías Calles (MEX) |
2006 Skovshoved | (SWE) | (DEN) | Helen Montilla (ESP) |
2007 Workum | (GER) | (DEN) | (DEN) |
2008 Santo Antonio | Josefin Olsson (SWE) | Anne-Marie Rindom (DEN) | Anette Viborg Andreasen (DEN) |
2009 Brest | Anne-Marie Rindom (DEN) | Anette Viborg Andreasen (DEN) | (ESP) |
2010 Arkösund | (ESP) | Hanna Klinga (SWE) | (DEN) |
2011 Gravedona | Silvia Zennaro (ITA) | (DEN) | (GER) |
2012 L'Escala | (DEN) | (SWE) | Silvia Zennaro (ITA) |
2013 Sonderborg | (DEN) | (ESP) | (DEN) |
2014 La Rochelle | (DEN) | (DEN) | Mathilde Géron (FRA) |
2015 Arendal | (DEN) | (SWE) | (DEN) |
2016 Nago–Torbole | (DEN) | (DEN) | (GER) |
2017 Blanes | (DEN) | (DEN) | (ESP) |
2018 Kulhsungsborn | (DEN) | (ESP) | (GER) |
2019 El Balis | (DEN) | (ESP) | (ESP) |
2020 Raa | postponed to 2021 due to COVID-19 pandemic |
Continental Championships[]
European Championship[7] Women's[]
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Netherlands (NED) | 4 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
2 | Denmark (DEN) | 3 | 3 | 0 | 6 |
3 | Norway (NOR) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
4 | Finland (FIN) | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
5 | Spain (ESP) | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
6 | France (FRA) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Sweden (SWE) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
8 | Great Britain (GBR) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
9 | New Zealand (NZL) | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
10 | Australia (AUS) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Germany (GER) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Totals (11 nations) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 33 |
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1991 | Norway (NOR) Linda Andersen |
Denmark (DEN) |
France (FRA) |
1992 | Denmark (DEN) Dorte Jensen |
Sweden (SWE) Helena Brodin |
Norway (NOR) Linda Andersen |
1995 Malmö | Netherlands (NED) Margriet Matthijsse |
Norway (NOR) |
Germany (GER) |
1997 | Netherlands (NED) Margriet Matthijsse |
Netherlands (NED) Carolijn Brouwer |
Netherlands (NED) Marcelien de Koning |
1999 Hayling Island | Netherlands (NED) Margriet Matthijsse |
United Kingdom (GBR) Shirley Robertson |
Australia (AUS) |
2000 Murcia | Netherlands (NED) Margriet Matthijsse |
Finland (FIN) Sari Multala |
New Zealand (NZL) Sarah Macky |
2002 Nieuwpoort | Finland (FIN) Sari Multala |
Denmark (DEN) |
New Zealand (NZL) Sarah Macky |
2003 Palma de Mallorca | Norway (NOR) Siren Sundby |
Finland (FIN) Sari Multala |
New Zealand (NZL) Sarah Macky |
2005 Helsinki | Denmark (DEN) |
Finland (FIN) Sari Multala |
Sweden (SWE) |
2006 Marsala | Denmark (DEN) |
France (FRA) |
Spain (ESP) |
2007 L'Escala | Spain (ESP) |
Denmark (DEN) |
Spain (ESP) |
European Championship[8] Men's[]
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Denmark | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
2 | Spain | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
3 | Finland | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
4 | Sweden | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
5 | France | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
6 | Germany | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Totals (6 nations) | 5 | 5 | 6 | 16 |
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Denmark | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
2 | Spain | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
3 | Finland | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
4 | Sweden | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
5 | France | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
6 | Germany | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Totals (6 nations) | 5 | 5 | 6 | 16 |
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
2002 Nieuwpoort | Denmark (DEN) |
Sweden (SWE) |
Sweden (SWE) |
2003 Palma de Mallorca | Spain (ESP) |
Spain (ESP) |
Spain (ESP) |
2005 Helsinki | Finland (FIN) |
Sweden (SWE) Anton Dahlberg |
Denmark (DEN) |
2006 Marsala | Denmark (DEN) |
Germany (GER) |
Spain (ESP) |
2007 L'Escala | Denmark (DEN) |
France (FRA) |
Spain (ESP) |
European Championship Open Master[]
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | France | 3 | 6 | 7 | 16 |
2 | Spain | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 |
3 | Denmark | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
4 | Belgium | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
5 | Czech Republic | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
6 | Germany | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
Totals (6 nations) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 39 |
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
2000 Barcelona | Spain (ESP) |
Spain (ESP) Helen Montilla |
Belgium (BEL) |
2001 Bad Saarow | France (FRA) |
Czech Republic (CZE) |
France (FRA) |
2002 Černá v Pošumaví | Belgium (BEL) |
Germany (GER) |
France (FRA) |
2003 Biscarosse | Germany (GER) |
Czech Republic (CZE) |
France (FRA) |
2004 Lake Neusiedl | Denmark (DEN) |
Belgium (BEL) |
Czech Republic (CZE) |
2005 Poznań | Denmark (DEN) |
Belgium (BEL) |
France (FRA) |
2006 Skive | Denmark (DEN) |
France (FRA) |
Germany (GER) |
2007 Girona | Spain (ESP) Helen Montilla |
France (FRA) |
Spain (ESP) |
2008 Quiberon | France (FRA) |
France (FRA) |
France (FRA) |
2009 Cerfontaine | Belgium (BEL) |
France (FRA) |
Germany (GER) |
2010 Lago di Garda | Czech Republic (CZE) |
France (FRA) |
France (FRA) |
2012 Lago di Garda | Spain (ESP) |
Spain (ESP) |
Belgium (BEL) |
2013 Brest | France (FRA) |
France (FRA) |
France (FRA) |
European Championship Women's Youth[]
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Denmark | 7 | 7 | 6 | 20 |
2 | Sweden | 2 | 1 | 4 | 7 |
3 | Belgium | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
4 | France | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
5 | Finland | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Netherlands | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
7 | Germany | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Totals (7 nations) | 11 | 11 | 12 | 34 |
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
2003 Palma de Mallorca | Belgium (BEL) |
Netherlands (NED) Merel Witteveen |
France (FRA) Mathilde Geron |
2004 Vila Real de Santo António | Belgium (BEL) |
France (FRA) Mathilde Geron |
Sweden (SWE) |
2005 Tønsberg | Denmark (DEN) |
Denmark (DEN) |
Germany (GER) |
2006 L'Estartit | Denmark (DEN) |
Denmark (DEN) |
Denmark (DEN) |
2007 Biscarrosse | Denmark (DEN) |
Denmark (DEN) |
Denmark (DEN) Anne-Marie Rindom |
2008 Gravedona | Denmark (DEN) Anette Viborg Andreasen |
Denmark (DEN) |
Sweden (SWE) |
2009 Dénia | Denmark (DEN) Anne-Marie Rindom |
Denmark (DEN) |
Denmark (DEN) |
2010 Aarhus | Denmark (DEN) |
Denmark (DEN) |
Sweden (SWE) |
2011 Travemünde | Sweden (SWE) Julia Carlsson |
Denmark (DEN) |
Sweden (SWE) |
2012 Lago di Garda | Sweden (SWE) |
Sweden (SWE) Julia Carlsson |
Denmark (DEN) |
2013 Brest | Denmark (DEN) Trine Bentzen |
Finland (FIN) |
Denmark (DEN) |
European Championship Men's Youth[]
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Sweden | 3 | 3 | 6 | 12 |
2 | Denmark | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9 |
3 | France | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
4 | Norway | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
5 | Spain | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
6 | Finland | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Totals (6 nations) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 33 |
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
2003 Palma de Mallorca | France (FRA) |
Denmark (DEN) |
Sweden (SWE) Anton Dahlberg |
2004 Vila Real de Santo António | France (FRA) |
Sweden (SWE) |
Sweden (SWE) |
2005 Tønsberg | Sweden (SWE) |
Norway (NOR) |
Sweden (SWE) |
2006 L'Estartit | Denmark (DEN) |
Sweden (SWE) |
Denmark (DEN) Thomas Tang |
2007 Biscarrosse | Finland (FIN) |
Spain (ESP) |
Denmark (DEN) Michael Hansen |
2008 Gravedona | Denmark (DEN) |
Denmark (DEN) |
Sweden (SWE) |
2009 Dénia | Denmark (DEN) |
Norway (NOR) |
Spain (ESP) |
2010 Aarhus | Spain (ESP) |
Spain (ESP) |
Sweden (SWE) |
2011 Travemünde | Sweden (SWE) |
Sweden (SWE) |
Sweden (SWE) |
2012 Lago di Garda | Sweden (SWE) |
Norway (NOR) Nicholas Fadler Martinsen |
Denmark (DEN) |
2013 Brest | Norway (NOR) |
Denmark (DEN) |
Norway (NOR) |
Vintage Yachting Games[9][]
Women's[]
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Germany (GER) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
2 | Denmark (DEN) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
3 | Italy (ITA) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
4 | Spain (ESP) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Totals (4 nations) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
2008 Medemblik | Germany (GER) |
Italy (ITA) Silvia Zennaro |
Spain (ESP) Elisabet Llargués Masachs |
2012 Lake Como | Germany (GER) |
Denmark (DEN) |
Denmark (DEN) |
2016 Weymouth Bay |
Men's[]
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Denmark | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
2 | France | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
3 | Germany | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
4 | Spain | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Totals (4 nations) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
2008 Medemblik | France (FRA) |
Spain (ESP) |
Germany (GER) |
2012 Lake Como | Denmark (DEN) |
Germany (GER) |
Denmark (DEN) |
2016 Weymouth Bay |
See also[]
References[]
- ^ "Centerboard Classes". US Sailing. Archived from the original on 16 August 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
- ^ "Portsmouth Number List 2012". Royal Yachting Association. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
- ^ Olympic results
- ^ Asian Archived 2009-06-25 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Pan American Archived 2009-06-25 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Worlds
- ^ "Europeans". Archived from the original on 2008-07-24. Retrieved 2009-07-24.
- ^ "Europeans". Archived from the original on 2008-07-24. Retrieved 2009-07-24.
- ^ Vintage results
External links[]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Europe (dinghy). |
- Europe (dinghy)
- Classes of World Sailing
- Dinghies
- Olympic sailing classes
- 1960s sailboat type designs
- Sailboat type designs by Belgian designers