FIFA Women's World Cup

FIFA Women's World Cup

Founded	1991; 30 years ago (1991)
Region	FIFA (International)
Number of teams	32 (from 2023)
Current champions	United States (4th title)
Most successful team(s)	United States (4 titles)
Website	www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/
2023 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification

BC Place in Vancouver, Canada, hosting a group stage match in 2015.
Tournaments
1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015 2019 2023 2027

The FIFA Women's World Cup is an international association football competition contested by the senior women's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's international governing body. The competition has been held every four years and one year after the FIFA World Cup since 1991, when the inaugural tournament, then called the FIFA Women's World Championship, was held in China. Under the tournament's current format, national teams vie for 23 slots in a three-year qualification phase. The host nation's team is automatically entered as the 24th slot. The tournament proper, alternatively called the World Cup Finals, is contested at venues within the host nation(s) over a period of about one month.

The eight FIFA Women's World Cup tournaments have been won by four national teams. The United States have won four times, and are the current champions after winning it at the 2019 tournament in France. The other winners are Germany, with two titles, and Japan and Norway with one title each.

Six countries have hosted the Women's World Cup. China and the United States have each hosted the tournament twice, while Canada, France, Germany, and Sweden have each hosted it once.

Format[]

Qualification[]

Qualifying tournaments are held within the six FIFA continental zones (Africa, Asia, North and Central America and Caribbean, South America, Oceania, Europe), and are organised by their respective confederations: Confederation of African Football (CAF), Asian Football Confederation (AFC), Confederation of North, Central America, and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF), South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL), Oceania Football Confederation (OFC), and Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). For each tournament, FIFA decides beforehand the number of berths awarded to each of the continental zones, based on the relative strength of the confederations' teams. The hosts of the World Cup receive an automatic berth in the finals. Since the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup, the number of finalists increased from 16 to 24 and now 32.^[1]

Final tournament[]

The final tournament has featured between 12 and 24 national teams competing over about one month in the host nation(s). There are two stages: the group stage followed by the knockout stage.^[2]

In the group stage, teams are drawn into groups of four teams each. Each group plays a round-robin tournament, in which each team is scheduled for three matches against other teams in the same group. The last round of matches of each group is scheduled at the same time to preserve fairness among all four teams. In the 2015 24-team format, the two teams finishing first and second in each group and the four best teams among those ranked third qualified for the round of 16, also called the knockout stage. Points are used to rank the teams within a group. Since 1994, three points have been awarded for a win, one for a draw and none for a loss (before, winners received two points).

The ranking of each team in each group is determined as follows:^[2]

1. Greatest number of points in group matches
2. Greatest goal difference in group matches
3. Greatest number of goals scored in group matches
4. If more than one team remain level after applying the above criteria, their ranking will be determined as follows:
   1. Greatest number of points in head-to-head matches among those teams
   2. Greatest goal difference in head-to-head matches among those teams
   3. Greatest number of goals scored in head-to-head matches among those teams
5. If any of the teams above remain level after applying the above criteria, their ranking will be determined by the drawing of lots

The knockout stage is a single-elimination tournament in which teams play each other in one-off matches, with extra time and penalty shootouts used to decide the winners if necessary. It begins with the round of 16. This is followed by the quarter-finals, semi-finals, the third-place match (contested by the losing semi-finalists), and the final.^[2]

History[]

The first instance of a Women's World Cup dates back to 1970, with the first international tournament taking place in Italy in July 1970.^[3] This was followed by another unofficial tournament the following year in Mexico, where Denmark won the title after defeating Mexico in the final.^[4][5][6] In the mid-1980s, the Mundialito was held in Italy across four editions with both Italy and England winning two titles.^[7]

Several countries lifted their ban on women's football in the 1970s, leading to new teams being established across Europe and North America. After the first international women's tournaments were held in Asia in 1975^[8] and Europe in 1984, declared that she wanted better effort from the FIFA Congress in promoting the women's game.^[9] This came in 1988 in the form of an invitational tournament in China as a test to see if a global women's World Cup was feasible. Twelve national teams took part in the competition – four from UEFA, three from AFC, two from CONCACAF, and one each from CONMEBOL, CAF and OFC. After the opening match of the tournament between China and Canada was attended by 45,000 people, the tournament was deemed a success, with crowds averaging 20,000. Norway, who was the European champion, defeated Sweden, 1–0, in the final, while Brazil clinched third place by beating the hosts in a penalty shootout.^[10] The competition was deemed a success and on 30 June FIFA approved the establishment of an official World Cup, which was to take place in 1991 again in China. Again, twelve teams competed, this time culminating in the United States defeating Norway in the final, 2–1, with Michelle Akers scoring two goals.^[11]

The 1995 edition in Sweden saw the experiment of a time-out concept throughout the tournament which was later tightened mid-tournament to only occur after a break in play. The time-out only appeared in the one tournament which saw it scrapped. The final of the 1995 edition saw Norway, who scored 17 goals in the group stage, defeat Germany, 2–0, to capture their only title.^[12] In the 1999 edition, one of the most famous moments of the tournament was American defender Brandi Chastain's victory celebration after scoring the Cup-winning penalty kick against China. She took off her jersey and waved it over her head (as men frequently do), showing her muscular torso and sports bra as she celebrated. The 1999 final in the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, had an attendance of 90,185, a world record for a women's sporting event.^[13]

The 1999 and 2003 Women's World Cups were both held in the United States; in 2003 China was supposed to host it, but the tournament was moved because of SARS.^[14] As compensation, China retained their automatic qualification to the 2003 tournament as host nation, and was automatically chosen to host the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup. Germany hosted the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup, as decided by vote in October 2007. In March 2011, FIFA awarded Canada the right to host the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. The 2015 competition saw the field expand from 16 to 24 teams.^[15]

During the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup, both Formiga of Brazil and Homare Sawa of Japan appeared in their record sixth World Cup,^[16] a feat that had never been achieved before by either female or male players. Christie Pearce is the oldest player to ever play in a Women's World Cup match, at the age of 40 years.^[17] In March 2015, FIFA awarded France the right to host the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup over South Korea.^[18]

Trophy[]

The current trophy was designed in 1998 for the 1999 tournament, and takes the form of a spiral band, enclosing a football at the top, that aims to capture the athleticism, dynamism, and elegance of international women's football. In the 2010s, it was fitted with a cone-shaped base. Underneath the base, the name of each of the tournament's previous winners is engraved.^[19] The trophy is 47 cm (19 in) tall, weighs 4.6 kg (10 lb) and is made of sterling silver clad in 23-karat yellow and white gold, with an estimated value in 2015 of approximately $30,000. By contrast, the men's World Cup trophy is fabricated in 18-karat gold and has a precious metal value of $150,000. However, a new Winner's Trophy is constructed for each women's champion to take home, while there is only one original men's trophy which is retained by FIFA with each men's champion taking home a replica trophy.^[20]

Since 2007, the winners are also awarded the FIFA Champions Badge, which is worn on the jerseys of the winning team until the winners of the next tournament has been decided.^[21]

Attendance[]

Year	Hosts	Matches	Attendance			Notes
			Total	Average	Highest
1991	China	26	510,000	18,344	65,000	[22]
1995	Sweden		112,213	4,316	17,158	[22]
1999	United States	32	1,214,209	37,944	90,185	[22]
2003			679,664	21,240	34,144	[22]
2007	China		1,190,971	37,218	55,832	[22]
2011	Germany		845,751	26,430	73,680	[22]
2015	Canada	52	1,353,506	26,029	54,027	[22][23]
2019	France		1,131,312	21,756	57,900	[24]
2023	Australia  New Zealand	64	TBA	TBA	TBA

Notes:

• The 2003 Women's World Cup was originally planned to be hosted by China, but was awarded to the United States in May 2003 after a major SARS outbreak.
• The 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup set a new attendance record for all FIFA competitions besides the men's FIFA World Cup.^[23]

Results[]

Edition	Year	Hosts		Champions	Score and venue	Runners-up		Third place	Score and venue	Fourth place		No. of teams
1	1991	China		United States	2–1 Tianhe Stadium, Guangzhou	Norway		Sweden	4–0 Provincial Stadium, Guangzhou	Germany		12
2	1995	Sweden		Norway	2–0 Råsunda Stadium, Solna	Germany		United States	2–0 Strömvallen, Gävle	China PR		12
3	1999	United States		United States	0–0 (a.e.t.) (5–4 p) Rose Bowl, Pasadena	China PR		Brazil	0–0[A] (5–4 p) Rose Bowl, Pasadena	Norway		16
4	2003	United States		Germany	2–1 (a.e.t.) Home Depot Center, Carson	Sweden		United States	3–1 Home Depot Center, Carson	Canada		16
5	2007	China		Germany	2–0 Hongkou Stadium, Shanghai	Brazil		United States	4–1 Hongkou Stadium, Shanghai	Norway		16
6	2011	Germany		Japan	2–2 (a.e.t.) (3–1 p) Commerzbank-Arena, Frankfurt	United States		Sweden	2–1 Rhein-Neckar-Arena, Sinsheim	France		16
7	2015	Canada		United States	5–2 BC Place, Vancouver	Japan		England	1–0 (a.e.t.) Commonwealth Stadium, Edmonton	Germany		24
8	2019	France		United States	2–0 Parc Olympique Lyonnais, Lyon	Netherlands		Sweden	2–1 Allianz Riviera, Nice	England		24
9	2023	Australia   New Zealand			TBD Stadium Australia, Sydney							32

^A No extra time was played.^[25]

In all, 36 nations have played in at least one Women's World Cup. Of those, four nations have won the World Cup. With four titles, the United States is the most successful Women's World Cup team and is one of only seven nations to play in every World Cup. They have also had the most top four finishes (8), medals (8), and final appearances (5), including the longest streak of three consecutive finals in 2011, 2015, and 2019.

Map of countries' best results

Teams reaching the top four[]

Teams reaching the top four

Team	Titles	Runners-up	Third place	Fourth place	Total
United States	4 (1991, 1999*, 2015, 2019)	1 (2011)	3 (1995, 2003*, 2007)		8
Germany	2 (2003, 2007)	1 (1995)		2 (1991, 2015)	5
Norway	1 (1995)	1 (1991)		2 (1999, 2007)	4
Japan	1 (2011)	1 (2015)			2
Sweden		1 (2003)	3 (1991, 2011, 2019)		4
Brazil		1 (2007)	1 (1999)		2
China PR		1 (1999)		1 (1995)	2
Netherlands		1 (2019)			1
England			1 (2015)	1 (2019)	2
Canada				1 (2003)	1
France				1 (2011)	1

* = hosts

Best performances by confederations[]

As of 2019, four of the six FIFA confederations have made it to a Women's World Cup final, the only exceptions being CAF (Africa) and the OFC (Oceania). CONMEBOL is the only confederation to have made a World Cup final without winning, following Brazil's defeat in the 2007 final. The farthest advancing African team was Nigeria, who were eliminated in the quarter finals in 1999. Oceania has sent two teams, Australia and New Zealand, to the World Cup, but Australia did not advance from the group stage until after the country's football association moved to the Asian Football Confederation, and New Zealand (which remains in the OFC) has never advanced to the knockout rounds.

The United States and Norway are the only teams to have won the tournament in their own confederations, with the U.S. winning in 1999 (at home) and 2015 (in Canada), and Norway in 1995 (in Sweden). The United States are also the only team that has won the tournament in every continent was played: Asia (in 1991), Europe (in 2019) and in North America (in 1999 and in 2015). Germany has won in Asia (in 2007) and in North America (in 2003), Japan has won in Europe (in 2011).

Broadcasting and revenue[]

As of 2017, the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Final was the most watched football match in American history with nearly 23 million viewers,^[26] more than the 2015 NBA Finals and Stanley Cup.^[27] It was also the most watched Spanish-language broadcast in tournament history.^[26] More than 750 million viewers were reported to have watched the tournament worldwide.^[28]

The 2015 Women's World Cup generated almost $73 million. By comparison, the 2018 men's tournament generated an estimated $6.1 billion in revenue.^[29]

Awards[]

At the end of each World Cup, awards are presented to select players and teams for accomplishments other than their final team positions in the tournament. There are currently seven awards:

• The Golden Ball for the best player, determined by a vote of media members (first awarded in 1991); the Silver Ball and the Bronze Ball are awarded to the players finishing second and third in the voting respectively.
• The Golden Boot (also known as the Golden Shoe) for the top goalscorer (first awarded in 1991). The Silver Boot and the Bronze Boot have been awarded to the second and third top goalscorers respectively.
  • If two or more players finish the tournament with the same number of goals, tiebreakers are used in the following order:
    • Most assists.
    • Fewest minutes played.
• The Golden Glove Award for the best goalkeeper, decided by the FIFA Technical Study Group. First awarded in 2007 as "Best Goalkeeper"; current award name adopted in 2011.
• The Best Young Player Award for the best player no older than age 21 as of 1 January of the year of the final tournament, decided by the FIFA Technical Study Group (first awarded in 2011).
• The FIFA Fair Play Award for the team with the best record of fair play, according to the points system and criteria established by the FIFA Fair Play Committee (first awarded in 1991).
• The All-Star Team, consisting of the best players of the tournament as determined by the FIFA Technical Study Group (first selected in 1999).
• The Dream Team, consisting of the best players of the tournament as chosen by users of fifa.com (first selected in 2015).

Another award is presented a week after the final match:

• The Goal of the Tournament, consisting of the tournament's best goal, as chosen by users of fifa.com from a shortlist of 12 goals selected by FIFA's web administrators (first awarded in 2015).

One past award is no longer presented:

• The Most Entertaining Team Award for the team that has entertained the public the most during the World Cup, determined by a poll of the general public (awarded in 2003 and 2007).

Records and statistics[]

Boldface indicates a player still playing.

Top goalscorers[]

Marta of Brazil is the all-time leading scorer of the World Cup.

Individual

Rank	Player	Goals scored
#1	Marta	17
#2	Birgit Prinz	14
	Abby Wambach
#4	Michelle Akers	12
#5	Cristiane	11
	Sun Wen
	Bettina Wiegmann

Country

Rank	Player	Goals scored
#1	United States	138
#2	Germany	121
#3	Norway	93
#4	Sweden	71
#5	Brazil	66
#6	China PR	53
#7	England	43
#8	Japan	39
#9	Australia	38
#10	Canada	34

All-time table for champions[]

Rank	Team	Participations	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts	Titles
1	United States	8	50	40	6	4	138	38	100	126	4
2	Germany	8	44	30	5	9	121	39	82	95	2
3	Norway	8	40	24	4	12	93	52	41	76	1
4	Japan	8	33	14	4	15	39	59	-20	46	1

See also[]

• FIFA Women's Club World Cup
• FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup
• FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup

References[]

External links[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to FIFA Women's World Cup.

• Official website , FIFA.com (in English)
• UEFA's page on the FIFA Women's World Cup, UEFA.com (in English)
• RSSSF's pages, RSSSF.com (in English)