This is a family tree of Chinese kings covering the period from 2697 BCE up through the end of the Spring and Autumn period in 453 BCE, before the establishment of the title emperor (皇帝) by Shi Huangdi in 221 BCE.
Family tree of Chinese monarchs (ancient) → Family tree of Chinese monarchs (Warring States period) → Family tree of Chinese monarchs (early) → Family tree of Chinese monarchs (middle) → Family tree of Chinese monarchs (late)
The legendary Five Emperors were traditionally regarded as the founders of the Chinese state. The Records of the Grand Historian states that Shaohao did not accede to the throne while Emperor Zhi’s ephemeral and uneventful rule disqualify him from the Five Emperors in all sources.[1] Other sources name Yu the Great, the founder of the Xia dynasty, as the last of the Five.[2] Pretenders are italicized.[3]
This is a family tree for the Xia dynasty which ruled circa 2000–1750 BC. The historicity of the dynasty has sometimes been questioned, but circumstantial archaeological evidence supports its existence.[5]
This is a family tree for the Zhou dynasty, descendants of Duke Wu of Zhou who overthrew the last Shang ruler, thereby establishing the dynasty. Ruling from 1046 BC to 256 BC, it is notable as the longest dynasty in Chinese history, although the actual political and military control of China by the dynasty only lasted during the Western Zhou.
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^Mungello, David E. The Great Encounter of China and the West, 1500–1800 Rowman & Littlefield; 3 edition (28 Mar 2009). ISBN978-0-7425-5798-7. p. 97. [1]
