Family tree of Chinese monarchs (late)

This is a family tree of Chinese emperors from the Yuan dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty.

Family tree of Chinese monarchs (ancient) → Family tree of Chinese monarchs (Warring States period) → Family tree of Chinese monarchs (early) → Family tree of Chinese monarchs (middle) → Family tree of Chinese monarchs (late)

Yuan dynasty and Northern Yuan[]

The following is the Yuan dynasty family tree. Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire in 1206. The empire became split beginning with the succession war of his grandsons Kublai Khan and Ariq Boke. Kublai Khan, after defeating his younger brother Ariq Boke, founded the Yuan dynasty in China in 1271. The dynasty was overthrown by the Ming dynasty during the reign of Toghun Temür in 1368, but it survived in the Mongolian Plateau, known as the Northern Yuan; years of reign over the Northern Yuan (up to 1388) are given in brackets.

Long before Kublai Khan announced the dynastic name "Great Yuan" in 1271, Khagans (Great Khans) of the Mongol State (Yeke Mongγol Ulus) already started to use the Chinese title of Emperor (Chinese: 皇帝; pinyin: Huángdì) practically in the Chinese language since Spring 1206 in the First Year of the reign of Genghis Khan (as 成吉思皇帝; 'Genghis Emperor'^[1] However, The Mongol Khagans-Emperors and regents before Kublai Khan were only declared Yuan emperors after the creation of Yuan dynasty in 1271.

		Yesükhei Baghatur



1	2	3 (1)	4 (2)	5 (3)	6 (4)

Belgutei	Bekhter	Temujin Genghis Khan ~1162–1227 Taizu 太祖 Khagan: r.1206–1227	Hasar	Hachiun	Temüge 1168–1246



1	2	3		4

Jochi c.1181–1227	Chagatai 1183–1242	Ögedei Khan ~1186–1241 Taizong 太宗 Khagan: r. 1229–1241	Töregene Great Khatun 1242–1246	Tolui ~1190–1232 Ruizong 睿宗 (Khagan: r. 1227–1229)



		1	1	2	3	4

	Oghul Qaimish d. 1251 Khagan: r. 1248–1251	Güyük Khan ~1206–1248 Dingzong 定宗 Khagan: r. 1246–1248	Möngke Khan ~1208–1259 Xianzong 憲宗 Khagan: r. 1251–1259	Kublai Khan 1215–1294 Khagan: r. 1260–1271 Shizu 世祖 r. 1271–1294	Hulagu ~1217–1265 Ilkhan 1256–1265	Ariq Böke d. 1266 Khagan: r. 1260?



				2

				Zhenjin 真金 1243–1286 Yuzong 裕宗



	1		2	3

	Gammala 1263–1302 Xianzong 顯宗		Darmabala 1264–1292 Shunzong 順宗	Temür Öljeytü Khan 1265–1307 Chengzong 成宗 r. 1294–1307



	1		1	2

	Yesün Temür Khan 1293–1328 Taiding 泰定 r. 1323–1328		Kayishan Külüg Khan 1281–1311 Wuzong 武宗 r. 1307–1311	Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan 1285–1320 Renzong 仁宗 r. 1311–1320



	1	1	2	1

	Ragibagh Khan ~1320–1328? Tianshun 天順 r. 1328	Kuśala Khutughtu Khan 1300–1329 Mingzong 明宗 r. 1329	Tugh Temür Jayaatu Khan 1304–1332 Wenzong 文宗 r. 1328–1329; 1329–1332	Shidibala Gegeen Khan 1303–1323 Yingzong 英宗 r. 1321–1323



		1	2

		Toghun Temür Ukhaantu Khan 1320–1370 Huizong 惠宗 r. 1333 –1368(–1370)	Rinchinbal Khan 1326–1332 Ningzong 寧宗 1332



		Northern Yuan





		Ayushiridara Biligtü Khan Zhaozong 昭宗 r. 1370–1378	Tögüs Temür Uskhal Khan Yizong 益宗 r.1378–1388

Ming dynasty and Southern Ming[]

The following is a simplified family tree for the Ming dynasty, which ruled China between 1368 and 1644.

Those who became emperor are listed in bold, with their years of reign. In China, Ming emperors are best known by their temple names, which are given second below, after the personal name. (The Jianwen Emperor was not awarded a temple name: his posthumous name, Huidi (惠帝), is used instead.) The names given in bold are era names, the form by which Ming emperors are most commonly known in English, but which technically refer to the timespan of an emperor's reign rather than to the emperor himself. (Xingzong and Ruizong are temple names: they never actually ruled, but Xingzong was posthumously granted an emperor's title and Ruizong was raised posthumously to the status of emperor by his son, the Jiajing Emperor, in the Great Rites Controversy.) The imperial family's original family name was Zhu (朱), but the Hongwu Emperor adopted the dynastic name Ming (明) (as were all but one imperial Chinese dynasties), meaning "brilliant". The numbers here indicate the seniority in birth of an emperor's sons as the Ming Dynasty was the only Chinese dynasty to have the eldest surviving son succeed the throne in continuous fashion (though not for the Yongle, from whom all subsequent Ming emperors descend and Jingtai Emperors – both of whom usurped the throne; while the Jiajing – see above, and Chongzhen Emperors succeeded sonless brother), not unlike the Salic Law practised in some contemporary European monarchies (except that the eldest son by a non-principal consort was duly considered). After the fall of the dynasty in 1644 and the Chongzhen Emperor's suicide, a series of Ming princes based in the south of China claimed the imperial title, their court being known as the Southern Ming. These claimants are given with their era names, and the timespans of their purported reigns in brackets. Their purported periods of rule are given in brackets. In 1662, Koxinga regained control of Taiwan from the Dutch colonial regime, and established a state for those who wished restore the Ming dynasty to power. This state lasted until 1683, when it submitted to the Qing dynasty.

Legend:

- Ming dynasty emperors
- Southern Ming emperors

		Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋 1328–1398 Taizu 太祖 Hongwu 洪武 r.1368–1398



1	4			10	17	23

Zhu Biao 朱標 1355–1392 Xingzong 興宗	Zhu Di 朱棣 1360–1424 Chengzu 成祖 Yongle 永樂 r.1402–1424			Zhu Tan 朱檀 1370–1389 Prince Huang of Lu 魯荒王	Zhu Quan 朱權 1378–1448 Prince of Ning 寧王	Zhu Jing 朱桱 1388–1415 Prince Ding of Tang 唐定王



2	1			1

Zhu Yunwen 朱允炆 1377–1402? Huidi 惠帝 Jianwen 建文 r.1398–1402	Zhu Gaochi 朱高熾 1378–1425 Renzong 仁宗 Hongxi 洪熙 r.1424–1425			Zhu Zhaohui 朱肇�� 1388–1466 Prince Jing of Lu		Zhu Qiongda 朱瓊炟 d. 1475 Prince Xian of Tang 唐憲王



1	1		7	1

Zhu Wenkui 朱文奎 1396-?	Zhu Zhanji 朱瞻基 1399–1435 Xuanzong 宣宗 Xuande 宣德 r.1425–1435		Zhu Zhanyu 朱瞻墺 1409–1446 Prince Jing of Huai 淮靖王	Zhu Taikan 朱泰堪 1412–1473 Prince Hui of Lu 魯惠王		Zhu Zhizhi 朱芝址 d. 1485 Prince Zhuang of Tang 唐莊王



1	2			1

Zhu Qizhen 朱祁鎮 1427–1464 Yingzong 英宗 Zhengtong 正统 r.1435–1449 Tianshun 天順 r.1457–1464	Zhu Qiyu 朱祁鈺 1428–1457 Daizong 代宗 Jingtai 景泰 r.1449–1457		Zhu Qiquan 朱祁銓 1435–1502 Prince Kang of Huai 淮康王	Zhu Yangzhu 朱陽鑄 1448–1523 Prince Zhuāng of Lu 魯莊王		Zhu Miqian 朱彌鉗 Prince Gong of Tang 唐恭王



1				1

Zhu Jianshen 朱見深 1447–1487 Xianzong 憲宗 Chenghua 成化 r.1464–1487			Zhu Jiandian 朱見澱 ?–1502 Prince Duan of Huai 淮端王	Zhu Dangcong 朱當漎 1473–1505 Prince Huai of Lu 魯懷王		Zhu Yuwen 朱宇溫 d. 1560 Prince Jing of Tang 唐敬王



3	4			1

Zhu Youcheng 朱祐樘 1470–1505 Xiaozong 孝宗 Hongzhi 弘治 r.1487–1505	Zhu Youyuan 朱祐杬 1476–1519 Ruizong 睿宗		Zhu Youkui 朱祐楑 1500–1537 Prince Zhuang of Huai 淮莊王	Zhu Jianyi 朱健杙 1494–1520 Prince Dao of Lu 魯悼王		Zhu Zhouyong 朱宙栐 d.1564 Prince Shun of Tang 唐順王



1	2			1

Zhu Houzhao 朱厚照 1491–1521 Wuzong 武宗 Zhengde 正德 r.1505–1521	Zhu Houcong 朱厚熜 1507–1567 Shizong 世宗 Jiajing 嘉靖 r.1521–1567		Zhu Houchou 朱厚燽 1519–1563 Prince Xian of Huai 淮宪王	朱觀 WIKI

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