Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany
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| Ferdinand IV | |||||
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| Grand Duke of Tuscany | |||||
| Reign | 21 July 1859 – 22 March 1860 | ||||
| Predecessor | Leopold II | ||||
| Born | 10 June 1835 Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany | ||||
| Died | 17 January 1908 (aged 72) Salzburg, Austria-Hungary | ||||
| Spouse | |||||
| Issue Detail | Archduchess Maria Antonia Archduke Leopold Ferdinand Louise, Crown Princess of Saxony Archduke Josef Ferdinand Archduke Peter Ferdinand | ||||
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| House | Habsburg-Lorraine | ||||
| Father | Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany | ||||
| Mother | Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies | ||||
| Religion | Roman Catholicism | ||||
Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany (Italian: Ferdinando IV, Granduca di Toscana;[1] 10 June 1835 – 17 January 1908) was the last Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1859 to 1860.
Biography[]
Born at Florence, he was the son of Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies.
He and his family were forced to flee Florence on 27 April 1859, with the outbreak of a revolution inspired by the outbreak of a war by France and Sardinia-Piedmont against Austria as part of the unification of Italy. The family took refuge in Austria. After the end of the war, Leopold II abdicated on 21 July and Ferdinand succeeded him as Grand Duke. Ferdinand proved unable to return to Florence to claim his throne, and an elected Tuscan National Assembly formally deposed him only a month later, on 16 August. Ferdinand still hoped to recover his throne, as both France and Austria had promised to recognize his rights to it in the Armistice of Villafranca. However, neither power was willing to take any steps to bring about his restoration; Sardinia would annex Tuscany on 22 March 1860, and with Austria recognizing the new Kingdom of Italy after the Third War of Independence in 1866, Ferdinand's hopes to reclaim the throne were ended.
Subsequently Ferdinand and his family returned to the Imperial House of Austria. While Ferdinand was allowed to keep the grand ducal title as a courtesy and retain his status as grand master of all Tuscan orders of chivalry for his lifetime, his descendants could only bear the title of "Archduke/Archduchess of Austria"; the right to bear the title "Prince/ss of Tuscany" became restricted solely to family members born before 1866. In 1870 Ferdinand relinquished all dynastic rights to the defunct Grand Duchy for himself and his future heirs in favor of his second cousin, Emperor Franz Joseph I, effectively ending the House of Habsburg-Tuscany's status as a sovereign cadet branch.[2]
Ferdinand died in Salzburg in 1908, after spending the rest of his life in exile. Upon his death, his descendants were barred from using their Tuscan titles by Imperial decree.[3][4]
Family and children[]
He married twice and had issue:
From his first marriage in Dresden on 24 November 1856 to Princess Anna of Saxony, (Dresden, 4 January 1836 – Naples, 10 February 1859), daughter of King John I of Saxony, was born:
- Archduchess Maria Antonietta (Florence, 10 January 1858 – Cannes, 13 April 1883). She became Princess-Abbess of the Theresian Convent in the Hradschin in Prague.
From his second marriage in Frohsdorf on 11 January 1868 to Princess Alice "Alix" of Bourbon-Parma (Parma, 27 December 1849 – Schwertberg, 16 November 1935), daughter of Duke Charles III of Parma:
- Archduke Leopold Ferdinand (1868–1935). He renounced his titles on 29 December 1902 and took the name Leopold Wölfling. He married three times, without issue.
- Archduchess Louise (1870–1947). Married first King Frederick Augustus III of Saxony and after divorcing him married second Enrico Toselli and had issue by both marriages.
- Archduke Josef Ferdinand (1872–1942). He married, firstly, Rosa Kaltenbrunner and, after divorcing her married, secondly Gertrud Tomanek, by whom he had issue. Both marriages were morganatic.
- Archduke Peter Ferdinand, Prince of Tuscany (1874–1948). Married Princess Maria Cristina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, and had issue.
- Archduke Heinrich Ferdinand (1878–1969). A major general in the Austrian army, morganatically married Maria Karoline Ludescher, and had issue.
- Count Heinrich von Habsburg (1908-1968) married Helvig Schutte on 13 May 1939
- Count Ulrich von Habsburg (1941) married Friedericke von Klinkowstrom on 29 October 1964
- Count Eugen von Habsburg (1964) married Gabriele Wetsching on 27 May 1995
- Countess Julia von Habsburg (1999)
- Countess Sara von Habsburg (2003)
- Count Clemens von Habsburg (1967) married Gislinde Angerer on 12 October 1996
- Countess Anna-Lea von Habsburg (1996)
- Count Benedikt von Habsburg (2000)
- Count Philip von Habsburg (1968) married Bettina Drescher
- Countess Zoe von Habsburg (2004)
- Countess Ava von Habsburg (2007)
- Count Eugen von Habsburg (1964) married Gabriele Wetsching on 27 May 1995
- Countess Helvig von Habsburg (1942) married Baron Hans Jordis von Lohausen
- Count Christoph von Habsburg (1944) married Ebba von Mohrenschildt on 19 May 1973
- Count Dominik von Habsburg (1974) married Pia Rittinghausen on 17 February 2007
- Count Pius von Habsburg (2007)
- Count Hubertus von Habsburg (2009)
- Countess Maximiliana von Habsburg (2011)
- Count Maximilian von Habsburg (1975) married Michaela Bobner on 4 May 2001
- Count Tino von Habsburg (2000)
- Count Matheo von Habsburg (2003)
- Count Konstantin von Habsburg (1976) married Maria Antonia Gall on 7 May 2005
- Count Ferdinand von Habsburg (2008)
- Count Felix von Habsburg (2010)
- Count Ferdinand von Habsburg (1980) married Lisa Winter in 2015
- Countess Elmerice von Habsburg (1985) married Alexander Fairfax in May 2015
- Count Dominik von Habsburg (1974) married Pia Rittinghausen on 17 February 2007
- Count Ulrich von Habsburg (1941) married Friedericke von Klinkowstrom on 29 October 1964
- Count Othmar von Habsburg (1910-1988) married Helen Moster on 19 December 1944
- Countess Ulrike von Habsburg (1945) married Prince Luitpold of Liechtenstein on 22 November 1969 and has issue
- Countess Elisabeth von Habsburg (1948) married Stephen Schencker on 10 July 1971 and has issue
- Count Albrecht von Habsburg (1951) married Birgit Guttenberg on 18 July 1997
- Count Clemens von Habsburg (1995)
- Countess Veronika von Habsburg (1912-2001)
- Count Heinrich von Habsburg (1908-1968) married Helvig Schutte on 13 May 1939
- Archduchess Anna Maria (1879–1961). She married Johannes, Prince of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein; their granddaughter married Hans Veit, Count of Toerring-Jettenbach, son of Princess Elizabeth of Greece and Denmark.
- Archduchess Margareta Maria (1881–1965)
- Archduchess Germana Maria (1884–1955)
- Archduke Robert Ferdinand (1885–1895)
- Archduchess Agnes Maria (1891–1945)
Honours[]
He received the following awards:[5]
Austrian Empire:
Grand Duchy of Tuscany:
- Grand Cross of St. Joseph;[8] Grand Master, 21 July 1859
- Grand Master of the Military Order of St. Stephen, 21 July 1859
- Grand Master of the Order of Civil and Military Merit, 21 July 1859
Baden:[9]
- Knight of the House Order of Fidelity, 1886
- Knight of the Order of Berthold the First, 1886
Kingdom of Bavaria: Knight of St. Hubert, 1856[10]
Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold (civil), 24 September 1856[11]
Sovereign Military Order of Malta: Bailiff Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion, with Distinction for Jerusalem
Kingdom of Prussia: Knight of the Black Eagle, 26 January 1861[12]
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the White Falcon, 12 January 1864[13]
Kingdom of Saxony: Knight of the Rue Crown, 1856[14]
Württemberg: Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown, 1882[15]
Ancestry[]
| showAncestors of Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany |
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See also[]
- Risorgimento
Notes[]
- ^ Full name: Italian: Ferdinando Salvatore Maria Giuseppe Giovan Battista Francesco Luigi Gonzaga Raffaello Ranieri Gennaro, German: Ferdinand Salvator Maria Joseph Johann Baptist Franz Ludwig Gonzaga Raphael Rainerius Gennarius
- ^ Bernd Braun: Das Ende der Regionalmonarchien in Italien. Abdankungen im Zuge des Risorgimento. In: Susan Richter, Dirk Dirbach (Hrsg.): Thronverzicht. Die Abdankung in Monarchien vom Mittelalter bis in die Neuzeit. Böhlau Verlag, Köln, Weimar, Wien 2010, pp. 251-266
- ^ Prerogative dinastiche della casa granducale di lorena dopo la perdita del granducato di toscana (in Italian). Retrieved 8 October 2020.
- ^ Rivista Araldica, anno 1913, volume 11, pagina 381, Roma, Collegio Araldico: "Da informazione ufficiale assunta a Vienna togliamo quanto segue" A Sua Altezza IR il defunto Granduca Ferdinando IV di Toscana era stato permesso dall'Impero austro-ungarico e dagli Stati dell'Impero germanico, di conferire i tre Ordini toscani, inerenti alla Sovranità, che anche spodestato, rhyme all'Augusto principle fino alla sua morte. Il titolo di Principe di Toscana fu solo autorizzato ai membri della famiglia granducale nati prima del 1866. Dopo la morte del Granduca (1908) tutti gli augusti figli del defunto dovettero solemnly rinunciare ad ogni qualsiasi diritto di cui personalmente ed eccezionalmente godeva il padre. Quindi il Gran Magistero dell'Ordine di S. Stefano per voluntarily di SM l 'Imperatore e Re è terminato col defunto Granduca, born più sarebbe accettato dagli augusti Principi Lorenesi. "" (in Italian)
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie (1908), Genealogy p. 5
- ^ Boettger, T. F. "Chevaliers de la Toisón d'Or - Knights of the Golden Fleece". La Confrérie Amicale. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
- ^ "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Almanacco Toscano per l'anno 1855. Stamperia Granducale. 1840. p. 271.
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1896), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 63, 77
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Bayern (1906), "Königliche Orden" p. 7
- ^ "Liste des Membres de l'Ordre de Léopold", Almanach Royal Officiel (in French), 1857, p. 47 – via Archives de Bruxelles
- ^ "Schwarzer Adler-orden", Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (in German), 1, Berlin, 1886, p. 6
- ^ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1869), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 12
- ^ Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen: 1865/66. Heinrich. 1866. p. 4.
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1896), "Königliche Orden" p. 28
External links[]
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- 1835 births
- 1908 deaths
- House of Habsburg-Lorraine
- Austrian princes
- Nobility from Florence
- Grand Dukes of Tuscany
- Italian exiles
- Grand Masters of the Order of Saint Joseph
- Knights of the Order of Saint Joseph
- Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
- Knights of the Golden Fleece of Austria
- Knights of Malta