Free Peru

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Free Peru
Perú Libre
AbbreviationPL
LeaderPedro Castillo
General SecretaryVladimir Cerrón
Parliamentary spokesperson
Founded13 August 2008; 13 years ago (2008-08-13)
Registered15 January 2016; 6 years ago (2016-01-15)
HeadquartersHuancayo, Junín
Breña, Lima
Membership (2020)5,204
Ideology
Political positionLeft-wing to far-left
Regional affiliationSão Paulo Forum
Colours  Red
Slogan"¡No más pobres en un país rico!"[1]
("No more poor in a rich country!")
Congress
32 / 130
Governorships
1 / 25
Regional Councillors
9 / 274
Province Mayorships
5 / 196
District Mayorships
29 / 1,874
Party flag
Flag of Perú Libre.svg
Website
perulibre.pe

Free Peru, officially the Free Peru National Political Party (Spanish: Partido Político Nacional Perú Libre), is a Marxist political party in Peru. Founded in 2008 as the Free Peru Political Regional Movement, the party was officially constituted as a national organization in February 2012 by the name of Libertarian Peru. It was registered as a political party in January 2016 and adopted its current name, Free Peru, in January 2019.[2] Its presidential candidate Pedro Castillo won the 2021 Peruvian general election against Popular Force nominee Keiko Fujimori. Free Peru received its first seat in the Congress of Peru in the 2021 election, where it won the most seats of any party – 37 out of 130 total representatives – but its opposition continued to rule Congress after forming a larger alliance of seats lead by the Popular Action party.[3][4] Free Peru is a participant in the São Paulo Forum, an annual conference of leftist parties in the Americas.[5]

History[]

The party was founded in August 2008 by former Junín governor Vladimir Cerrón, who is serving a four-year and five-month prison sentence after being found responsible for crimes of incompatible negotiation and for taking advantage of his regional position to the detriment of the Peruvian State during the management of sanitation work in La Oroya, from 2011 to 2014. The Superior Court of Junín issued the sentence on 5 August 2019.[6] Cerrón had been elected in 2018 for a second non-consecutive term as governor, but his tenure was cut short due to the sentence. Still, he formally leads the party in his position of Secretary-General. Cerrón ran as a presidential candidate in the 2016 Peruvian general election, and registered his candidacy on 11 January 2016 but withdrew from the race two months later due to little support in his candidacy and also to prevent the party from losing its electoral registration.[7] In the 2018 regional and municipal elections, Cerrón took the businessman, journalist, and radio host Ricardo Belmont as a candidate for the Metropolitan Municipality of Lima, obtaining 3.89% of the votes validly cast in Lima.[8][9]

In the 2020 Peruvian parliamentary election held on 26 January, the party won 3.4% of the popular vote but no seats in the Congress of the Republic of Peru, as the party failed to reach the electoral threshold.[10][11] Months before the election, the party was in talks with the Together for Peru coalition and New Peru in order to run allied in the parliamentary election; however, due to Cerrón's criminal profile and many prominent New Peru members quitting their party as the union materialized, the alliance fell through and the parties ran separately in the election, in which neither achieved representation.[12][13] Their presidential nominee Pedro Castillo unexpectedly took the lead in the first round of the 2021 Peruvian general election after seeing a surprise surge in support starting around one month before the election. After his victory in the first electoral round, Castillo asked to dialogue with other Peruvian political forces in order to achieve political agreement;[14] however, he ruled out making a roadmap as Ollanta Humala did, maintaining ideological discourse.[15]

Ideology[]

The party describes itself as "a left-wing socialist organization" which supports anti-imperialism,[16] democracy, decentralization, federalism,[17][18] humanism, internationalism, Latin American integration,[19] and sovereignty.[16] The party claims to uphold the works of Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, and José Carlos Mariátegui.[16] Free Peru's political position has been variously described by observers as left-wing[20][21] to far-left,[22][23] and the party's ideology has been described as Marxist,[24][25][26] Marxist–Leninist,[27][28] and socialist.[29][30]

Both Vladimir Cerrón and Pedro Castillo have taken conservative stances on social issues,[31] including opposing same-sex marriage and abortion.[32]

Following his success in the first round of the 2021 presidential election, Castillo said that he opposes Chavismo and Nicolás Maduro, distanced himself from those on the far-left in the party,[33] would not nationalize industry, and would honor the rule of law to placate market alarmism,[34] adding that he would lead the party instead of Cerrón.[35]

Domestic[]

In domestic affairs, Free Peru is opposed to neoliberalism and states that their party seeks "to rescue the minimized, almost imperceptible and dying State from the subjugation of market dictatorship".[16] Free Peru says that when Peru adopted neoliberalism and markets were deregulated, foreign companies assumed control of the economy, exploitation of labor increased, inequality grew and the country was led "to a neocolony condition".[16] Initially, the nationalization of mines, gas, oil, hydroelectricity, and telecommunications in order to fund social programs was a goal of Free Peru;[36] however, in an attempt to appease foreign business interests, presidential candidate Pedro Castillo has promised that his government would not nationalize industry within Peru, but at the same time he reaffirmed his party's position of defending the distribution of wealth.[34]

Cerrón has expressed that Free Peru is opposed to Fujimorism.[36] While initially supportive of decriminalizing abortion, the party later came out in support of existing restrictions.[16]

International[]

Internationally, Cerrón has emphasized the party "defends revolutionary processes in the world, especially in Latin America: Cuba, Nicaragua, Ecuador, Venezuela and Bolivia".[36] Free Peru has shared praise for some of the policies of Fidel Castro and Hugo Chávez for their foreign policy and regional solidarity.[37] The party also opposes the Lima Group.[36]

During his candidacy for the 2021 presidential elections, Castillo defended the government of Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela, describing it as "a democratic government".[38][39] He would later retract his statements, stating that "[t]here is no Chavismo here", and saying of President Maduro "if there is something he has to say concerning Peru, that he first fix his internal problems".[34][40] The party has also described the Venezuelan refugee crisis as a human trafficking issue,[41] with Castillo saying that Venezuelans were in Peru "to commit crimes".[40]

Electoral history[]

Presidential[]

Election Candidate First round Second round Result
Votes % Votes %
2016 Vladimir Cerrón Withdrawn Lost Red XN
2021 Pedro Castillo 867,025 18.92 8,836,380 50.13 Won Green tickY

Congress of the Republic of Peru[]

Election Leader Votes % Seats +/– Rank Government
2020 Vladimir Cerrón 502,898 3.40
0 / 130
 13th Extra-parliamentary
2021 1,724,354 13.41
37 / 130
 Increase 37 Increase 1st Minority government

Regional and municipal elections[]

Year Regional governors Provincial mayors District mayors
Outcome Outcome Outcome
1 / 25
0 / 196
24 / 1,639
0 / 25
0 / 195
12 / 1,647
2018
1 / 25
5 / 196
29 / 1,678

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Arribas I., Guillermo (1 June 2021). "'No más pobres en un país rico'". Enfoque Derecho (in Spanish). Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
  2. ^ Aquino, Marco (10 June 2021). "Peru's Castillo Closes In On Victory In Presidential Election". Reuters. Retrieved 10 June 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ^ Aquino, Marco (26 July 2021). "Peru opposition to lead Congress in setback for socialist Castillo". Reuters. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  4. ^ "Radiografía del voto a nivel nacional en elección entre Castillo y Fujimori". Ojo Público. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  5. ^ "Foro de São Paulo Partidos". Forodesaopaulo.org. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  6. ^ "Junín: Vladimir Cerrón fue condenado a 4 años y 8 meses". TV Perú Noticias.
  7. ^ "Vladimir Cerrón desiste de participar en elecciones presidenciales". Agencia Peruana de Noticias (in Spanish). Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  8. ^ "Ricardo Belmont dice que aceptará los resultados electorales". Agencia Peruana de Noticias (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 May 2021.
  9. ^ "ONPE publica resultados de Lima al 100%". ONPE (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 May 2021.
  10. ^ "11 partidos pasarán la valla, al 99.09 % del conteo de ONPE". Agencia Peruana de Noticias.
  11. ^ PERÚ, Diario Oficial El Peruano. "Boca de urna: Estas serían las nuevas bancadas del Congreso". elperuano.pe.
  12. ^ PERÚ, Diario La República. "Marisa Glave e Indira Huilca renuncian a Nuevo Perú tras alianza de Verónica Mendoza". larepublica.pe.
  13. ^ PERÚ, RPP Noticias. "Richard Arce renuncia a Nuevo Perú ante una eventual alianza política con Perú Libre". rpp.pe.
  14. ^ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "Candidato más votado en Perú ofrece dialogar con otros partidos | DW | 14 April 2021". DW.COM (in European Spanish). Retrieved 11 May 2021.
  15. ^ GESTIÓN, NOTICIAS (14 April 2021). "Pedro Castillo descartó la posibilidad de una hoja de ruta para la segunda vuelta nndc | PERU". Gestión (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 May 2021.
  16. ^ a b c d e f "Ideario y Programo" (PDF). Perú Libre. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  17. ^ Redacción (1 April 2021). "Pedro Castillo de Perú Libre, el outsider en estas elecciones, fue el virtual ganador en el Debate Presidencial %". Aeronoticias.com.pe (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  18. ^ Redacción (30 March 2021). "Julián Palacin: Perú Libre defiende una Constitución Federal %". Aeronoticias.com.pe (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  19. ^ "FIDEL ALMA DE LA NACIÓN LATINOAMERICANA". Perú Libre (in Spanish). 1 July 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  20. ^ "Peru's Fujimori leads protest to annul votes as Castillo nears win". euronews. 12 June 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  21. ^ "Peru election: Pedro Castillo to face Keiko Fujimori in run-off". BBC News. 13 April 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  22. ^ Aquino, Marco; Rochabrun, Marcelo (30 July 2021). "Peru's Castillo names far-left PM; no finance minister in cabinet". Reuters. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  23. ^ "Peru election heads for a run-off as far-left candidate Pedro Castillo leads". NBC News. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  24. ^ "Pedro Castillo: The primary school teacher who became Peru's president". BBC News. 28 July 2021. Retrieved 31 July 2021. Casting himself as a man of the people, Mr Castillo was rarely seen without the traditional white, broad-rimmed hat of his Cajamarca region, and a huge inflatable pencil, the symbol of his Marxist Free Peru party which also represents his background in education.
  25. ^ "Peru president challenged by his own party over Cabinet". AP NEWS. 14 October 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  26. ^ "Havana-Trained Marxist Pushes Peru's New President to the Left". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 11 November 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  27. ^ Reuters (25 October 2021). "Peru's Congress postpones Cabinet confirmation vote to next week". Reuters. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  28. ^ "Peru confirms new moderate-left cabinet". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  29. ^ Rochabrun, Marcelo (10 November 2021). "Peru protesters block Las Bambas copper transport road again". Reuters. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  30. ^ Aquino, Marco (13 June 2021). "Peru's socialists cheer election win as conservatives pledge to fight on". Reuters. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  31. ^ Puente, Javier (14 April 2021). "Who is Peru's Frontrunner Pedro Castillo?". North American Congress on Latin America. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  32. ^ "Peru polarized by two social conservatives in presidential runoff". Public Radio International. Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  33. ^ "Castillo, de extrema izquierda, gana fuerza en las presidenciales de Perú". EFE (in Spanish). 8 April 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  34. ^ a b c "'No Chavismo here': Peru socialist candidate Castillo seeks to calm jittery markets". Reuters. 22 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  35. ^ "Pedro Castillo arremete contra Nicolás Maduro: "que primero arregle sus problemas internos y que se lleve a sus compatriotas que vinieron a delinquir"". Diario Expreso. 22 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  36. ^ a b c d Cerrón Rojas, Vladimir Roy. "DIFERENCIAS ENTRE PERÚ LIBRE, NUEVO PERÚ Y FRENTE AMPLIO". Perú Libre (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  37. ^ "Peru Stocks Tumble as Presidential Vote Spooks Investors". Bloomberg.com. 11 April 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  38. ^ "Pedro Castillo, el maestro con el que se identifica el otro Perú". France 24. 12 April 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  39. ^ "Pedro Castillo califica de "democrático" el Gobierno de Nicolás Maduro". Exitosa Noticias (in Spanish). 11 April 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  40. ^ a b "Candidato peruano marca distancia de gobierno de Venezuela". Associated Press. 22 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  41. ^ Puente, Javier (14 April 2021). "Who is Peru's Frontrunner Pedro Castillo?". North American Congress on Latin America. Retrieved 17 April 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

External links[]

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