Gdynia

Coordinates: 54°30′N 18°33′E / 54.500°N 18.550°E / 54.500; 18.550

Gdynia
Gdynia Sea Towers (top) and the Port of Gdynia (bottom)
Flag Coat of arms
Motto(s):  Uśmiechnij się, jesteś w Gdyni (Smile, you're in Gdynia)
Gdynia Gdynia Gdynia Show map of Pomeranian VoivodeshipShow map of PolandShow map of EuropeShow all
Coordinates: 54°30′N 18°32′E / 54.500°N 18.533°E / 54.500; 18.533
Country	Poland
Voivodeship	Pomeranian
County	city county
City rights	10 February 1926
Boroughs	22 districts
Government
• Mayor	Wojciech Szczurek
Area
• City	135 km2 (52 sq mi)
Highest elevation	205 m (673 ft)
Lowest elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Population  (31 December 2019)
• City	246,348 (12th)[1]
• Density	1,820/km2 (4,700/sq mi)
• Metro	1,080,700
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	81-004 to 81-919
Area code(s)	+48 58
Car plates	GA
Website	http://www.gdynia.pl

Gdynia (/ɡəˈdɪniə/ gə-DIN-ee-ə; Polish: [ˈɡdɨɲa] (listen); German: Gdingen (currently), Gotenhafen (1939-1945); Kashubian: Gdiniô) is a city in northern Poland and a seaport on the Baltic Sea coast. With a population of 246,348, it is the 12th-largest city in Poland and the second-largest in the Pomeranian Voivodeship after Gdańsk.^[1] Gdynia is part of a conurbation with the spa town of Sopot, the city of Gdańsk, and suburban communities, which together form a metropolitan area called the Tricity (Trójmiasto) with around 800,000 inhabitants.

Historically and culturally part of Kashubia and Eastern Pomerania, Gdynia for centuries remained a small fishing village. By the 20th-century it attracted visitors as a seaside resort town. In 1926 Gdynia was granted city rights, after which it enjoyed demographic and urban development, with a modernist cityscape. Until 1939 it was located in the narrow Polish Corridor, between the Free City of Danzig and Germany. Many of its residents were displaced or evicted during the Second World War. The post-war period saw an influx of settlers from Warsaw and other parts of the country as well as Poles from Vilnius and Lviv. The violent protests of December 1970 contributed to the rise of the Solidarity movement in nearby Gdańsk.

The port of Gdynia is a regular stopover on the cruising itinerary of luxury passenger ships and ferries travelling to Scandinavia. In 2013, Gdynia was ranked by readers of The News as Poland's best city to live in, and topped the national rankings in the category of "general quality of life".^[2]

History[]

The area of the later city of Gdynia shared its history with Pomerelia (Eastern Pomerania). In prehistoric times, it was the center of Oksywie culture; it was later populated by Slavs with some Baltic Prussian influences.

• Late 10th century: Pomerelia was united with Poland.^[3]
• During the reign of Mieszko II, Pomerelia seceded from Poland and became independent.
• 1116/1121: Bolesław III reunited Pomerelia with Poland.^[4]
• 1209: First mention of Oxhöft (now known as Oksywie, which is now a part of Gdynia).
• 1227: Pomerelia again became an independent Duchy.
• 1253: First known mention of the name "Gdynia", as a Pomeranian (Kashubian) fishing village. The first church on this part of the Baltic Sea coast was built there.
• 1294: Pomerelia was inherited by the future Polish king Przemysł II, and remained as part of Poland until –
• 1309–1310; The Teutonic Order conquered Pomerelia and added it to Prussia.
• 1380: The owner of the village which became Gdynia, Peter from Rusocin, gave the village to the Cistercian Order.
• 1382: Gdynia became property of the Cistercian abbey in Oliva, now Oliwa.
• 1454: Thirteen Years' War started.
• 1466: Thirteen Years' War ended. Pomerelia became part of Royal Prussia, a newly established province of the Kingdom of Poland,^[5] and later of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
• 1772: In the First Partition of Poland, Royal Prussia (including Gdynia) was annexed into the Kingdom of Prussia. Gdynia became known in German as Gdingen, and was expropriated from the Cistercian Order.
• 1789: There were only 21 houses in Gdynia. Around that time Gdynia (Gdingen) was so small that it was not marked on many maps of the period: it was about halfway from Oxhöft to Kleine Katz.
• 1870:
  • The Kingdom of Prussia became part of the German Empire.
  • The village of Gdingen had some 1,200 inhabitants. At the time it was not a poor fishing village as it is sometimes described; it had become a popular tourist spot with several guest houses, restaurants, cafés, several brick houses and a small harbour with a pier for small trading ships. The first Kashubian mayor of Gdingen was Jan Radtke.^[6]
• 1905: Gdingen shown on a big map, on the coast between Oxhöft and Zoppot.
• 1919: Treaty of Versailles and the start of the dismemberment of eastern Germany.
• 1920: Gdingen (now named Gdynia), along with other parts of former West Prussia, became a part of the new Republic of Poland (the so-called Polish Corridor). Simultaneously, the city of Danzig and surrounding area was declared a free city and put under the League of Nations, though Poland was given economic liberties and requisitioned for matters of foreign representation.

Construction of the seaport[]

The decision to build a major seaport at Gdynia village was made by the Polish government in winter 1920,^[7] in the midst of the Polish–Soviet War (1919–1920).^[8] The authorities and seaport workers of the Free City of Danzig felt Poland's economic rights in the city were being misappropriated to help fight the war. German dockworkers went on strike, refusing to unload shipments of military supplies sent from the West to aid the Polish army,^[8] and Poland realized the need for a port city it was in complete control of, economically and politically.^{[citation needed]}

Construction of Gdynia seaport started in 1921^[8] but, because of financial difficulties, it was conducted slowly and with interruptions. It was accelerated after the Sejm (Polish parliament) passed the Gdynia Seaport Construction Act on 23 September 1922. By 1923 a 550-metre pier, 175 metres (574 feet) of a wooden tide breaker, and a small harbour had been constructed. Ceremonial inauguration of Gdynia as a temporary military port and fishers' shelter took place on 23 April 1923. The first major seagoing ship arrived on 13 August 1923.^{[citation needed]}

To speed up the construction works, the Polish government in November 1924 signed a contract with the French-Polish Consortium for Gdynia Seaport Construction. By the end of 1925, they had built a small seven-metre-deep harbour, the south pier, part of the north pier, a railway, and had ordered the trans-shipment equipment. The works were going more slowly than expected, however. They accelerated only after May 1926, because of an increase in Polish exports by sea, economic prosperity, the outbreak of the German–Polish trade war which reverted most Polish international trade to sea routes, and thanks to the personal engagement of Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski, Polish Minister of Industry and Trade (also responsible for the construction of Centralny Okręg Przemysłowy). By the end of 1930 docks, piers, breakwaters, and many auxiliary and industrial installations were constructed (such as depots, trans-shipment equipment, and a rice processing factory) or started (such as a large cold store).^{[citation needed]}

Trans-shipments rose from 10,000 tons (1924) to 2,923,000 tons (1929). At this time Gdynia was the only transit and special seaport designed for coal exports.^{[citation needed]}

In the years 1931–1939 Gdynia harbour was further extended to become a universal seaport. In 1938 Gdynia was the largest and most modern seaport on the Baltic Sea, as well as the tenth biggest in Europe. The trans-shipments rose to 8.7 million tons, which was 46% of Polish foreign trade. In 1938 the Gdynia shipyard started to build its first full-sea ship, the Olza.^{[citation needed]}

Construction of the city[]

The city was constructed later than the seaport. In 1925 a special committee was inaugurated to build the city; city expansion plans were designed and city rights were granted in 1926, and tax privileges were granted for investors in 1927. The city started to grow significantly after 1928.

A new railway station and the Post Office were completed. The State railways extended their lines, built bridges and also constructed a group of houses for their employees. Within a few years houses were built along some 10 miles (16 km) of road leading northward from the Free City of Danzig to Gdynia and beyond. Public institutions and private employers helped their staff to build houses.
In 1933 a plan of development providing for a population of 250,000 was worked out by a special commission appointed by a government committee, in collaboration with the municipal authorities. By 1939 the population had grown to over 120,000.^[9]

• 

  Plac Kaszubski - one of the main squares in the city

• 

  Main regional courthouse dating back to 1936

• 

  Piłsudski Avenue with modernist buildings

• 

  The Port of Gdynia, initially constructed in the 1920s

• 

  Headquarters of the Polish Navy

Gdynia during World War II (1939–1945)[]

The city and seaport were occupied in September 1939 by German troops and renamed Gotenhafen after the Goths, an ancient Germanic tribe, who had lived in the area. Some 50,000 Polish citizens, who after 1920 had been brought into the area by the Polish government after the decision to enlarge the harbour was made, were expelled to the General Government. Kashubians who were suspected to support the Polish cause, particularly those with higher education, were arrested and executed. The main place of execution was Piaśnica (Groß Plaßnitz), where about 12,000 were executed. The German gauleiter Albert Forster considered Kashubians of "low value" and did not support any attempts to create a Kashubian nationality. Some Kashubians organized anti-Nazi resistance groups, "Gryf Kaszubski" (later "Gryf Pomorski"), and the exiled "Zwiazek Pomorski" in Great Britain.

The harbour was transformed into a German naval base. The shipyard was expanded in 1940 and became a branch of the Kiel shipyard (Deutsche Werke Kiel A.G.). Gotenhafen became an important base, due to its being relatively distant from the war theater, and many German large ships—battleships and heavy cruisers—were anchored there. During 1942, Dr Joseph Goebbels authorized relocation of Cap Arcona to Gotenhafen Harbour as a stand-in for RMS Titanic during filming of the German-produced movie Titanic, directed by Herbert Selpin.

The city was also the location of the Nazi Gotenhafen subcamp of the Stutthof concentration camp.

The seaport and the shipyard both witnessed several air raids by the Allies from 1943 onwards, but suffered little damage. Gotenhafen was used during winter 1944–45 to evacuate German troops and refugees trapped by the Red Army. Some of the ships were hit by torpedoes from Soviet submarines in the Baltic Sea on the route west. The ship Wilhelm Gustloff sank, taking about 9,400 people with her – the worst loss of life in a single sinking in maritime history. The seaport area was largely destroyed by withdrawing German troops and millions of encircled refugees in 1945 being bombarded by the Soviet military (90% of the buildings and equipment were destroyed) and the harbour entrance was blocked by the German battleship Gneisenau that had been brought to Gotenhafen for major repairs.

After World War II[]

On 28 March 1945, Gotenhafen was captured by the Soviets and assigned to Polish Gdańsk Voivodeship, who again renamed it Gdynia.^[7]

In the Polish 1970 protests, worker demonstrations took place at Gdynia Shipyard. Workers were fired upon by the police. The fallen (e.g. ) became symbolized by a fictitious worker Janek Wiśniewski, commemorated in a song by , Pieśń o Janku z Gdyni. One of Gdynia's important streets is named after Janek Wiśniewski. The same person was portrayed by Andrzej Wajda in his movie Man of Iron as Mateusz Birkut.

On 4 December 1999, a storm destroyed a huge crane in a shipyard, which was able to lift 900 tons.

Geography[]

Population and area[]

Year	Inhabitants	Area
1870	1,200
1920	1,300
1926	12,000	6 km2
1939	127,000	66 km2
1945	70,000	66 km2
1960	150,200	73 km2
1970	191,500	75 km2
1975	221,100	134 km2
1980	236,400	134 km2
1990	251,500	136 km2
1994	252,000	136 km2
1995	251,400	136 km2
2000	255,420	135.49 square kilometres (52.31 sq mi) (after GUS – Central Statistical Office in Warsaw)
2009	248,889	136,72 km2

Climate[]

The climate of Gdynia is an oceanic climate owing to its position of the Baltic Sea, which moderates the temperatures, compared to the interior of Poland. The climate is cool throughout the year and there is a somewhat uniform precipitation throughout the year. Typical of Northern Europe, there is little sunshine during the year.

Districts[]

Gdynia is divided into smaller divisions: dzielnicas and osiedles. Gdynia's dzielnicas include: Babie Doły, Chwarzno-Wiczlino, Chylonia, Cisowa, Dąbrowa, Działki Leśne, Grabówek, Kamienna Góra, Karwiny, Leszczynki, Mały Kack, Obłuże, Oksywie, Orłowo, Pogórze, Pustki Cisowskie-Demptowo, Redłowo, Śródmieście, Wielki Kack, Witomino-Leśniczówka, Witomino-Radiostacja, Wzgórze Św. Maksymiliana .

Osiedles: Bernadowo, Brzozowa Góra, Chwarzno, Dąbrówka, Demptowo, Dębowa Góra, Fikakowo, Gołębiewo, Kacze Buki, Kolibki, Kolonia Chwaszczyno, Kolonia Rybacka, Krykulec, Marszewo, Międzytorze, Niemotowo, Osada Kolejowa, Osada Rybacka, Osiedle Bernadowo, Port, Pustki Cisowskie, Tasza, Wiczlino, Wielka Rola, Witomino, Wysoka, Zielenisz.

Sights and tourist attractions[]

Gdynia is a relatively modern city.^{[11][failed verification]} Its architecture includes the 13th century St. Michael the Archangel's Church in Oksywie, the oldest building in Gdynia, and the 17th century neo-Gothic manor house located on Folwarczna Street in Orłowo. The city also holds many examples of early 20th-century architecture, especially monumentalism and early functionalism, and modernism.^[12] A good example of modernism is PLO building situated at 10 Lutego Street.

The surrounding hills and the coastline attract many nature lovers. A leisure pier and a cliff-like coastline in Kępa Redłowska, as well as the surrounding Nature Reserve, are also popular locations. In the harbour, there are two anchored museum ships, the destroyer ORP Błyskawica and the tall ship frigate Dar Pomorza.^[13] A 1.5-kilometre (0.93 mi)-long promenade leads from the marina in the city center, to the beach in Redłowo.^[14]

Most of Gdynia can be seen from Kamienna Góra^[15] (54 metres (177 feet) asl) or the viewing point near Chwaszczyno. There are also two viewing towers, one at Góra Donas, the other at Kolibki.

In 2015 the Emigration Museum opened in the city.

Culture[]

Gdynia hosts the Gdynia Film Festival, the main Polish film festival. The International Random Film Festival was hosted in Gdynia in November 2014. Since 2003 Gdynia has been hosting the Open'er Festival, one of the biggest contemporary music festivals in Europe. The festival welcomes many foreign hip-hop, rock and electronic music artists every year. In record-high 2018 it was attended by over 140,000 people, who enjoyed the lineup headlined by Bruno Mars, Gorillaz, Arctic Monkeys and Depeche Mode.^[16] Another important summer event in Gdynia is the Viva Beach Party, which is a large two-day techno party made on Gdynia's Public Beach and a summer-welcoming concerts CudaWianki. Gdynia also hosts events for the annual Gdańsk Shakespeare Festival.
In the summer of 2014 Gdynia hosted Red Bull Air Race World Championship.

Cultural references[]

In 2008, Gdynia made it onto the Monopoly Here and Now World Edition board after being voted by fans through the Internet. Gdynia occupies the space traditionally held by Mediterranean Avenue, being the lowest voted city to make it onto the Monopoly Here and Now board, but also the smallest city to make it in the game. All of the other cities are large and widely known ones, the second smallest being Riga. The unexpected success of Gdynia can be attributed to a mobilization of the town's population to vote for it on the Internet.

An abandoned factory district in Gdynia was the scene for the survival series Man vs Wild, season 6, episode 12. The host, Bear Grylls, manages to escape the district after blowing up a door and crawling through miles of sewer.

Ernst Stavro Blofeld, the supervillain in the James Bond novels, was born in Gdynia on 28 May 1908, according to Thunderball.

Gdynia is sometimes called "Polish Roswell" due to the alleged UFO crash on 21 January 1959.^{[17][18][19][20][21][22]}

Notable people[]

• Stanisław Baranowski (1935–1978) a Polish glaciologist, undertook scientific expeditions to Spitsbergen and Antarctica.
• Karol Olgierd Borchardt (1905–1986) a Polish writer and captain of the Polish Merchant Marine
• Krzysztof Charamsa (born 1972) a Polish former Catholic theologian and author
• Adam Darski (born 1977) a Polish musician and TV personality, frontman for the blackened death metal band Behemoth
• Rafał de Weryha-Wysoczański (born 1975) a Polish art historian, genealogist and writer
• Jacek Fedorowicz (born 1937), Polish satirist and actor
• Eugeniusz Geno Małkowski (1942–2016) a Polish painter
• Gunnar Heinsohn (born 1943) a German author, sociologist and economist
• Klaus Hurrelmann (born 1944) Professor of Public Health and Education
• Hilary Jastak (1914–2000 in Gdynia) a Polish Catholic priest, Doctor of Theology, Chaplain of Solidarity movement, Major of Polish Armed Forces, Lieutenant Commander of Polish Navy
• Janusz Kaczmarek (born 1961) a Polish lawyer, prosecutor and politician
• Marcin Kupinski (born 1983) a Polish ballet dancer
• Tomasz Makowiecki (born 1983) a Polish musician, singer and songwriter
• Dorota Nieznalska (born 1973) a Polish visual artist and sculptor
• Kazimierz Ostrowski (1917–1999 in Gdynia) Polish painter
• Anna Przybylska (1978–2014) a Polish actress and model
• Zvi Aryeh Rosenfeld (1922–1978), Polish-American rabbi and educator
• Jerzy Rubach (born 1948) a Polish and American linguist who specializes in phonology
• Arkadiusz Rybicki (1953–2010) a Polish politician, active in the Solidarity movement
• Joanna Senyszyn (born 1949) a Polish left-wing politician, vice-president of the Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) and MEP
• Anna Siewierska (1955-2011) a Polish-born linguist, specialist in language typology
• Wojciech Szczurek (born 1963) Mayor of the City of Gdynia since 1998
• Józef Unrug (1884–1973), German-born Polish vice admiral who helped create the Polish navy
• Marian Zacharski (born 1951) a Polish Intelligence officer convicted of espionage
• Marek Żukowski (born 1952) a Polish theoretical physicist, specializes in quantum mechanics

Sport[]

• Jörg Berger (1944–2010), German soccer player, trainer
• Adelajda Mroske (1944–1975) a Polish speed skater, she competed in four events at the 1964 Winter Olympics
• Ryszard Marczak (born 1945) a former long-distance runner from Poland, competed in the marathon at the 1980 Summer Olympics
• Józef Błaszczyk (born 1947) a sailor from Poland, competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics
• Andrzej Chudziński (1948–1995) a Polish swimmer, competed in three events at the 1972 Summer Olympics
• Anna Sobczak (born 1967) a Polish fencer, competed in the women's individual and team foil events at the 1988 and 1992 Summer Olympics
• Tomasz Sokołowski (born 1970) a former Polish footballer, over 350 pro games and 12 for Poland
• Jarosław Rodzewicz (born 1973) a Polish fencer, won a silver medal in the team foil event at the 1996 Summer Olympics
• Marcin Mięciel (born 1975), soccer player, over 500 pro games
• Michael Klim (born 1977), Polish-born Australian swimmer, Olympic gold medallist and world champion
• Anna Rybicka (born 1977) a Polish fencer, she won a silver medal in the women's team foil event at the 2000 Summer Olympics
• Andrzej Bledzewski (born 1977) a Polish retired football goalkeeper, over 400 pro games
• Tomasz Dawidowski (born 1978) a Polish footballer, over 200 pro games and 10 for Poland
• Maciej Grabowski (born 1978) is a Polish laser class sailor, competed in the 2000, 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics
• Adriana Dadci (born 1979) a Polish judoka, competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics
• Stefan Liv (1980–2011) a Polish-born Swedish professional ice hockey goaltender
• Monika Pyrek (born 1980) a retired Polish pole vaulter, competed at the 2000, 2004 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics
• Anna Rogowska (born 1981) pole vaulter, the bronze medallist at the 2004 Summer Olympics
• Michał Zych (born 1982) a Polish ice dancer
• Karolina Chlewińska (born 1983) a Polish foil fencer, competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics
• Igor Janik (born 1983) a javelin thrower, competed in the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics
• Klaudia Jans-Ignacik (born 1984) a retired Polish tennis player, competed in the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics
• Piotr Hallmann (born 1987) a Polish mixed martial artist, second lieutenant in the Polish Navy
• Joanna Mitrosz (born 1988) a Polish rhythmic gymnast, competed at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics
• Małgorzata Białecka (born 1988) a Polish windsurfer, competed at 2016 Summer Olympics
• Olek Czyż (born 1990) a Polish professional basketball player, played for Poland
• Justyna Plutowska (born 1991) a Polish ice dancer

Fictional characters[]

• Ernst Stavro Blofeld (born 28 May 1908 in Gdingen) a fictional character and villain from the James Bond series of novels and films, created by Ian Fleming

Sports[]

Sport teams

• Arka Gdynia – men's football team (Polish Cup winner 1979 and 2017, Polish SuperCup winner in 2017 and in 2018. Currently plays in the first division of Polish football, the Ekstraklasa)
• Bałtyk Gdynia – men's football team, currently playing in Polish 4th division
• Arka Gdynia (basketball) – men's basketball team (9 time Polish Basketball League winner)
• Arka Gdynia (women's basketball) – women's basketball team (12-time Basket Liga Kobiet champion)
• RC Arka Gdynia – rugby team (Champions of Poland in seasons 2003/2004, 2004/2005 and 2010/2011) ^[23]
• Seahawks Gdynia – American football team (Polish American Football League) (4-time champion of Poland in 2012, 2014 and in 2015)
• Arka Gdynia (handball) – handball team which plays in Ekstraliga (First division of Polish handball)

International events[]

• 2017 UEFA European Under-21 Championship
• 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup
• 2020 World Athletics Half Marathon Championships

Economy and infrastructure[]

This section needs expansion. You can help by . (April 2010)

Notable companies that have their headquarters or regional offices in Gdynia:

• PROKOM SA – the largest Polish I.T. company
• – one of the largest Polish freight forwarders
• Sony Pictures – finance center
• Thomson Reuters – business data provider
• – bridge constructions, offshore and shipbuilding markets; partially located on old Stocznia Gdynia terrains
• – ship repair yard; partially located on old Stocznia Gdynia terrains
• – shipbuilding, offshore constructions, steel structures, sea engineering, civil engineering; located on old Stocznia Gdynia terrains

Former:

• Stocznia Gdynia – former largest Polish shipyard, now under bankruptcy procedures
• Nordea – banks, sold and consolidated with PKO bank

Transport[]

Port of Gdynia[]

In 2007, 364,202 passengers, 17,025,000 tons of cargo and 614,373 TEU containers passed through the port. Regular car ferry service operates between Gdynia and Karlskrona, Sweden.

Airport[]

The conurbation's main airport, Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport, lays approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) south-west of central Gdynia, and has connections to approximately 55 destinations. It is the third largest airport in Poland.^[24] A second General Aviation terminal was scheduled to be opened by May 2012, which will increase the airport's capacity to 5mln passengers per year.

Another local airport, (Gdynia-Kosakowo Airport) is situated partly in the village of Kosakowo, just to the north of the city, and partly in Gdynia. This has been a military airport since the World War II, but it has been decided in 2006 that the airport will be used to serve civilians.^[25] Work was well in progress and was due to be ready for 2012 when the project collapsed following a February 2014 EU decision regarding Gdynia city funding as constituting unfair competition to Gdańsk airport. In March 2014, the airport management company filed for bankruptcy, this being formally announced in May that year. The fate of some PLN 100 million of public funds from Gdynia remain unaccounted for with documents not being released, despite repeated requests for such from residents to the city president, Wojciech Szczurek.

Road transport[]

Trasa Kwiatkowskiego links Port of Gdynia and the city with Obwodnica Trójmiejska, and therefore A1 motorway. National road 6 connects Tricity with Słupsk, Koszalin and Szczecin agglomeration.

Railways[]

The principal station in Gdynia is Gdynia Główna railway station, and Gdynia has five other railway stations. Local services are provided by the 'Fast Urban Railway,' Szybka Kolej Miejska (Tricity) operating frequent trains covering the Tricity area including Gdańsk, Sopot and Gdynia. Long-distance trains from Warsaw via Gdańsk terminate at Gdynia, and there are direct trains to Szczecin, Poznań, Katowice, Lublin and other major cities. In 2011-2015 the Warsaw-Gdańsk-Gdynia route is undergoing a major upgrading costing $3 billion, partly funded by the European Investment Bank, including track replacement, realignment of curves and relocation of sections of track to allow speeds up to 200 km/h (124 mph), modernization of stations, and installation of the most modern ETCS signalling system, which is to be completed in June 2015. In December 2014 new Alstom Pendolino high-speed trains were put into service between Gdynia, Warsaw and Kraków reducing rail travel times to Gdynia by 2 hours.^[26][27]

Education[]

There are currently 8 universities and institutions of higher education based in Gdynia. Many students from Gdynia also attend universities located in the Tricity.

• State-owned:
  • Gdynia Maritime University
  • Polish Naval Academy
• Privately owned:
  • WSB Universities - ,^[28] departments of Economics and Management
  • Academy of International Economic and Political Relations
  • University of Business and Administration in Gdynia
  • Pomeranian Higher School of Humanities
  • Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University – a department in Gdynia
  • Higher School of Social Communication

Twin towns – sister cities[]

Gdynia is twinned with:^[29]

See also[]

• Gdynia trolleybus
• Ports of the Baltic Sea
• St. Anthony parish, Gdynia

References[]

Further reading[]

• (ed.) R. Wapiński, Dzieje Gdyni, Gdańsk 1980
• (ed.). S. Gierszewski, Gdynia, Gdańsk 1968
• Gdynia, in: Pomorze Gdańskie, nr 5, Gdańsk 1968
• J. Borowik, Gdynia, port Rzeczypospolitej, Toruń 1934
• B. Kasprowicz, Problemy ekonomiczne budowy i eksploatacji portu w Gdyni w latach 1920–1939, Zapiski Historyczne, nr 1-3/1956
• M. Widernik, Główne problemy gospodarczo-społeczne miasta Gdyni w latach 1926–1939., Gdańsk 1970
• (ed.) A. Bukowski, Gdynia. Sylwetki ludzi, oświata i nauka, literatura i kultura, Gdańsk 1979
• Gminy województwa gdańskiego, Gdańsk 1995
• H. Górnowicz, Z. Brocki, Nazwy miast Pomorza Gdańskiego, Wrocław 1978
• Gerard Labuda (ed.), Historia Pomorza, vol. I-IV, Poznań 1969–2003
• (ed.) W. Odyniec, Dzieje Pomorza Nadwiślańskiego od VII wieku do 1945 roku, Gdańsk 1978
• L. Bądkowski, Pomorska myśl polityczna, Gdańsk 1990
• L. Bądkowski, W. Samp, Poczet książąt Pomorza Gdańskiego, Gdańsk 1974
• B. Śliwiński, Poczet książąt gdańskich, Gdańsk 1997
• Józef Spors, Podziały administracyjne Pomorza Gdańskiego i Sławieńsko-Słupskiego od XII do początków XIV w, Słupsk 1983
• M. Latoszek, Pomorze. Zagadnienia etniczno-regionalne, Gdańsk 1996
• B. Bojarska, Eksterminacja inteligencji polskiej na Pomorzu Gdańskim (wrzesień-grudzień 1939), Poznań 1972
• K. Ciechanowski, Ruch oporu na Pomorzu Gdańskim 1939–1945., Warszawa 1972

External links[]

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Gdynia.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gdynia.

• Gdynia Port - Home for all Polish Ocean Liners
• Gdynia city website
• Virtual tour on Gdynia's coast
• Gdynia tourist guide
• Gdynia Tripadvisor