HNK Rijeka
Full name | Hrvatski nogometni klub Rijeka (Croatian Football Club Rijeka) | ||
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Nickname(s) | Riječki bijeli (Rijeka's Whites) | ||
Short name | RIJ, RJK | ||
Founded | 25 December 1906 (as Club Sportivo Olimpia) | ||
Ground | Stadion Rujevica | ||
Capacity | 8,279[1] | ||
Owner | Damir Mišković, via Teanna Limited (70%) City of Rijeka (30%) | ||
President | Damir Mišković | ||
Head coach | Goran Tomić | ||
League | Prva HNL | ||
2020–21 | Prva HNL, 3rd | ||
Website | Club website | ||
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Hrvatski nogometni klub Rijeka (English: Croatian Football Club Rijeka), commonly referred to as HNK Rijeka or simply Rijeka, is a Croatian professional football club from the city of Rijeka.
HNK Rijeka compete in Croatia's top division, HT Prva liga, of which they have been members since its foundation in 1992. During the reconstruction of Stadion Kantrida, their traditional home ground has been Stadion Rujevica. Rijeka's traditional home colours are all white.
The club was founded in 1906 as Club Sportivo Olimpia, and following the tumultuous political changes that swept the border city of Rijeka in the following decades, it changed it's name in U.S. Fiumana in 1926, Sportsko Društvo Kvarner / Società Sportiva Quarnero in 1946, NK Rijeka in 1954 and finally HNK Rijeka in 1995.[2][3] Rijeka is the third-most successful Croatian football club, having won one Croatian First League title, two Yugoslav Cups, six Croatian Cups, one Croatian Super Cup and the 1977–78 Balkans Cup.
History[]
1906–1926[]
Club Sportivo Olimpia was founded in 1904, by the Mitrovic brothers, Carlo Colussi, Antonio Marchich, Aristodemo Susmel and Agesilao Satti, when the city of Rijeka was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire as a Corpus Separatum of the Hungarian Crown. The club started initially operating with dedicated sections for swimming, cycling, athletics and boxing. It did not immediately have a football section, which will hold its first session on November 25, 1906. This date is thus considered the official beginning of HNK Rijeka.[4] Olimpia will be joined in the following years by several other football clubs based in the city. Among them will soon rise Club Sportivo Gloria, which was founded on January the 17th 1917 by the working classes of the industry-rich port city. Olimpia, renamed Olympia after 1918, and Gloria soon became the city’s arch-rivals, the former as a representative of the wealthier strata of society and the latter as the representative of the working class.
1926–1945[]
On September 2, 1926, following Mussolini's reforms of the FIGC, and the 1924 putsch by fascists which brought to the annexation of the independent Free State of Fiume by fascist Italy, the two main city clubs decided to merge into the football club Unione Sportiva Fiumana, which was meant to represent better the city as a whole at future tournaments. Pietro Pasquali was picked as the first president of the club. Two years later, Fiumana played in the Italian Serie A, thanks to which the biggest Italian clubs such as Inter (then called Ambrosiano), Juventus and Napoli were guests at the Cantrida stadium. At the opening of the refurbished Cantrida (back then called Borgomarina) in 1935, Fiumana hosted Roma, and in June 1941, Fiumana became the champion of the recently created Italian Serie C. Serie C's last season before the fall of fascist Italy saw Fiumana reach the third place. Championships in this part of Europe will be paused until 1946, but worth mentioning is a last honorary game between the most legendary players of Olympia and Gloria held on June the 15th 1944, held while allied planes were bombing the city's sorroundings.
1945–1991[]
Following the liberation of the city from the Nazis and the subsequent occupation by Yugoslav troops, and due to the uncertain future status of the city at the Paris peace conference, Fiume (now also known as Rijeka, by its Croatian name) will field a local team with its best players to play several games against notable teams of the newly constituted Yugoslav state. The then called "Reprezentacija Rijeke" meets for the first time its future Balkan rivals, beating Dinamo Zagreb 4-2, Akademičar Zagreb 7-2 and Metalac Beograd 2-0. In the interim post-war year until the first edition of the Yugoslav First League the communist authorities set up a local league named after Fiumana's late captain Giovanni Maras, who died in a partisan action on the nearby Mount Risnjak. Despite Maras and most of his colleagues' partisan allegiance, U.S. Fiumana came to be considered an unacceptable symbol of the previous regime by the new authorities. They thus decided to establish a new identity for the club and created Società Sportiva Quarnero / Sportsko Društvo Kvarner on July the 29th 1946. The initial idea came from Ettori Mazzieri, local sport commissioner, and Luigi Sošić became the first SD Kvarner president. Until 1948, when it was transformed in a football-only club, SD Kvarner/Quarnero had 12 different sport sections, with excellencies in boxing, fencing, basketball and tennis. The international tennis champion Orlando Sirola started his career in the club. During the early period in Yugoslavia, Kvarner had moderate success in various Yugoslav and local club championships. They were relegated at the end of their inaugural season in the Yugoslav First League in 1946–47. Following the Italian-Yugoslav tensions that arose during the Trieste Crisis, and the consequent de facto abolition of the city's full bilingual rights by the communist authorities in Belgrade, the club changes its name to NK Rijeka (Football Club Rijeka) on 2 July 1954. Rijeka returned to the First League in 1958[3] and remained in the top tier for 11 consecutive seasons until 1969, when it got once again relegated to the Yugoslav Second League.[3] Despite finishing on top in four (out of five) seasons in the second tier, due to three failed qualifying attempts, the club only gained promotion back to the top tier in 1974. With varying success, Rijeka remained in top tier until the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991.[3] The club's greatest success during this period involved back-to-back Yugoslav Cup titles in 1978 and 1979. Rijeka were also a Cup runner-up in 1987, when they lost the final after a penalty shoot-out.[5] Rijeka never finished higher than the fourth place in the Yugoslav First League. In 1984, the club came closest to their first championship title, finishing only two points behind Red Star Belgrade. Rijeka were also the best placed Croatian club in the Yugoslav First League in 1965, 1984 and 1987.[6]
Rijeka in the 1. HNL[]
Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, in 1992 Rijeka joined the Croatian First Football League in its inaugural season. In 1995 the club changes one final time its name to HNK Rijeka, adding the prefix "Croatian" to its name, something done by most clubs in the new Republic of Croatia in the aftermath of the Croatian War for Independence. Rijeka remains one of only four founding member clubs of the HNL to never have been relegated. In terms of greatest successes in this period, the club won its first-ever league title in 2017, ending Dinamo Zagreb's run of 11 successive titles.[7] Rijeka has also won six Croatian Cups, including back-to-back titles in 2005 and 2006, in 2014, in 2017, which helped them secure the historic Double, and most recently in 2019 and 2020.[8] In the final round of the 1998–99 season, a refereeing error denied Rijeka their first championship title. With one match to play, Rijeka were one point ahead of Croatia Zagreb, needing a home win against Osijek to secure the title. With the match tied at 1–1, in the 89th minute, Rijeka forward Admir Hasančić converted a cross by Barnabás Sztipánovics. However, moments later, assistant referee Krečak raised his flag and referee Šupraha disallowed Rijeka's winning goal for an alleged offside.[9] Following an investigation, 3D analysis revealed Hasančić was not, in fact, in an offside position, and that Rijeka were wrongfully denied their first championship title.[10][11] An investigation by Nacional revealed Franjo Tuđman, the president of the Republic of Croatia and an ardent Croatia Zagreb supporter, earlier in 1999 ordered the country's intelligence agencies to spy on football referees, officials and journalists, with the aim of ensuring the Zagreb club wins the league title.[11]
Europe[]
Rijeka participated in UEFA competitions on 21 occasions, including nine consecutive appearances since 2013–14. The greatest success was the quarter-final of the 1979–80 European Cup Winners' Cup, where they lost to Italian giants Juventus 2–0 on aggregate.[12] The most memorable result in Europe was the home win (3–1) against eventual winners Real Madrid in the 1984–85 UEFA Cup.[13] Controversially, in the return leg at Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, which Rijeka lost 3–0, three of their players were sent off. Madrid scored their first goal from a doubtful penalty in the 67th minute with Rijeka already down to ten men. Over the next ten minutes, two additional Rijeka players were sent off, most notably Damir Desnica. While Desnica received the first yellow card because he did not stop play after Schoeters blew his whistle, the second yellow was issued because he allegedly insulted the referee. However, unbeknownst to the referee, Desnica had been a deaf-mute since birth.[6] With Rijeka reduced to eight players, Madrid scored two additional goals, progressed to the next round and eventually won the trophy.
In 2013, after winning 4–3 on aggregate against VfB Stuttgart, Rijeka qualified for the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League group stage.[14][15] Rijeka also participated in the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League group stage, where they defeated Feyenoord and Standard Liège and drew with title-holders and eventual winners Sevilla.[16][17][18] In 2017, Rijeka reached the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League play-off, where they lost 3–1 on aggregate to Greek champions Olympiacos, and automatically qualified for the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League group stage. In the group stage they recorded a famous home win (2–0) against AC Milan but once again failed to progress to the knockout stages.[19]
Private ownership[]
In February 2012, Gabriele Volpi – an Italian businessman and the founder of Orlean Invest, as well as the owner of football club Spezia and water polo club Pro Recco – injected much needed capital into the club. With the privatization process complete by September 2013, Volpi, through Dutch-based Stichting Social Sport Foundation, became the owner of 70% of the club, with the City of Rijeka in control of the remaining 30%.[20][21] On 29 December 2017 it was announced that chairman Damir Mišković, through London-based Teanna Limited, acquired the majority stake in the club from Stichting Social Sport Foundation.[22][23]
Record transfer[]
In January 2015, Rijeka sold their star striker Andrej Kramarić to Leicester City for a club-record £9.7 million transfer fee.[24]
Stadium[]
Until July 2015, Rijeka were based at Stadion Kantrida, their traditional home ground for over 60 years. With Kantrida awaiting demolition and reconstruction, since August 2015, Rijeka have been based at the newly built Stadion Rujevica, an all-seater with the capacity of 8,279. Stadion Rujevica is part of Rijeka's new training centre and serves as the club's temporary home ground. Following the demolition of old Kantrida, a new, state-of-the art, 14,600-capacity all-seater stadium will be built at the same location. In addition to the stadium, the investors are planning to build a commercial complex that will include a shopping mall and a hotel.[25]
Support[]
Rijeka's ultras group are called Armada Rijeka, or simply Armada. The group has been active since 1987.
During most home matches, the majority of the seats are occupied by season ticket holders. For the 2017–18 season the club had 5,922 season ticket holders and 8,403 members.
Rivalries[]
Rijeka's greatest rivalry is with Hajduk Split. Since 1946, the Adriatic derby is contested between the two most popular Croatian football clubs from the Adriatic coast, Rijeka and Hajduk. Other rivalries exist with Dinamo Zagreb, Osijek and, at the regional level, with Istra Pula. The origins of the Rijeka–Pula rivalry date back to the clashes between Fiumana and Grion Pola since the late 1920s.
Kit manufacturers and shirt sponsors[]
Period | Kit manufacturer | Shirt partner |
---|---|---|
1998–1999 | Adidas | INA |
1999–2002 | Kronos | |
2002–2003 | Torpedo | |
2003–2004 | Lero | |
2004–2005 | Legea | |
2005–2006 | INA | |
2006–2008 | Kappa | Croatia Osiguranje |
2008–2012 | Jako | |
2012–2014 | Lotto | – |
2014–2016 | Jako | |
2017–2018 | Sava Osiguranje | |
2018– | Joma |
Players[]
Current squad[]
- As of 9 September 2021[26]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Out on loan[]
- As of 9 September 2021
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Youth system[]
Club officials and technical staff[]
Position | Staff |
---|---|
President | Damir Mišković |
Vice-president | Dean Šćulac Zlatan Hreljac |
Managing director | Luka Ivančić |
Administrative director | Marina Vela |
Director of finance | Marina Cesarac Dorčić |
Director of communications | Alen Fućak |
Director of football | Srećko Juričić |
Director of football (assistant) | Robert Palikuća |
Academy director | Edo Flego |
Club secretary | Milica Alavanja |
Press secretary | Sandra Nešić |
Power of attorney | Vlatko Vrkić |
Head coach | Goran Tomić |
Assistant coach | Danko Matrljan Vjekoslav Miletić |
Team manager | Alen Rivetti |
Performance analyst | Rade Ljepojević |
Chief scout | Ranko Buketa |
Fitness coach | Antonio Cinotti |
Goalkeeping coach | Gojko Mrčela |
Team doctor | Nataša Bakarčić Boban Dangubić |
Physiotherapist | Marin Polonijo Matija Čargonja Matej Lulić |
Kit manager | Denis Miškulin |
Last updated: 8 June 2021
Source: Club officials
Notable players[]
- To appear in this section a player must have satisfied all of the following three criteria:
- (1) player has at least 100 appearances in official matches, including first division (Yugoslav First League and Croatian First Football League), domestic cup (Yugoslav Cup, Croatian Cup and Croatian Supercup) and UEFA club competitions;
- (2) player has scored at least 20 goals in official matches if forward, 5 if midfielder and no goal requirement if defender or goalkeeper in first division (Yugoslav First League and Croatian First Football League), domestic cup (Yugoslav Cup, Croatian Cup and Croatian Supercup) and UEFA club competitions; and
- (3) player has played at least one international match for their national team while under contract with Rijeka.
- Otherwise, also included are 30 of the club's top scorers and most capped players in the first division.
Source: Appearances and Goals. Last updated 11 July 2020.
All-time Best 11[]
According to a 2005–07 survey of former players (older than 40 years of age) and respected journalists, Marinko Lazzarich found that the best all-time team of Rijeka is as follows:
1. Jantoljak, 2. Milevoj, 3. Hrstić, 4. Radaković, 5. Radin, 6. Juričić, 7. Lukarić, 8. Gračan, 9. Osojnak, 10. Naumović, 11. Desnica.[27]
Rijeka's daily, Novi list, in 2011 declared the following 11 players as Rijeka's best all time team:
1. Jantoljak, 2. Šarić, 3. Radin, 4. Juričić, 5. Hrstić, 6. Loik, 7. Radaković, 8. Mladenović, 9. Naumović, 10. Skoblar, 11. Desnica.[28]
Best 11 (2010–20)[]
In 2020, the club's fans voted to select the best squad over the past decade to fit in a 4–2–3–1 formation:
Prskalo – Ristovski, Župarić, Mitrović, Zuta – Kreilach, Moisés – Vešović, Andrijašević, Sharbini – Kramarić. Manager: Kek.[29]
Managers[]
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Source:[30]
Winning managers[]
Name | Nationality | Honours | Total |
---|---|---|---|
Matjaž Kek | 2013–14 Croatian Cup, 2014 Croatian Super Cup, 2016–17 Croatian First League, 2016–17 Croatian Cup | ||
Dragutin Spasojević | 1977–78 Yugoslav Cup, 1977–78 Balkans Cup | ||
Marijan Brnčić | 1978–79 Yugoslav Cup | ||
Elvis Scoria | 2004–05 Croatian Cup | ||
Dragan Skočić | 2005–06 Croatian Cup | ||
Igor Bišćan | 2018–19 Croatian Cup | ||
Simon Rožman | 2019–20 Croatian Cup |
Presidents[]
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|
|
Source:[30]
Seasons, statistics and records[]
Honours[]
Rijeka has won one Croatian First Football League title, two Yugoslav Cups and six Croatian Cups. In European competitions, the club has reached the quarter-final of the Cup Winners' Cup in 1979–80, UEFA Cup Round of 32 in 1984–85, and group stages of the UEFA Europa League in 2013–14, 2014–15, 2017–18 and 2020–21. The club has also won the 1977–78 Balkans Cup.[31]
Domestic[]
Croatia
- Croatian First League
- Croatian Cup
- Croatian Super Cup
- Winners: 2014
- Runners-up: 2005, 2006, 2019
Yugoslavia
- Yugoslav Second League
- Yugoslav Cup
International[]
Source:,[32] Last updated 31 July 2020.
Rankings[]
UEFA club coefficient ranking[]
(As of 1 March 2021), Source:[33]
Rank | Team | Points |
---|---|---|
113 | Midtjylland | 13.500 |
114 | Ferencváros | 13.500 |
115 | Rijeka | 13.500 |
116 | Apollon Limassol | 13.500 |
117 | Nice | 13.000 |
European record[]
By competition[]
Competition | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | Last season played |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UEFA Champions League | 8 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 10 | 11 | 2017–18 |
UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League | 68 | 26 | 17 | 25 | 98 | 86 | 2020–21 |
UEFA Europa Conference League | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 5 | 2021–22 |
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup | 10 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 1979–80 |
UEFA Intertoto Cup | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2008 |
Total | 96 | 35 | 25 | 36 | 128 | 116 |
Source:,[34] Last updated on 26 August 2021.
Pld = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against. Defunct competitions indicated in italics.
By ground[]
Ground | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Home | 48 | 25 | 11 | 12 | 76 | 46 | +30 |
Away | 48 | 10 | 14 | 24 | 52 | 70 | −18 |
Total | 96 | 35 | 25 | 36 | 128 | 116 | +12 |
Source:,[34] Last updated on 26 August 2021.
Pld = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against.
By season[]
Non-UEFA competitions are listed in italics.
showSeason | Competition | Round | Opponent | Home | Away | Agg. |
---|
Last updated on 26 August 2021.
Note: List includes matches played in competitions not endorsed by UEFA.
† Matches played at neutral ground in Ascoli and Pisa, Italy.
Player records[]
- Most appearances in UEFA club competitions: 38 appearances[35]
- Top scorer in UEFA club competitions: 8 goals[35]
References[]
- ^ "Stadion HNK Rijeka". Soccerway. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
- ^ Lazzarich, Marinko (2014). "Stoljetno iščitavanje povijesti pod stijenama riječkoga sportskog hrama". Problemi sjevernog Jadrana (in Croatian). Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts (13): 47–76. Retrieved 6 August 2016.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d HNK Rijeka. "Povijest" (in Croatian). HNK Rijeka official website. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
- ^ "Official history of HNK Rijeka" (in Croatian). nk-rijeka.hr. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
- ^ Puric, Bojan; Schöggl, Hans; Stokkermans, Karel (8 May 2014). "Yugoslavia/Serbia and Montenegro – Cup Finals". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Vivoda, Vlado (16 July 2014). "HNK Rijeka: The Rise of the Phoenix". Hocuri.com. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
- ^ "Rijeka win Croatian league to end Dinamo dominance". Eurosport. 21 May 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
- ^ Stokkermans, Karel (26 September 2014). "Croatia – Cup Finals". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
- ^ "Rijeka-Osijek 1:1" (in Croatian). HRnogomet.com. 26 May 1999. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
- ^ Vidalina, Marko (1 June 2009). "Dokaz! Rijeci 1999. naslov prvaka definitivno ukraden" (in Croatian). 24 sata. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Bajruši, Robert (13 August 2002). "Dokumenti koji otkrivaju kako je Dinamo 1999. ukrao prvenstvo" (in Croatian). Nacional. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
- ^ Stokkermans, Karel (9 January 2008). "Cup Winners' Cup 1979–80". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 9 January 2008.
- ^ "Znaš li da je bila bolja od Real Madrida?" (in Croatian). HNK Rijeka. 24 October 2020.
- ^ Volarić, Ivan. "Velika noć na Kantridi: Benko, Kvržić i Vargić za povijest" (in Croatian). Novi list. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
- ^ Volarić, Ivan; Rivetti, Orlando. "Stuttgart – Rijeka 2:2, bijeli u Europskoj ligi" (in Croatian). Novi list. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
- ^ Volarić, Ivan. "Hat trick za povijesnu pobjedu u Europskoj ligi: Kramarić – Feyenoord 3:1" (in Croatian). Novi list. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
- ^ Volarić, Ivan. "Blago nama, Moises i Krama: Bijeli u pola sata pomeli Standard" (in Croatian). Novi list. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
- ^ Volarić, Ivan. "Peh u sudačkoj nadoknadi: Sevilla u posljednjim sekundama iščupala bod na Kantridi" (in Croatian). Novi list. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
- ^ Volarić, Ivan (7 December 2017). "POBJEDA ZA POVIJEST Rijeka skinula još jedan veliki skalp, na Rujevici pao veliki AC Milan (2:0)" (in Croatian). Novi list. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
- ^ "Rijeka postala sportsko dioničko društvo: Volpi dao 54 milijuna kuna za 70 posto vlasništva" (in Croatian). Index.hr. 30 September 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
- ^ "Ownership". nk-rijeka.hr. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
- ^ "HNK Rijeka od petka u vlasništvu Teanna limited" (in Croatian). nk-rijeka.hr. 29 December 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
- ^ Rogulj, Daniela (29 December 2017). "Damir Mišković and Teanna Limited New Owner of NK Rijeka". Total Croatia News. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
- ^ "Andrej Kramaric set to complete £9.7m move to Leicester from Rijeka". ESPN. 8 January 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
- ^ "Stadion Kantrida".
- ^ "Momčadi" (in Croatian). HNK Rijeka. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
- ^ Lazzarich, Marinko (2008) (in Croatian). Kantrida bijelih snova. Rijeka: Adamić. ISBN 978-953-219-393-0, p. 467.
- ^ Cvijanović, Marko (29 August 2011). "Asevi s Kantride: Idealna momčad Rijeke". Novi List (in Croatian). Retrieved 2 March 2012.
- ^ "POSLOŽENA MOMČAD DESETLJEĆA Andrej Kramarić predvodi napad najbolje momčadi Rijeke u izboru navijača". Sportcom.hr (in Croatian). 28 April 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Predsjednici i treneri" (in Croatian). HNK Rijeka. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
- ^ Stokkermans, Karel; Ionescu, Romeo (29 July 2010). "Balkan Cup". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 29 July 2010.
- ^ "Croatia - HNK Rijeka - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway". int.soccerway.com.
- ^ "Club coefficients | UEFA Coefficients". UEFA.com.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Rijeka". uefa.com.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Rijeka profile". UEFA.com. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
External links[]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to HNK Rijeka. |
- Official
- HNK Rijeka official website (in English and Croatian)
- HNK Rijeka at UEFA.com
- Unofficial
- Hoću Ri (in Croatian)
- Forza Fiume (in Croatian)
- Supporters
- Armada Rijeka official website (in Croatian)
- HNK Rijeka
- Football clubs in Rijeka
- Football clubs in Croatia
- Football clubs in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County
- Football clubs in Yugoslavia
- Association football clubs established in 1946
- 1946 establishments in Croatia