Heineken N.V.

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For other uses, see Heineken (disambiguation).

Heineken N.V.
TypeNaamloze vennootschap
ISINNL0000009165
IndustryBeverage
Founded15 February 1864; 157 years ago (1864-02-15)
FounderGerard Adriaan Heineken
Headquarters
Amsterdam
,
Netherlands
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Dolf van den Brink (Chairman/CEO)[1]
Laurence Debroux (CFO)[1]
ProductsHeineken brands
RevenueIncrease €23,97 billion (2019)[2]
Increase € 3,66 billion (2019)[3]
Increase €2,17 billion (2019)[3]
Total assetsIncrease €46,50 billion (2019)[3]
Total equityIncrease €17,31 billion (2019)[3]
OwnerCharlene de Carvalho-Heineken (23%)[4]
Number of employees
85000 (2019)[3]
Websitetheheinekencompany.com

Heineken N.V. (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɛinəkə(n)]; at times self-styled as HEINEKEN) is a Dutch multinational brewing company, founded in 1864 by Gerard Adriaan Heineken in Amsterdam. As of 2019, Heineken owns over 165 breweries in more than 70 countries. It produces 348 international, regional, local and speciality beers and ciders and employs approximately 85,000 people.[5]

With an annual beer production of 241300000 of hectolitres in 2019, and global revenues of 23.894 billion euro in 2019,[6] Heineken N.V. is the number one brewer in Europe and one of the largest brewers by volume in the world.[7] Heineken's Dutch breweries are located in Zoeterwoude, 's-Hertogenbosch and Wijlre. The original brewery in Amsterdam, closed in 1988, is preserved as a museum called Heineken Experience.

Since the merger between the two largest brewing empires in the world, Anheuser-Busch InBev and SABMiller, in October 2016, Heineken has been the second-largest brewer in the world.[8]

History[]

Corporate logo used until 2011
Interior of the former Heineken brewery in Amsterdam, which is now the museum Heineken Experience
Exterior of the former Heineken brewery in Amsterdam on Stadhouderskade and Ferdinand Bolstraat

Gerard Adriaan Heineken[]

The Heineken company was founded in 1864 when the 22-year-old Gerard Adriaan Heineken bought a brewery known as De Hooiberg (the haystack) in Amsterdam. In 1869 Heineken switched to the use of bottom-fermenting yeast. In 1873 the brewery's name changed to Heineken's Bierbrouwerij Maatschappij (HBM), and opened a second brewery in Rotterdam in 1874. In 1886 Dr. H. Elion, a pupil of the French chemist Louis Pasteur, developed the "Heineken A-yeast" in the Heineken laboratory. This yeast is still the key ingredient of Heineken beer.

Henry Pierre Heineken[]

The founder's son,  [nl], managed the company from 1917 to 1940, and continued involvement with the company until 1951. During his tenure, Heineken developed techniques to maintain consistent beer quality during large-scale production.

After World War I, the company focused more and more on exports. Three days after Prohibition ended in the United States, the first Heineken shipment landed in New York. From that day on, Heineken has remained one of the most successful imported beer brands in the United States.

Alfred Henry Heineken[]

Heineken brewery in Zoeterwoude, Netherlands

Henry Pierre's son, Alfred Henry "Freddy" Heineken, started working at the company in 1940, and in 1971 was appointed Chairman of the Executive Board. He was a powerful force behind Heineken's continued global expansion, and while he retired from the Executive Board in 1989, he maintained involvement with the company until his death in 2002.

During this period, Heineken tried to increase its stock price by purchasing competing breweries and closing them down. After World War II, many small breweries were bought or closed. In 1968 Heineken merged with its biggest competitor, Amstel, and in 1975 opened a new brewery in Zoeterwoude. The Amstel brewery was closed in 1980, and its production moved to Zoeterwoude and Den Bosch.

Present[]

With the part acquisition of Scottish and Newcastle in 2007/2008 Heineken became the third-largest brewer based on revenues, behind the Belgian-Brazilian AB InBev and the British-South African SAB.

Since the merger between Anheuser-Busch InBev and SABMiller in October 2016, Heineken has been the second largest brewer in the world.[9]

On 12 January 2010, Heineken International successfully bought the brewery division of Mexican giant FEMSA, and also merged with the company, expanding its reach throughout Latin America. The company will sell its products there through FEMSA, which is the largest bottler and brewery in all of Latin America, and maker of such brands as Dos Equis XX, Bohemia and Sol. FEMSA now owns 20% of Heineken N.V. after the early 2010 all-stock deal, becoming its largest single shareholder after the Dutch families (Heineken family and Hoyer family) who owns 25.83% and public shareholders owning 54.17%.[10]

The FEMSA acquisition is expected to keep Heineken in its strong position by growing its market share in the Latin American markets. FEMSA has a massive distribution network and owns Mexico's largest convenience store chain OXXO, which has thousands of locations throughout the country.

In September 2014, it was announced that Heineken would sell its Mexican packaging business Empaque to Crown for around $1.23 billion.[11] Also during that month, Heineken revealed it was in talks to sell its Czech operations to Molson Coors.[12]

On 10 September 2015, Heineken International announced it would acquire a 50% stake in Lagunitas Brewing Company of Petaluma, California as part of an effort to allow Lagunitas to expand its operations globally. As part of the deal Lagunitas will no longer be considered a craft brewer as the Heineken stake is greater than 25%.[13]

In January 2017, Heineken announced it was in negotiations to buy the Kirin Company's 12 breweries in Brazil.[8] The following month, Heineken closed the deal and bought Brasil Kirin for US$700 million.[14]

After previously acquiring 50% of Lagunitas Brewing Company, Heineken announced, on 4 May 2017, it would be purchasing the remaining 50%—making it the sole owner of Lagunitas.[15]

In June 2018, Heineken named Maggie Timoney as the CEO of Heineken USA, making her the first woman to become a CEO of a major United States beer supplier.[16]

In 2018, Heineken signed an agreement with China Resources Enterprises to purchase a 40% stake into the company.[17]

Global structure[]

Heineken organises the company into five territories which are then divided into regional operations.[18] The regions are: Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, The Americas, Africa and the Middle East, and Asia Pacific. These territories contain 115 brewing plants in more than 65 countries,[19] brewing local brands in addition to the Heineken brand.

Executive team[]

The executive team of the company consists of the following people:[20]

  • Dolf van den Brink, Chairman Executive Board/CEO
  • Laurence Debroux, Member Executive Board/CFO
  • Marc Busain, President Americas
  • Jacco van der Linden, President Asia Pacific
  • Chris Van Steenbergen, Chief Human Resources Officer
  • Marc Gross, Chief Supply Chain Officer
  • Jan Derck van Karnebeek, Chief Commercial Officer
  • Roland Pirmez, President Africa, Middle East and Eastern Europe
  • Blanca Juti, Chief Corporate Relations Officer
  • Stefan Orlowski, President Europe

Brewing plants[]

Heineken's brewing plants have been designed and engineered in 4 main parts of the world.[21]

Africa and the Middle East[]

Heineken has 17 operating companies in Africa and the Middle East.[22] These include:

  • Brasseries du Maroc, Morocco
  • Al Ahram Beverages Company, Egypt
  • Amstel Brewery, Jordan
  • Harar Brewery, Ethiopia
  • Bralirwa, Rwanda
  • Brarudi, Burundi
  • Brasserie Almaza, Lebanon
  • Brasseries de Bourbon, Réunion
  • Bralima, Democratic Republic of the Congo
  • Consolidated Breweries, Nigeria
  • Groupe Castel Algérie, Algeria
  • Nigerian Breweries, Nigeria
  • Société nouvelles des Brasseries SONOBRA, Tunisia
  • Sierra Leone Brewery Limited, Sierra Leone
  • Sedibeng Brewery, South Africa
  • Tango Brewery, Algeria

Asia Pacific[]

Heineken Brewery in Surabaya, Indonesia (at the time under colonial occupation as the so-called Dutch East Indies)

Breweries in Asia Pacific:[22]

  • Cambodia Brewery Ltd (CBL) in Cambodia
  • Shanghai Asia Pacific Brewery in China
  • Hainan Asia Pacific Brewery Company Ltd in China
  • Guangzhou Asia Pacific Brewery in China (under construction)
  • Multi Bintang Indonesia in Indonesia
  • Lao Asia Pacific Brewery in Lao
  • Sungai Way Brewery in Malaysia
  • DB Breweries in New Zealand
  • South Pacific Brewery Ltd (SPB) in Papua New Guinea
  • Asia Pacific Breweries in Singapore
  • Asia Pacific Brewery Lanka Limited (APB Lanka) in Sri Lanka
  • Thai Asia Pacific Brewery in Thailand
  • Heineken Vietnam Brewery Co Ltd in Vietnam
  • Heineken Hanoi Brewery Co Ltd in Vietnam
  • United Breweries Ltd Bangalore in India

Europe[]

Heineken offices in Madrid, Spain.
Heineken advertisement on the face of a prominent building on O'Connell Street, Dublin, Ireland

Breweries in Europe:[22]

The Americas[]

Breweries in the Americas:[22]

On 20 January 2017, Heineken NV and Kirin Holdings confirmed they were in negotiations for Heineken to acquire Kirin's beer operations in Brazil. Kirin had earlier bought assets in Brazil in 2011 with the local brewer Schincariol, which makes Nova Schin and Baden Baden.[24]

Beer brands[]

Main article: Heineken brands

Heineken International owns a worldwide portfolio of over 170 beer brands, mainly pale lager, though some other beer styles are produced. The two largest brands are Heineken and Amstel; though the portfolio includes Cruzcampo, Affligem, Żywiec, Starobrno, Tiger Beer, Zagorka, Red Stripe, and Birra Moretti. Heineken has added a cider blend named Jillz to their list of brands. Since mid-2007, Heineken has also taken ownership of former S&N International brands such as Strongbow and Bulmers Ciders and John Smith's and Newcastle Brown Ale.[25] Heinekin owns the Czech brand Dačický, which was brewed in Kutná Hora from 1573 until Heineken took ownership of it, and closed the brewery.[26] In 2010, Heineken bought Mexican brewery FEMSA Cerveza, including brands Tecate, Sol, Dos Equis, Indio and Kloster.

Ownership[]

The shares of Heineken International are traded on the NYSE Euronext Amsterdam and OTCQX under the symbols: HEIA and HEINY respectively. As at 31 December 2013, the shareholding in the group's stock was as depicted in the table below:[27]

Heineken International stock ownership
Rank Name of Owner % Ownership
1 Heineken Holding N.V1 50.005
2 Fomento Económico Mexicano, S.A.B. de C.V2 12.532
3 Others 37.463
Total 100.00
  1. Heineken Holding N.V is a public company listed on the NYSE Euronext Amsterdam. Its single investment is Heineken International. It is majority owned by L’Arche Green N.V an investment vehicle of the Heineken family and the Hoyer family.
  2. Fomento Económico Mexicano, S.A.B. de C.V (FEMSA) holds an additional 14.935% in Heineken Holding N.V bringing the total direct and indirect shareholding in Heineken International to 20%.

Marketing[]

Advertising[]

Heineken's main advertising slogan in the UK was "Refreshes the parts other beers cannot reach",[28] some of which featured voice-over narration by Danish comedian/pianist Victor Borge. The British TV campaign ran for over 30 years – stopping in 2005.[29][30] From March 2011 they have been advertising using the song 'The Golden Age' by The Asteroids Galaxy Tour. After the success of The Entrance, a web advert (4M views in YouTube), Heineken launched The Date in May 2011.[31]

In March 2017 in Amsterdam, Heineken opened a pop-up bakery for five days to promote the yeast used in its brewing. The bread was made by Mark Plaating and proceeds were donated to a local baking guild.[32]

Sponsorships[]

Rugby ball used in the Heineken Cup

Heineken sponsors several sporting events. The Heineken Cup was an annual rugby union knock-out competition involving leading club, regional and provincial teams from the Six Nations: England, France, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and Italy. Heineken was the title sponsor from the cup's inaugural tournament in 1995–96, until the tournament ceased in 2014 and was replaced by the Champions Cup. Heineken continued its sponsorship of European Club Rugby as the principle partner of the European Rugby Champions Cup returning to title sponsorship of the Champions Cup from 2018–19. They have been credited as the Founding Partner of European Rugby.

A can of Heineken with a logo of the 2011 UEFA Champions League Final

Heineken has been an integral partner of the UEFA Champions League since 2005, with a theme of "Enjoyed together around the world."[33] The Heineken Open (tennis) is a tennis tournament on the ATP International Series played in Auckland, New Zealand. Heineken also sponsors the music events: the Heineken Open'er Festival, a contemporary music festival held in Poland; and, since 2004, the Oxegen music festival in Ireland. Heineken sponsors the Ballyheigue Summerfest in County Kerry, Ireland. In 2016, Heineken became the Official Beer of the Formula One World Championship after the Canadian Grand Prix.[34] During the knockout stage of the 2019–20 season, Heineken 0,0% became the official beer of the UEFA Europa League as the season resumed followed with the start of the 2020–21 season.[35]

Holland Heineken House[]

Since 1992 Heineken organises, together with NOC*NSF, the Dutch meeting place at all the Olympic Games, called the Holland Heineken House.

Heineken Experience[]

Inside the Heineken Experience

The Heineken Experience is a museum about Heineken Pilsener and the Heineken brewery, based in the original brewery in Amsterdam. The original building was built in 1867, and was in use as a brewery until 1988.[36] In 1991, when part of the establishment was torn down, the Heineken Reception and Information Centre (Dutch: Heineken ontvangst- en informatiecentrum) was opened in the remaining building. In 2001 the name was changed to Heineken Experience.[37]

The museum features "rides", interactive exhibits, and two bars. It also gives an insight into the company's history and brewing processes through the years. Visitors receive one small tasting glass and two full-sized glasses of Heineken beer to drink at the end of the tour, both paid for by the 21 euro entry fee.[citation needed]

Controversies[]

Price fixing[]

On 18 April 2007 the European commission fined Heineken €219.3m, Grolsch €31.65m and Bavaria €22.85m for operating a price fixing cartel in the Netherlands, totalling €273.7m. InBev, (formerly Interbrew), escaped without a penalty because it provided "decisive information" about the cartel which operated between 1996 and 1999 and others in the EU market. The brewers controlled 95% of the Dutch market, with Heineken claiming a half and the three others 15% each.[38]

Neelie Kroes said she was "very disappointed" that the collusion took place at the very highest (boardroom) level. She added, Heineken, Grolsch, Bavaria and InBev tried to cover their tracks by using code names and abbreviations for secret meetings to carve up the market for beer sold to supermarkets, hotels, restaurants and cafes. The price fixing extended to cheaper own-brand labels and rebates for bars.[38]

In 2004 Heineken and Kronenbourg (then part of Scottish and Newcastle), the two dominant brewers in France, were fined €2.5m – with the penalty reduced for co-operating.[38]

This is simply unacceptable: that major beer suppliers colluded to up prices and to carve up markets among themselves[38]

— EU Competition Commissioner Neelie Kroes

Fake craft beers[]

In Ireland, Heineken briefly marketed "Blasket Blonde" in County Kerry from March 2015 to September 2016, and Beanntraí Bru in parts of County Cork in August 2016, as locally-made craft beers, from invented breweries.[39]

Proceeds of slavery[]

When Gerard Heineken decided to buy Den Hoyberch (The Haystacks) brewery in 1864, he wrote to his mother Anna Geertruida van de Paauw Heineken to ask her for the money[citation needed]. Anna Geertruida, a "plump widow", had acquired her fortune from a "previous husband’s family in West Indies plantations" (from The Heineken Story by Barbara Smit).[page needed] Anna Geertruida's first husband was Pieter Jacob Schumacher van Oudorp (1804–1833).[40] The Schumacher family owned a plantation in Dutch Guyana called Schumacher’s Lust, according to records held at the UK’s National Archive [41][42] After Pieter Schumacher died, Anna was remarried to Cornelis Heineken and had four children, one of which was Gerard Heineken. While other brewing companies have acknowledged their links to slavery,[43] Heineken’s official history makes no acknowledgement that its origins stem from the proceeds of slavery.[44]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b "Executive Team". Heineken. Archived from the original on 13 August 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  2. ^ [1]
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e [2]
  4. ^ "Charlene de Carvalho-Heineken & family". Forbes. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  5. ^ "Press Release" (PDF). Heineken. 20 January 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  6. ^ "Heineken N.V. 2019 Annual Report" (PDF). Heineken. Heineken. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  7. ^ "Company Profile" (PDF). Heineken. Heineken N.V. 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2019. With recent acquisitions in Africa, India, Asia and Latin America, we are continuing to increase our presence within emerging markets, which will contribute to our ongoing growth.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b Blenkinsop, Philip (20 January 2017). "Heineken in talks over Kirin's struggling Brazil business". Reuters. Retrieved 5 February 2017. Japan's Nikkei business daily reported that Heineken would pay around 100 billion yen ($872 million) for the business.
  9. ^ Blenkinsop, Philip (20 January 2017). "Heineken in talks over Kirin's struggling Brazil business". Reuters. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
  10. ^ "Ownership Structure". Heineken International. 1 March 2014. Archived from the original on 15 April 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  11. ^ Heineken to sell Mexican can, bottle maker to Crown. Reuters, 1 September 2014
  12. ^ Heineken in talks to sell Czech operations to Molson Coors. Reuters, 9 September 2014
  13. ^ John Kell, "Heineken buys 50% stake in craft brewer Lagunitas", Fortune, 10 September 2015
  14. ^ Inagaki, Kana (13 February 2017). "Kirin ends Brazilian venture with $700m sale to Heineken". Financial Times. The Financial Times Ltd. Retrieved 24 February 2017. Deal makes Dutch group the second-biggest brewer in the world’s third-largest beer market.
  15. ^ Swindell, Bill (4 May 2017). "Heineken buys remaining 50 percent interest in Lagunitas Brewing Co". The Press Democrat. Sonoma Media Investments, LLC. Retrieved 5 May 2017. Heineken is buying Lagunitas in a deal to help propel the craft beer sector globally amid a rapidly changing industry.
  16. ^ Schultz, E.J. (5 June 2018). "Heineken Shatters U.S. Beer Industry's Glass Ceiling, Names Female CEO". Advertising Age. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
  17. ^ "Heineken tekent miljardenovereenkomst met grootste Chinese brouwer". 3 August 2018.
  18. ^ "Countries and Brands". Archived from the original on 2 January 2010.
  19. ^ "Heineken International Heineken International – Profile". Heinekeninternational.com. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  20. ^ "Heineken N.V. 2015 Annual Report". Heineken. Heineken. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
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  24. ^ van Tartwijk, Maarten (20 January 2017), Heineken in Talks to Buy Kirin's Brazil Assets, New York: The Wall Street Journal, retrieved 22 January 2017
  25. ^ "Heineken International Brands". heinekeninternational.com. Heineken International. Retrieved 28 April 2007.
  26. ^ Petr, Miroslav (2 June 2017). "Heineken Kutnou Horu zavřel, teď se tam výroba piva opět vrátila Zdroj". Lidové noviny. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  27. ^ "Heineken Holding N.V. 2013 Annual Report". Heineken Holding N.V. 31 December 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  28. ^ Heineken Logo: Design and History. FamousLogos.net. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
  29. ^ Walsh, Dominic (21 October 2005). "Heineken calls last orders on television ads after 30 years". The Times. London. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
  30. ^ Walsh, Dominic (21 October 2005). "Attempt to reach other parts with stronger beer". The Times. London. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
  31. ^ "Heineken lance The Date, sa nouvelle campagne virale sur le web". Thebuzzbrowser.fr. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  32. ^ "Heineken Opens a Pop-Up Bakery in Amsterdam to Promote Its Yeast – Video – Creativity Online". Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  33. ^ "Heineken International Heineken announces new UEFA Champions League" (Press release). Archived from the original on 21 March 2012.
  34. ^ "Heineken announces global partnership with Formula One Management". Formula One (Press release). 9 June 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
  35. ^ "Heineken 0.0% becomes UEFA Europa League partner". UEFA (Press release). Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  36. ^ "About Heineken Experience". heinekenexperience.com. Heineken Experience. Retrieved 28 April 2007.
  37. ^ "Nederlandse Biermusea". michel-tencate.tmfweb.nl. Archived from the original on 27 April 2007. Retrieved 28 April 2007.
  38. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Gow, David (18 April 2007). "Heineken and Grolsch fined for price-fixing". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 1 August 2007.
  39. ^ "C&C & Heineken Ireland under investigation". Drinks Industry Ireland.
  40. ^ "Anna Geetruida van der Paauw".
  41. ^ "Plantation Schumachers Lust - Berbice Guyana - 1817 Slave Register P1".
  42. ^ "Plantation Schumachers Lust - Berbice Guyana - 1817 slave register p2.JPG".
  43. ^ "UK firms urged to examine slavery links and 'eradicate racism'". 18 June 2020.
  44. ^ "Please tell us: When were you born?".

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