Hepatitis A and B vaccine

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Hepatitis A and B vaccine
Combination of
Hepatitis A vaccineVaccine
Hepatitis B vaccineVaccine
Clinical data
Trade namesTwinrix, Ambirix, Twinrix Junior, others
AHFS/Drugs.comFDA Professional Drug Information
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B2
Routes of
administration		Intramuscular injection
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
CAS Number
  • 467420-42-4 checkY
ChemSpider
  • none
UNII
Twinrix GlaxoSmithKline - i-hepA & r-hepB-S-Ag - doos Terumo-naald spuiten.JPG

Twinrix is a vaccine against hepatitis A and hepatitis B, manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals. The full generic name is hepatitis A inactivated & hepatitis B (recombinant) vaccine.[1] Twinrix is administered over three doses.

The name was created because it is a mixture of two earlier vaccines — Havrix, an inactivated-virus Hepatitis A vaccine, and Engerix-B, a recombinant Hepatitis B vaccine.[citation needed] Twinrix first entered the market in early 1997.[2]

In the United States, Twinrix is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for those aged 18 and older.[3] In some countries outside the United States, notably Canada and Europe, Twinrix is known as Twinrix Adult or Ambirix and a pediatric formulation, called Twinrix Junior or Twinrix Paediatric, is available.[4][5][6][7][8][9][excessive citations]

Administration schedule[]

Routine Twinrix vaccination is administered by intramuscular injection in the deltoid area using a schedule of three separate doses at 0, 1, and 6 months ([minimum intervals: 4 weeks between doses 1 and 2, 5 months between doses 2 and 3]).[10][11] In some circumstances, an accelerated dosing schedule of 0, 7 and 21 to 30 days followed by a booster at 12 months can be used and was shown to have similar efficacy as the traditional schedule.[12]

Efficacy[]

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that clinical trials found the following levels of protection against Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B one month after each dose:[3]

A: 93.8%, 98.8%, 99.9%
B: 30.8%, 78.2%, 98.5%

GlaxoSmithKline claims that its studies found 70% of subjects had antibodies against hepatitis B a month after just the first dose, however.[4]

Twinrix should not be used for postexposure prophylaxis, because no data are available on the efficacy of combination vaccine for prophylaxis after exposure to HAV.[13]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Twinrix". Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 24 April 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
  2. ^ "SB's Twinrix Launched In Its First Market". thepharmaletter.com. 20 January 1997. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b "FDA approval for a combined hepatitis A and B vaccine" (PDF). MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 50 (37): 806–7. September 2001. PMID 11785573. Lay summary.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b "Twinrix Adult Vaccine SmPC". Datapharm. 8 October 2018.
  5. ^ "Twinrix Paediatric Vaccine SmPC". Datapharm. 8 October 2018.
  6. ^ "Ambirix SmPC". Datapharm. 5 November 2018.
  7. ^ "Hepatitis A Vaccine: Canadian Immunization Guide". Public Health Agency of Canada. 2018-03-13. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
  8. ^ "Twinrix (720/20)". The Australian Immunisation Handbook. 4 June 2018. Retrieved 22 September 2019. Lay summary.
  9. ^ "Twinrix Junior (360/10)". The Australian Immunisation Handbook. 4 June 2018. Retrieved 22 September 2019. Lay summary.
  10. ^ "Package Insert - TWINRIX" (PDF). Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Retrieved 22 September 2019.
  11. ^ "Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule for ages 19 years or older, United States, 2019". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 5 February 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2019.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  12. ^ "Notice to Readers: FDA Approval of an Alternate Dosing Schedule for a Combined Hepatitis A and B Vaccine (Twinrix)" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 12 October 2007. Retrieved 22 September 2019. Lay summary.
  13. ^ "Hepatitis A - Chapter 4 - 2020 Yellow Book - Travelers' Health". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 1 July 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2019.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

External links[]


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