Hexaprotodon

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Hexaprotodon
Temporal range: Miocene to recent? 9–0 Ma
Hexaprotodon sivalensis.jpg
Hexaprotodon sivalensis skull elements
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Hippopotamidae
Subfamily: Hippopotaminae
Genus: †Hexaprotodon
Falconer & Cautley, 1836
Type species
†Hexaprotodon sivalensis
Species

See text

Hexaprotodon is a genus of Hippopotamidae that was often applied to the pygmy hippopotamus before its reclassification into the genus Choeropsis. The name Hexaprotodon means "six front teeth" as some of the fossil forms have three pairs of incisors.[1][2] The genus sensu lato, including African taxa, has been suggested to be paraphyletic with respect to both species of living hippopotamus.[1] The uncontroversial, core Asian members of the genus most closely related to the type H. sivalensis were widespread throughout the Late Neogene and Quaternary of South and Southeast Asia, with the oldest records coming from the Late Miocene Siwalik Hills. They were extinct by the Late Middle Pleistocene in Southeast Asia (but see[3]) but survived in India until the terminal Pleistocene, with the latest dates being around 16,467–15,660 cal years Before Present.[4]

Species[]

The genus Hexaprotodon also includes a number of rarely studied extinct species from Asia.

  • Hexaprotodon bruneti (Boisserie and White, 2004)
  • Hexaprotodon crusafonti (Aguirre, 1963)
  • Hexaprotodon hipponensis (Gaudry, 1867)
  • Hexaprotodon imagunculus (Hopwood, 1926)
  • Hexaprotodon iravticus (Falconer and Cautley, 1847)
  • Hexaprotodon karumensis (Coryndon, 1977)
  • Hexaprotodon mingoz (Boisserie et al., 2003)
  • Hexaprotodon namadicus (Falconer and Cautley, 1847 - possibly same as H. palaeindicus)
  • Hexaprotodon palaeindicus (Falconer and Cautley, 1847)
  • Hexaprotodon pantanellii (Joleaud, 1920)
  • Hexaprotodon primaevus (Crusafont et al., 1964)
  • Hexaprotodon protamphibius (Arambourg, 1944)
  • Hexaprotodon siculus (Hooijer, 1946)
  • Hexaprotodon sinhaleyus (Deraniyagala)
  • Hexaprotodon sivajavanicus (Hooijer, 1950)
  • Hexaprotodon sivalensis (Falconer and Cautley, 1836)
  • Hexaprotodon sp. - Myanmar hippopotamus (fossil)
H. imagunculus

References[]

  1. ^ a b Boisserie, Jean-Renaud (2005). "The phylogeny and taxonomy of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysis". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 143: 1–26. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00138.x.
  2. ^ Hexaprotodon, The Paleobiology Database, läst 19 mars 2013.
  3. ^ Smith, Holly E.; Price, Gilbert J.; Duval, Mathieu; Westaway, Kira; Zaim, Jahdi; Rizal, Yan; Aswan; Puspaningrum, Mika Rizki; Trihascaryo, Agus; Stewart, Mathew; Louys, Julien (2021-11-30). "Taxonomy, taphonomy and chronology of the Pleistocene faunal assemblage at Ngalau Gupin cave, Sumatra". Quaternary International. Human Evolution in the Asia-Pacific Realm: Proceedings of the 1st Asia-Pacific Conference on Human Evolution. 603: 40–63. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2021.05.005. ISSN 1040-6182.
  4. ^ Jukar, Advait M.; Patnaik, Rajeev; Chauhan, Parth R.; Li, Hong-Chun; Lin, Jih-Pai (September 2019). "The youngest occurrence of Hexaprotodon Falconer and Cautley, 1836 (Hippopotamidae, Mammalia) from South Asia with a discussion on its extinction". Quaternary International. 528: 130–137. Bibcode:2019QuInt.528..130J. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2019.01.005.


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