High Level Bridge (Edmonton)

High Level Bridge
Edmonton's High Level Bridge from north bank, above LRT portal, September 2006
Coordinates	53°31′50″N 113°30′38.4″W / 53.53056°N 113.510667°W / 53.53056; -113.510667Coordinates: 53°31′50″N 113°30′38.4″W / 53.53056°N 113.510667°W / 53.53056; -113.510667
Carries	109 Street, High Level Bridge Streetcar
Crosses	North Saskatchewan River
Locale	Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Maintained by	the City of Edmonton
Heritage status	Municipal Historic Resource
Characteristics
Design	Phillips B. Motley, CPR
Material	Steel trusses on concrete piers
Total length	777 m (2,549 ft)
Width	2 vehicular lanes, one-way
Longest span	88 m (289 ft)
No. of spans	28
Piers in water	4
Clearance below	48 m (157 ft)
History
Constructed by	John B. Gunn and Sons[1]
Opened	June 2, 1913[2]
Location

The High Level Bridge is a bridge that spans the North Saskatchewan River in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Located next to the Alberta Legislature Building, the bridge linked the separate communities of Edmonton and Strathcona, which became one city in 1912. It was designed from the outset to accommodate rail, streetcar, two-way automobile, and pedestrian traffic.^[2] The original bridge design included three tracks on the upper deck (one CPR track with one streetcar track on either side).^[3][2] The first CPR train (a passenger service) operated on June 2, 1913, after which the bridge became a part of the Calgary-Edmonton main line.^[2] Streetcar service started on the west streetcar track of the bridge on August 11, 1913 (at 11 am) with the east streetcar track opening by September of that year and automobile traffic after that.^[2] Automobile traffic did not begin at the same time as CPR and streetcar traffic as the lower deck had not been completed and the installation of galvanized iron under the tracks was still needed to prevent cinders dropping from steam trains onto traffic on the lower deck.^[2] Streetcars travelling northbound operated on the upstream side of the bridge, and southbound streetcars operated on the downstream side of the bridge; This left-hand operation was contrary to the right-hand driving on the lower traffic deck.^[2]

The bridge was transferred to the ownership of the City of Edmonton in 1994 and designated a Municipal Historic Resource in 1995.^[4][5] Trucks are prohibited on the bridge due to the low clearance of 3.2 metres (10 ft 6 in) and substandard lane width. Currently street traffic is one-way southbound. At the north end of the bridge, 109 Street enters into the left lane, and 110 Street enters into the right lane. The next bridge downstream, the Walterdale Bridge, is a three-lane bridge with one-way northbound traffic into downtown.

The last Edmonton Transit System operated streetcar travelled over the bridge on September 1, 1951^[2] and the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), responsible for the design of the bridge, ceased rail operations over the span in 1989. The upper deck contains only the one middle track now, which is currently used only by the High Level Bridge Streetcar, a historic streetcar route that travels from the Strathcona Streetcar Barn & Museum, just north of the Strathcona Farmers Market, in Old Strathcona, to Jasper Plaza south of Jasper Avenue, between 109 Street and 110 Street, in downtown, with three intermediate stops.

High Level Bridge under construction, 1912 or 1913

Modifications[]

On November 19, 1980 two-way traffic on the High Level and Walterdale bridges changed to one-way traffic (northbound for the Walterdale Bridge, and southbound for the High Level Bridge) as a part of "Project Uni", with the intentions of better utilizing the two bridges.^[2] As trolley buses formerly traveled in both directions over the Walterdale bridge, this required the addition of electrical wires above the traffic deck on the High Level Bridge to facilitate these buses. Trolley bus service started on the bridge on May 4, 1981, after the addition of the wires.^[2] The wires were suspended from a wide corrugated panel that prevented the poles on the buses from getting damaged by the bridge members if they were to become disconnected.^[2] After trolley bus service was discontinued in 2009,^[6] the electrical wires and panel supporting trolley bus operation on the bridge were removed.

Extensive repairs and the addition and widening of pedestrian sidewalks were completed in 1994–95. The original lead paint on the bridge was carefully removed, and over 100,000 litres of paint were used to recoat the girders.^[1]

Completion of new suicide barriers in July 2016 have lowered suicide attempts by 50 percent.^[7] However, the barriers, which ended up appearing to be twice the width of the initial approved design and placed on the inside of the existing shared use path railing, reduced the west shared use path width to 2.8 metres (9.2 ft) and the east shared use path to a substandard width of 2.3 metres (7.5 ft).^[8][9] A feasibility study commissioned by the city found that it would be "marginally feasible" to widen the existing shared use paths on the bridge, at a cost of approximately $23.7 million, however no changes have been approved.^[10]

An engineering study released in February 2018 explained that, even though the bridge was built to support freight trains, it would not be able to structurally support modifications to allow a new LRT line to be built on the top deck, due to corrosion.^[4] This led to the city placing a hold on plans for the future Centre LRT Line to cross the North Saskatchewan.^[11] By the time the City of Edmonton took ownership of the bridge, the main trusses had lost approximately 44 percent of their width due to rust.^[4] Repainting and other maintenance of the bridge slowed the corrosion; It is estimated that during the last 25 years the trusses have lost only an additional 5 percent of their widths.^[4] Railway stringers and floor beams on the top deck have lost approximately 42 percent and 50 percent of their original widths, respectively.^[4] Even though the bridge cannot support additional load, the bridge was still deemed safe for the current load.^[4]

In April 2013, a campaign called "Light the Bridge" was launched, with the aim of covering the bridge with LED lights so it can light up on special occasions.^[12] The campaign raised approximately $2.5 million for the project, which was unveiled on July 1, 2014. The official lighting of the bridge was synchronized to the tune of "O Canada", played by the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra and broadcast on CKUA radio.^[13] The lights are capable of displaying many different colours and are often programmed to coordinate with local events, such as green and gold for games played by the Edmonton Elks.^[14]

Great Divide Waterfall[]

The Great Divide Waterfall during the annual sourdough raft race, July 2001

In 1980 the Great Divide Waterfall by artist Peter Lewis was added to the structure for Alberta's 75th anniversary. The man-made waterfall dropped 64 m (210 ft) from the top of the bridge, (7 m higher than Niagara Falls) into the North Saskatchewan River at a rate of 50,000 litres per minute. It operated during holiday weekends in the summer months until 2009 when it was shut off after consultation with Environment Canada.^[15]

From roughly April 2012 to April 2013, city council deliberated on whether or not it should re-open the waterfall, and in 2013, $735,000 was allocated for "Great Divide waterfall refurbishment".^[16] As of 2014, the city has all but scrapped the plans to refurbish the waterfall, citing the estimated $2.6 million price tag as too high. The final decision to decommission the waterfall was stayed until fall 2014, as public reaction was gauged and community fundraising options were considered.^[17] In 2016, city council voted against the removal of the pipes for the waterfall. While there are no current plans to reactivate the falls, the decision to leave the pipes in place allows for that possibility in the future.^[18]

The waterfall remains a part of the City of Edmonton's Public Art Collection.^[19]

References[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to High Level Bridge (Edmonton).