Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Latino Americans make up an increasing share of the United States (U.S.) electorate. A record 29 million Latinos were eligible to vote in the 2018 midterm elections, accounting for 12.8% of all eligible voters, a new high. They made up an estimated 11% of all voters nationwide on Election Day, nearly matching their share of the U.S. eligible voter population (U.S. citizens ages 18 and older).[1]

Latino participation and key issues[]

The U.S. Census indicates that the Latino population of the U.S. is the fastest growing minority group in the country.[2] More than 12.8% of eligible voters nationwide are Latino.[3]

In the 2018 midterm elections, three out of four Latino voters supported a Democratic candidate.[4] However, Republicans enjoy strong support among Cuban-American, Chilean-American, Colombian-American, Nicaraguan American and Venezuelan-American voters,[5] as well as among Latino voters in Florida and Texas.[6] Mexican-Americans, Puerto Ricans, Salvadoran-Americans, Guatemalan-Americans, and Dominican-Americans tend to support the Democratic Party. As the latter groups are far more numerous (Mexican-Americans make up 64% of the Latino population in the United States),[7] the Democratic Party typically receives the majority of the Latino vote.

Although Latinos as a whole, tend to support Democratic candidates, the Democratic Party has lost ground among their voting population since its high-water mark in 2012.[8]

In 2006, 69% of Latino voters supported Democratic candidates in congressional races, while 30% supported Republican candidates.

In 2008, 67% of Latinos voted for then-Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama, while 31% of Latinos voted for then-Republican presidential nominee John McCain.[9]

During the 2010 midterm elections, 31% of eligible Latino voters turned out to vote.[10] 60% of Latinos supported Democratic candidates, while 38% supported Republican candidates.[11] According to an October 2010 Pew Hispanic Center report, Latinos ranked education, jobs, and health care as their top three issues of concern. Immigration ranked as the fourth most important issue for all Latinos.[12]

A 2012 study by the Center for Immigration Studies projected that in November 2012 Latinos would comprise 17.2% of the total U.S. population, 15% of adults, 11.2% of adult citizens, and 8.9% of voters. By comparison, the report found that in 2012, non-Latino whites are expected to be 73.4% of the national vote and non-Latino blacks are expected to be 12.2%. The report noted that by weight, "eight percentage points of the Latino vote nationally equals slightly less than one percentage point of the non-Latino white vote." The study also compared the 8.9% Latino share of voters to veterans (12% of the electorate), those with family incomes above $100,000 (18%), seniors 65 and older (19%), married persons (60%), and those who live in owner-occupied housing (80%).[13]

In terms of voter turnout, the Center for Immigration Studies projected that 52.7% (±0.6) of eligible Latinos would vote in the 2012 election, an increase from 49.9% in 2008 and a continuation of the past decade's long upward trend. The projected Latino voter participation rate of 52.7% compares to 66.1% for non-Latino whites and 65.2% for non-Latino blacks in 2008.[13]

In 2012, 70% of Latino voters identified with, or leaned toward, the Democratic Party, while 20% of Latino voters identified with, or leaned toward, the Republican Party.[14]

In 2014, Latinos cast 6.8 million ballots out of 25 million eligible voters, for a voter turnout rate of 27%.[15]

During the 2016 presidential election, Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump was supported by 57% of Cuban-American voters in Florida, while Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton received 40% of the vote[whose?].[16]

In 2018, 29.1 million Latinos were eligible to vote. 62% of Latino voters identified with, or leaned toward, the Democratic Party, whereas 27% of Latino voters identified with, or leaned toward, the Republican Party. Latino voters who primarily spoke English were more likely to support Republican candidates (33%), compared to voters who only spoke Spanish (15%).[17] In Florida, 66% of Latino's supported Republican gubernatorial nominee Ron DeSantis, while only 33% supported Democrat gubernatorial nominee Andrew Gillum, a 2 to 1 ratio for Republicans.[18]

According to a 2019 Gallup Poll, 29% of Latinos identify as conservative, and that same number, 29%, voted for Donald Trump in the 2016 Presidential Election.[19]

Timeline of events[]

Susana Martinez
Marco Rubio
Ted Cruz
Brian Sandoval
Alberto Gonzales
Carlos Gutierrez
Rosario Marin
Anna Escobedo Cabral
Mel Martínez
Maria Salazar
Carlos Gimenez
Mike Garcia
Romualdo Pacheco
Octaviano Larrazolo

This is a timeline of significant events in Latino history which have shaped the conservative movement in the United States.

1860s
  • 1863 - Romualdo Pacheco elected as California State Treasurer
    • Francisco Perea (New Mexico Territory) elected to U.S. Congress (non voting delegate)
  • 1865 - José Francisco Chaves (New Mexico Territory) elected to U.S. Congress (non voting delegate)
1870s
  • 1871 - Romualdo Pacheco elected as Lieutenant Governor of California
  • 1875 - Romualdo Pacheco appointed as Governor of California
  • 1877 - Romualdo Pacheco (CA) elected to U.S. Congress and Trinidad Romero (New Mexico Territory) elected to U.S. Congress (non voting delegate)
  • 1879 - Mariano S. Otero (New Mexico Territory) elected to U.S. Congress (non voting delegate)
1880s
  • 1881 - Tranquilino Luna (New Mexico Territory) elected to U.S. Congress (non voting delegate)
1890s
  • 1897 - Miguel Antonio Otero elected as Governor of New Mexico Territory
  • 1899 - Pedro Perea (New Mexico Territory) elected to U.S. Congress (non voting delegate)
1900s
  • 1901 - Federico Degetau elected to U.S. Congress (1st Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico)
  • 1905 - Tulio Larrínaga elected to U.S. Congress (1st Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico)
1910s
1920s
  • 1921 - Néstor Montoya (NM) elected to U.S. Congress
  • 1928 - Octaviano Ambrosio Larrazolo elected as United States Senator from New Mexico
1960s
1970s
  • 1971 - President Richard M. Nixon appoints Romana Acosta Bañuelos as Treasurer of the United States
  • 1973 - President Richard M. Nixon appoints Ben Fernandez as Ambassador to Paraguay
  • 1977 - Baltasar Corrada del Río elected to U.S. Congress (Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico)
  • 1979 - Mike Curb elected as Lieutenant Governor of California
1980s
  • 1981 - President Ronald Reagan appoints John Gavin as United States Ambassador to Mexico
  • 1983 - President Ronald Reagan appoints Katherine D. Ortega as Treasurer of the United States
    • Barbara Vucanovich (NV) is elected to U.S. Congress
  • 1985 - President Ronald Reagan appoints Linda Chavez as Assistant to the President for Public Liaison
  • 1987 - Bob Martinez elected as Governor of Florida
  • 1989 - President George H. W. Bush appoints Manuel Lujan, Jr. as United States Secretary of the Interior
    • Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (FL) is elected to U.S. Congress
1990s
  • 1990 - President George H. W. Bush appoints Vice Admiral Dr. Antonia Novello as Surgeon General of the United States
  • 1991 - President George H. W. Bush appoints Bob Martínez as Director of the National Drug Control Policy
  • 1993 - Henry Bonilla (TX) and Lincoln Díaz-Balart (FL) elected to U.S. Congress
  • 1995 - Tony Garza appointed Texas Secretary of State
  • 1997 - John E. Sununu (NH) is elected to U.S. Congress
    • Alberto Gonzales appointed Texas Secretary of State
  • 1999 - Alberto Gonzales elected as Associate Justice of the Texas Supreme Court
2000s
2010s
  • 2010 - Abel Maldonado appointed Lieutenant Governor of California
  • 2011 - Marco Rubio elected as United States Senator from Florida
    • Quico Canseco (TX), Bill Flores (TX), Jaime Herrera Beutler (WA), Raúl Labrador (ID) and David Rivera (FL) elected to U.S. Congress
      • Susana Martinez elected as Governor of New Mexico and Brian Sandoval elected as Governor of Nevada
  • 2013 - Ted Cruz elected as United States Senator from Texas
  • 2014 - Carlos López-Cantera appointed as Lieutenant Governor of Florida
    • Carlos Curbelo (FL) & Alex Mooney (WV) elected to U.S. Congress
  • 2015 - Carlos Cascos appointed as Texas Secretary of State
    • Joe Baca, former Democratic U.S. Representative for California joins GOP
  • 2016 - Jenniffer González elected as Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico and Brian Mast (FL) elected to U.S. Congress
  • 2017 - President Donald Trump appoints the following:
  • 2018 - President Donald Trump appoints the following:
    • Edward C. Prado - United States Ambassador to Argentina
    • Raymond P. Martinez as Administrator of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
    • James E Campos as Director of the Office of Minority Economic Impact
      • Anthony Gonzalez (OH) elected to U.S. Congress
  • 2019 - Jeanette Nuñez elected as Lieutenant Governor of Florida
  • 2020 - Mike Garcia (CA), Carlos A. Giménez (FL), Tony Gonzales (TX), Nicole Malliotakis (NY), and Maria Elvira Salazar (FL) are elected to U.S. Congress.
  • 2021 - Jason Miyares elected as Attorney General of Virginia

Politicians[]

Alaska[]

  • Liz Vazquez - Alaska State Representative (2015–2017)

Arizona[]

  • Steve Montenegro - Arizona State Representative (2009–2017) & Arizona State Senator (2017)
  • T. J. Shope - Arizona State Representative (2013–2021) & Arizona State Senator (2021–present)
  • Tony Rivero - Arizona State Representative (2015–present)
  • Ben Toma - Arizona State Representative (2015–present)
  • Leo Biasiucci - Arizona State Representative (2019–present)
  • Lupe Diaz - Arizona State Representative (2021–present)
  • Teresa Martinez - Arizona State Representative (2021–present)

Arkansas[]

California[]

  • Rod Pacheco - California State Assemblyman (1996-2002) and (2007-2011)
  • Bob Pacheco - California State Assemblyman (1998-2004)
  • Bonnie Garcia - California State Assemblywoman (2002-2008)
  • Rocky Chavez - California State Assemblyman (2012–2018)
  • Eric Linder - California State Assemblyman (2012–2016)
  • Melissa Melendez - California State Assemblywoman (2012–2020) and California State Senator (2020-present)
  • Heath Flora - California State Assemblyman (2016–present)
  • Dante Acosta - California State Assemblyman (2016–2018)
  • Rosilicie Ochoa Bogh - California State Senator (2020-present)
  • Suzette Martinez Valladares - California State Assemblywoman (2020-present)

Colorado[]

  • Andres Pico - Colorado State Representative (2021-present)
  • Dave Williams - Colorado State Representative (2017–present)
  • Philip Covarrubias - Colorado State Representative (2017–2019)
  • Beth Martinez Humenik - Colorado State Senator (2015–2019)
  • Clarice Navarro - Colorado State Representative (2013–2017)
  • George Rivera - Colorado State Senator (2013–2015)
  • Robert Ramirez - Colorado State Representative (2011-2013)
  • Stella Garza-Hicks - Colorado State Representative (2007-2009)
  • Lionel Rivera - Mayors of Colorado Springs (2003-2011)

Connecticut[]

Delaware[]

  • Ernesto Lopez - Delaware Senator (2012–present)
  • Joseph Miró - Delaware State Representative (1998–2018)

Florida[]

  • Humberto Cortina - Florida State Representative (1982-1984)
  • - Florida State Senator (1984-1992)
  • - Florida State Representative (1984-1992) and Florida State Senator (1992–1998)
  • - Florida State Representative (1984-1988)
  • Luis E. Rojas - Florida State Representative (1988-1998)
  • - Florida State Representative (1988-1996)
  • Carlos A. Manrique - Florida State Representative (1992-1994)
  • - Florida State Representative (1992-1994)
  • Bruno Barreiro - Florida State Representative (1992-1998)
  • - Florida State Representative (1994-2002)
  • Gustavo Barreiro - Florida State Representative (1996-2008)
  • Gaston Cantens - Florida State Representative (1996-2004)
  • Al Cardenas - Chairman of the Republican Party of Florida (1999-2003)
  • - Florida State Representative (2000-2006)
  • Alex Diaz de la Portilla - Florida State Senator (2000-2010)
  • Rene Garcia - Florida State Representative (2000-2010) and Florida State Senator (2010–2018)
  • Rudy Garcia - Florida State Senator (2000-2010)
  • Carlos A. Giménez - Chief of the Miami Fire Department (2000-2003), Miami-Dade County Commissioner (2004-2011) and Mayor of Miami-Dade County (2011-2021)
  • Joe Negron - Florida State Representative (2000-2006) and Florida State Senator (2009–2018)
  • J. Alex Villalobos - Florida State Senator (2001-2010)
  • Carl J. Domino - Florida State Representative (2002-2010) and U.S. House nominee (2014)
  • Marcelo Llorente - Florida State Representative (2002-2010)
  • Juan-Carlos Planas - Florida State Representative (2002-2010)
  • John Quiñones - Florida State Representative (2002-2007), Miami-Dade County Commission (2007-2016) and U.S. House Candidate (2012)
  • Juan C. Zapata - Florida State Representative (2002-2010)
  • Anitere Flores - Florida State Representative (2004-2010) and Florida State Senator (2010–2018)
  • Julio Robaina - Mayor of Hialeah (2005-2011)
  • Eduardo González - Florida State Representative (2006–2014)
  • Esteban Bovo - Florida State Representative (2008-2010) and Miami-Dade County Commission (2011–present)
  • Erik Fresen - Florida State Representative (2008–2016)
  • Tomás Regalado - Mayor of Miami (2009–2017)
  • Fred Costello - Florida State Representative (2010-2012 & 2014–2016) and U.S. House Candidate (2012)
  • Frank Artiles - Florida State Representative (2010–2016) & Florida State Senator (2016-2017)
  • Miguel Diaz de la Portilla - Florida State Senator (2010–2016)
  • Jose Felix Diaz - Florida State Representative (2010–2017)
  • Jeanette Núñez - Florida State Representative (2010–2018)
  • Ana Rivas Logan - Florida State Representative (2010-2012)
  • Carlos Trujillo - Florida State Representative (2010–2018)
  • Jose R. Oliva - Florida State Representative (2011-2020)
  • Carlos Hernandez - Mayor of Hialeah, Florida (2011–present)
  • Mike La Rosa - Florida State Representative (2012–2020)
  • Manny Díaz, Jr. - Florida State Representative (2012–2018) & Florida State Senator (2018-present)
  • Ray Rodrigues - Florida State Representative (2012–2020) & Florida State Senator (2020-present)
  • David Santiago - Florida State Representative (2012–2020)
  • Bob Cortes - Florida State Representative (2014–2018)
  • Rene Plasencia - Florida State Representative (2014–present)
  • Julio Gonzalez - Florida State Representative (2014–2018)
  • Bryan Avila - Florida State Representative (2014–present)
  • Jackie Toledo - Florida State Representative (2016–present)
  • Daniel Anthony Perez - Florida State Representative (2017–present)
  • Francis X. Suarez - Mayor of Miami (2017–present)
  • Ana Maria Rodriguez - Florida State Representative (2018–2020) & Florida State Senator (2020-present)
  • Anthony Rodriguez - Florida State Representative (2018–present)
  • Juan Fernandez-Barquin - Florida State Representative (2018–present)
  • Ileana Garcia - Florida State Senate (2020-present)
  • David Borrero - Florida State Representative (2020–present)
  • Adam Botana - Florida State Representative (2020–present)
  • Demi Busatta Cabrera - Florida State Representative (2020–present)
  • Alex Rizo - Florida State Representative (2020–present)

Georgia[]

Hawaii[]

  • - Hawaii State Representative (1959-1974)

Illinois[]

Indiana[]

Iowa[]

Kansas[]

Kentucky[]

Louisiana[]

  • Blake Miguez - Louisiana State Representative (2015–present)

Maryland[]

Michigan[]

  • Shane Hernandez - Michigan State Representative (2017-2021)
  • Daniela Garcia - Michigan State Representative (2015–2019)

Minnesota[]

  • Eric Lucero - Minnesota State Representative (2015-present)
  • Jon Koznick - Minnesota State Representative (2015-present)

Mississippi[]

Missouri[]

Nebraska[]

  • Ray Aguilar - Member of the Nebraska Legislature (1999-2008)

Nevada[]

  • Victoria Seaman - Nevada State Assemblywoman (2015–2017) & Las Vegas City Councillor (2019-present)

New Hampshire[]

  • Marilinda Garcia - New Hampshire State Representative (2006–2014) & U.S. House nominee (2014)
  • Carlos Gonzalez - New Hampshire State Representative (2010–2012 & 2014-2016)[20]
  • Bianca Garcia - New Hampshire State Representative (2012–2014)
  • Eric Estevez - New Hampshire State Representative (2014–2016)
  • Steve Negron - New Hampshire State Representative (2016–2018) & U.S. House nominee (2018)
  • Hershel Nunez - New Hampshire State Representative (2019-present)
  • Jose Cambrils - New Hampshire State Representative (2021-present)
  • Matthew Santonastaso - New Hampshire State Representative (2021-present)

New Jersey[]

  • José F. Sosa - New Jersey Assemblyman (1992-1994)
  • Eric Munoz - New Jersey Assemblyman (2001-2009)
  • Maria Rodriguez-Gregg - New Jersey Assemblywoman (2014–2018)

New Mexico[]

  • Larry Larrañaga - New Mexico State Representative (1995–present)
  • Nora Espinoza - New Mexico State Representative (2007–2017)
  • Alonzo Baldonado - New Mexico State Representative (2011–2022)
  • - New Mexico State Representative (2011–2013)
  • Kelly Fajardo - New Mexico State Representative (2013–present)
  • David Gallegos - New Mexico State Senator (2021–present) & New Mexico State Representative (2013–2021)
  • Paul Pacheco - New Mexico State Representative (2013–2017)
  • - New Mexico State Representative (2013–2015)
  • Monica Youngblood - New Mexico State Representative (2013–2019)
  • Lisa Torraco - New Mexico State Senator (2013–2017)
  • Sarah Maestas Barnes - New Mexico State Representative (2015–2019)
  • Rod Montoya - New Mexico State Representative (2015–present)
  • Andy Nuñez - New Mexico State Representative (2015–2017)
  • Ted Barela - New Mexico State Senator (2015–2017)
  • Gregory Baca - New Mexico State Senator (2017–present)
  • Martin R. Zamora - New Mexico State Representative (2019–present)
  • Joshua Hernandez - New Mexico State Representative (2021-present)
  • Joshua A. Sanchez - New Mexico State Senator (2021–present)
  • Luis Terrazas - New Mexico State Representative (2021-present)
  • Brian Baca - New Mexico State Representative (2022-present)

New York[]

Ohio[]

  • Rick Perales - Ohio State Representative (2013–2021)
  • George Lang - Ohio State Senator (2021-present) & Ohio State Representative (2017–2021)
  • Alessandro Cutrona - Ohio State Representative (2021–present)

Oklahoma[]

  • Ryan Martinez - Oklahoma State Representative (2016–present)
  • Charles Ortega - Oklahoma State Representative (2008–present)

Oregon[]

  • Sal Esquivel - Oregon State Representative (2005–2019)
  • - Oregon State Representative (2003–2009)

Rhode Island[]

Tennessee[]

Texas[]

  • - Texas Railroad Commissioner (2002-2011)
  • Aaron Peña - Texas State Representative (2003-2013)
  • Ryan Guillen - Texas State Representative (2003-present)
  • Orlando Sanchez - Harris County Treasurer (2005-2019)
  • Art Martinez de Vara - Mayor of Von Ormy (2008–2021)
  • J. M. Lozano - Texas State Representative (2009–present)
  • - Texas State Representative (2011–2019)
  • - Texas State Representative (2011–2013)
  • John Garza - Texas State Representative (2011-2013)
  • Raul Torres - Texas State Representative (2011–2013)
  • Buddy Garcia - Texas Railroad Commissioner (2012-2012)
  • Jason Villalba - Texas State Representative (2013–2019)
  • Rick Galindo - Texas State Representative (2015–2017)
  • Gilbert Peña - Texas State Representative (2015–2017)
  • John Lujan - Texas State Representative (2021-present & 2016–2017)
  • Pete Flores - Texas Senate (2018-2021)

Virginia[]

  • Jeff Frederick - Chairman of the Republican Party of Virginia (2010-2013) and Virginian House Delegate (2004-2010)
  • Tito the Builder - Tito Munoz, construction company owner, conservative activist, radio show host, member, Virginia State Board of Housing and Community Development

Washington[]

  • Alex Ybarra - Washington State Representative (2019-present)

West Virginia[]

Wisconsin[]

Wyoming[]

  • Tim Salazar - Wyoming State Representative (2017-2021) & Wyoming State Senator (2021-present)
  • Rachel Rodriguez-Williams - Wyoming State Representative (2021-present)
  • John Romero-Martinez - Wyoming State Representative (2021-present)

Judges[]

  • Roger Benitez - Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of California (2004-2017)
  • Eva Guzman - Texas Supreme Court Justice (2009–2021)
  • Dora Irizarry - Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (2003-2020)
  • David M. Medina - Texas Supreme Court Justice (2004-2012)
  • Marilyn Milian - State Circuit Court Judge and current Judge on The People's Court
  • Xavier Rodriguez - Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas (2003–present) & Texas Supreme Court Justice (2001-2003)
  • Faustino J. Fernandez-Vina - Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court (2013–present)
  • Barbara Lagoa - Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (2019–present) & Justice of the Supreme Court of Florida (2019)
  • Carlos G. Muñiz - Justice of the Supreme Court of Florida (2019-present)

Athletes and entertainers[]

Law[]

  • Miguel Estrada - Attorney
  • Michael J. Garcia - U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York
  • Alfredo Duran - Lawyer

Science[]

Columnists, authors and journalists[]

  • Jason Mattera - Author of Obama Zombies: How the Liberal Machine Brainwashed My Generation
  • Alex Castellanos - Political Media Consultant
  • Linda Chavez - Political pundant, author
  • Geraldo Rivera - Author, attorney, political commentator, former talk show host, journalist
  • Leslie Sanchez - Political pundant

Education and Business[]

  • Claudia Bermúdez - Businesswoman and U.S. House Candidate (2008)
  • Ben Fernandez - Financial Consultant
  • Jeff Giesea - Businessman and organizer of alt-right and pro-Donald Trump activities. His mother is Mexican-American.
  • Armando Gutierrez - Entrepreneur
  • Robert Oscar Lopez - College professor, Author
  • Alfonso Martinez-Fonts Jr. - Businessman, Assistant Secretary for the Private Sector of the Department of Homeland Security
  • Felix Sabates - Entrepreneur
  • Andy Unanue - Businessman
  • Raul Danny Vargas - Businessman, Media Commentator, Political Activist
  • Jorge Mas - Businessman, Activist
  • - former Personnel and Technology Operations Administrative Director Office Miami-Dade County Public School System

Activists[]

  • Bernard Barker - Cuban-American, anti-Castro activist, worked for the Committee to Re-Elect the President and fundraiser for the Nixon campaign
  • Orlando Bosch - Anti-Castro activist
  • Al Cardenas - Former chairman of the American Conservative Union
  • Rafael Cruz - Protestant clergyman, active in campaigns of his son, U.S. Senator Ted Cruz
  • Pedro del Valle - Retired Lieutenant General, U.S. Marine Corps, founder Defenders of the American Constitution
  • Tito the Builder - Activist
  • Miguel A. García Méndez - Activist
  • Virgilio Gonzalez - Activist, Watergate burglar
  • Marco Gutierrez - Activist, co-founder Latinos for Trump
  • Gaspar Jimenez - Anti-Castro activist
  • Eugenio R. Martinez - Anti-Castro activist, Watergate burglar
  • Mauro E. MujicaChilean American, Chairman and CEO of U.S. English
  • Jorge Mas Canosa - Businessman, anti-Castro activist, founder of Cuban American National Foundation
  • Luis Posada Carriles - Anti-Castro activist
  • Enrique Tarrio – Henry "Enrique" Tarrio, activist and chairman of the Proud Boys
  • Enrique Ros - Anti-Castro activist
  • Larry Rubin - Mexican American, President and chairman of The American Society of Mexico, and chairman of Republicans Abroad for Mexico

See also[]

Further reading[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Hispanic voters and the 2018 midterm elections". Pew Research. 25 October 2018.
  2. ^ "US Census Press Releases". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2008-05-06. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
  3. ^ "Hispanic voters and the 2018 midterm elections". Pew Research. 25 October 2018.
  4. ^ "Latinos and the political parties". Pew Research. 11 October 2016.
  5. ^ "The Cuban Paradox". Harvard University.
  6. ^ "Latinos and the political parties". Pew Research. 11 October 2016.
  7. ^ "Detailed Hispanic Origin: 2006" (PDF). Pew Hispanic Center. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
  8. ^ "Hispanic voters and the 2018 midterm elections". Pew Research. 25 October 2018.
  9. ^ Lopez, Mark Hung (November 5, 2008). "The Hispanic Vote in the 2008 Election". Pew Hispanic Center. Pew Research Center.
  10. ^ "Hispanic voters and the 2018 midterm elections". Pew Research. 25 October 2018.
  11. ^ Lopez, Mark Hugo (November 3, 2010). "The Latino Vote in the 2010 Elections". Pew Hispanic Center. Pew Research Center.
  12. ^ Statistics were obtained from CNN’s Election 2010 website and are based on the Edison Research’s national and state exit poll surveys of voters as reported on December 30, 2010.
  13. ^ a b Steven A. Camarota and Karen Zeigler, "Projecting the 2012 Hispanic Vote," Center for Immigration Studies, August 2012. Available at: http://cis.org/projecting-2012-hispanic-vote-nationally-battleground-states
  14. ^ "Hispanic voters and the 2018 midterm elections". Pew Research. 25 October 2018.
  15. ^ "Hispanic voters and the 2018 midterm elections". Pew Research. 25 October 2018.
  16. ^ "Republicans won the Florida Election but the Cuban-American Voters are Beginning to Vote Democrat". www.necn.com/news. NECN. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  17. ^ "Hispanic voters and the 2018 midterm elections". Pew Research. 25 October 2018.
  18. ^ "Republicans won the Florida Election but the Cuban-American Voters are Beginning to Vote Democrat". www.necn.com/news. NECN. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  19. ^ Parker, Star (13 March 2019). "Can Republicans Get Elected in Nonwhite America?". GOPUSA. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  20. ^ "Carlos Gonzalez (New Hampshire)".
  21. ^ a b c d e Moreno, Carolina (27 August 2012). "LOOK: Are These Latino Celebs Republicans?". Huffington Post.
  22. ^ Moreno, Carolina (27 August 2012). "LOOK: Are These Latino Celebs Republicans?". Huffington Post.
  23. ^ http://www.thecubanhistory.com/2014/09/cesar-romero-actor-singer-dancer-film-radio-and-tv-personality-cuban-descendant-cesar-romero-actor-cantante-bailarin-personalidad-de-la-radio-cine-y-tv-descendencia-cubana. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  24. ^ "Republican Nominee Bush Works Hard for Latino Vote". ABC News. 2006-01-06.
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