Historical urban community sizes
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This article lists historical urban community sizes based on the estimated populations of selected human settlements from 7000 BC – AD 1875, organized by archaeological periods.
Many of the figures are uncertain, especially in ancient times. Estimating population sizes before censuses were conducted is a difficult task.[1]
Neolithic settlements[]
Town | 7000 BC | 6000 BC | 5000 BC | 4000 BC | 3800 BC | 3700 BC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
'Ain Ghazal | 2,500[2] | |||||
Beidha | 1,000[3] | |||||
Çatalhöyük | 1,000[3][2]–10,000[4] | |||||
Choirokoitia[5][6][7][8][9][10][11] | 300–600 | 2,000 | ||||
Lepenski Vir | 150–1,000[12][13][14][15][16][17] | |||||
Nea Nikomedeia | 500–700[18] | |||||
Okoliste | 1,000–3,000[19] | |||||
Vinča-Belo Brdo | 2,000–2,500[20][21] | |||||
Sesklo | 1,000–5,000[22][23][24][25] | |||||
Dobrovody | 16,000[26] | 10,000–16,000[27][28][29] | ||||
Fedorovka | 6,000[26] | |||||
Mehrgarh | 1,000–10,000[30] | |||||
Maydanets | 10,000[26] | 10,000–46,000[a][31] | ||||
Nebelivka | 17,000[26] | |||||
Talianki | 15,000–25,000–30,000[26][32][33] | 10,000–15,000[34][35] | ||||
Tell Brak | 4,000[3] | 5,000[3] | ||||
Uruk | 5,000[3] |
Bronze Age[]
City | 3700 BC | 3400 BC | 3100 BC | 2800 BC | 2600 BC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adab | 11,000[36] | ||||
Anshan | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | |||
Bad-tibira | 16,000[36] | ||||
Eridu | 6,000–10,000[36] | ||||
Habuba Kabira | 6,000–8,000[36] | ||||
Harappa | 35,000[37] | ||||
Kish | 40,000[36] | ||||
Lagash | 40,000[38] | ||||
Larak/Larsa | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | |||
Manika, Greece[39][40][41][42][43][44][45] | 6,000–15,000 | 6,000–15,000 | |||
Memphis | 30,000 | ||||
Mohenjo-daro | 41,250[37] | ||||
Nekhen | 5,000–10,000[36] | ||||
Nippur | 13,000[36] | ||||
Shahr-i Sokhta | 20,000[2] | ||||
Shuruppak | 20,000[36] | ||||
Suheri | 13,000[36] | 10,000[36] | |||
Susa | 8,000[3] | ||||
Tell Brak | 8,000[3] | 22,000[36] | 20,000[36] | ||
Thebes, Greece | 4,000 6,000[45] | ||||
Umma | 26,000[36] | ||||
Ur | 6,000[36] | ||||
Uruk | 8,000[3] 14,000[36] |
20,000[36] | 40,000[38]–50,000[36] | 80,000[36] | 80,000[38] |
City | 2500 BC | 2300 BC | 2000 BC | 1800 BC | 1600 BC | 1360 BC | 1200 BC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Athens[46][47] | 10,000 | 10,000–15,000 | |||||
Akrotiri (prehistoric city)[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] | 8,000–30,000 | ||||||
Adab | 13,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | |||
Akkad | 36,000[36] | ||||||
Amarna | |||||||
Anshan | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | |||
Avaris/Pi-Ramses | 100,000[38] | 160,000[38] | |||||
Babylon | 65,000[3] | 80,000[3] | |||||
Dur-Kurigalzu | |||||||
Ebla | 30,000[36] | ||||||
Erlitou | 24,000[3]–35,000[36] | ||||||
Harappa | 10,000[36] | ||||||
Hattusa | 40,000[56] | 40,000[56] | |||||
Hazor | |||||||
Heliopolis | |||||||
Heracleopolis | |||||||
Isin | 40,000[36] | 20,000[36] | |||||
Kerma | |||||||
Kesh | 11,000[36] | ||||||
Kish | 25,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 40,000[38] | ||||
Knossos[48][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66] | 1,300–2,000 | 18,000 | 20,000 | 30,000 | |||
Lagash | 40,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 30,000[36][38] | 10,000[36] | |||
Larak/Larsa | 10,000[36] | 40,000[36] | 20,000[36] | ||||
Manika, Greece[45] | 6,000–15,000 | 6,000–15,000 | |||||
Malia | 5,000–10,000–12,500[48][65] | ||||||
Mari | |||||||
Memphis | 30,000[36]–35,000[3] | 60,000[3][36][38] | 30,000[36] | 22,000[67] | 32,000[67] | 50,000[67] | |
Mohenjo-daro | 20,000[36] | 20,000[36] | 10,000[36] | ||||
Mozah | 15,000[36] | 15,000[36] | |||||
Mycenae | 20,000[68] | 30,000–35,000[62][69] | 30,000[56] | ||||
Namazga-Tepe | 14,000[36] | 14,000[36] | |||||
Nekhen | 21,000[56] | ||||||
Niniveh | 23,000[56] | 33,000[56] | |||||
Nippur | 20,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | ||||
Palaikastro | 18,000[48][65] | ||||||
San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán | 7,500[70] | ||||||
Shahr-i Sokhta | 20,000[36] | 20,000[36] | |||||
Shuruppak | 17,000[36] | ||||||
Suheri | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | ||||
Susa | 25,000[36] | 25,000[36] | |||||
Taosi | 10,000[3] | 14,000[3] | |||||
Tell Brak | 15,000[36] | 15,000[36] | |||||
Tell Churra | 20,000[36] | ||||||
Tell Leilan | 20,000[36] | 20,000[36] | |||||
Thebes | 40,000[36] | 40,000[36] | 80,000[3] | 80,000[3] | |||
Thebes, Greece[45][71][72] | 4,000–6,000 | 8,000 | |||||
Tiryns[45][73][46][47] | 1,200–1,800 | 10,000 | 10,000–15,000 | ||||
Umma | 34,000[36] | 20,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 20,000[36] | |||
Ur | 60,000[3] 65,000[56] |
||||||
Uruk | 50,000[3][36] | 75,000[3] | |||||
Yin (Anyang) | 50,000[3]–120,000[38] | ||||||
Zabala | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | ||||
Zhengzhou | 35,000[3] |
Iron Age[]
City | 1000 BC | 900 BC | 800 BC | 700 BC | 650 BC | 600 BC | 500 BC | 430 BC | 400 BC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aegina | 20,000–40,000[74] | 20,000–40,000 | |||||||
Anuradhapura | 48,000[56][67] | ||||||||
Anyi | 100,000[38] | 100,000[38] | |||||||
Athens[64][75][76][77][78] | 2,500–5,000[75] | 2,500–5,000[75] | 2,500–5,000[75] | 10,000[75] | 20,000[75] | 40,000[75] | 25,000[75] | ||
Agrigento | 40,000 | 40,000 | |||||||
Argos | 30,000–60,000[64][76][79][80][81][82] | 30,000–60,000 | |||||||
Ayodhya | |||||||||
Babylon | 45,000[67]–100,000[b] | 47,000[67] | 60,000[67] | 125,000[3] | 150,000[3] | 200,000[56] | 150,000[3] | ||
Benares | |||||||||
Capua | 100,000[83][84] | 100,000 | |||||||
Calah / Nimrud | |||||||||
Cerveteri | 25,000–40,000[85][86][87][88][89] | ||||||||
Chicheng | |||||||||
Cuicuilco | |||||||||
Corinth | 5,000[75] | 20,000[75] | |||||||
Crotone | 50,000–80,000[90] | ||||||||
Ecbatana | |||||||||
Haojing | 100,000[b] | 125,000[38] | 125,000[38] | 33,000[56][67] | |||||
Hastinapur | |||||||||
Jerusalem | 40,000[56][67] | 49,942 (445 BC)[56] | |||||||
Kamarina | 20,000 | ||||||||
Kerch | 40,000[56][67] | ||||||||
Kingchow | |||||||||
Kalḫu (Nimrud) | 75,000[3] | ||||||||
Kosambi | 55,000[67] | ||||||||
Kweiteh / Shangqiu | |||||||||
Linzi | 55,000–100,000[3][38] | 80,000–100,000[67][38] | 65,000–100,000[3][38] | 80,000–100,000[3][38] | 60,000–200,000[67][38] | 100,000–200,000[3][38] | |||
Luoyang | 35,000[3][67]–100,000[c][d] | 40,000[3] | 45,000[3]–50,000[67] | 55,000[3]–100,000[38] | 70,000[67]–100,000[38] | 65,000[3]–100,000[38] | 200,000[38] | 200,000[38] | 100,000[3]–240,000[38] |
Marib | 45,000[67] | ||||||||
Memphis | 35,000–100,000[b][67] | 44,000[67] | 65,000[67] | 100,000[67] | |||||
Metapontum | 40,000 | ||||||||
Miletus | |||||||||
Niniveh | 39,000[56] | 100,000[3] | 120,000[56] | ||||||
Pataliputra / Patna | 400,000[3] | ||||||||
Populonia | 25,000–40,000[87][88][91][92] | ||||||||
Pyongyang | |||||||||
Tarquinia | 20,000–40,000[87][88][91][92] | ||||||||
Thebes, Greece | 30,000–60,000[45][71][93][94][95] | 30,000–60,000 | |||||||
Qufu | 100,000[38] | 100,000[38] | |||||||
Rome | 4,440[96] | 24,400–40,000[96][97] | 27,200 | 28,960[97] | |||||
Sais | |||||||||
San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán | 13,000[98] | 13,000[98] | |||||||
Shangqiu | 100,000[38] | 130,000[38] | |||||||
Sravasti | 46,000[56] | ||||||||
Sparta | 40,000–50,000[99] | ||||||||
Susa | 40,000[56][67] | 200,000[56][67] | |||||||
Suzhou | 100,000[38] | ||||||||
Syracuse | 24,000–40,000[100][101][102] | 24,000–40,000[76] | 24,000–125,000[67][76] | ||||||
Sybaris | 100,000[103] | ||||||||
Taranto | 110,000–150,000[104] | ||||||||
Thebes | 50,000[3]–120,000[b] | 50,000[3] | |||||||
Vaisali | |||||||||
Veii | 25,000–100,000[87][88][91][92] | ||||||||
Volsinii | 13,000–40,000[87][88][91][92] | ||||||||
Vulci | 15,000–40,000[87][88][92] | ||||||||
Xiadu | 100,000[38] | 100,000[38] | 320,000[38] | 300,000[38] | |||||
Xintian | 100,000[38] | ||||||||
Xinzheng | 100,000[38] | ||||||||
Xue | |||||||||
Yong | 100,000[38] |
City | 300 BC | 200 BC | 100 BC | AD 1 | AD 100 | AD 200 | AD 300 | AD 361 | AD 400 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alexandria | 150,000[3] | 300,000[3][56]–600,000[38] | 400,000[3] | 250,000[67]–500,000[105] | 500,000[105] | 125,000[67]–200,000[56] | |||
Augsburg | 25,000–50,000 | 25,000–50,000[106] | |||||||
Antioch | 120,000[56] | 400,000[75] | 150,000[67]–250,000[107] | 250,000[107] | 150,000[67] | ||||
Anuradhapura | 68,000[56][67] | 130,000[56] | 72,000[67] | ||||||
Anyi | 100,000[38] | ||||||||
Athens | 25,000[75] | 10,000[75] | 10,000[75] | 90,000[108] | 90,000[108] | ||||
Autun | 40,000–100,000[109][110] | 40,000–100,000 | |||||||
Arles | 10,000[111] | 10,000[111] | 75,000[112] | ||||||
Ayodhya | 63,000[67] | ||||||||
Aquileia | 12,000[113] | 12,000[113] | |||||||
Carnuntum | 12,000[107]–50,000[114][115] | 12,000[107]–50,000[114][115] | |||||||
Capua | 100,000 | 100,000[83][84] | 25,000–40,000 | ||||||
Carthage | 150,000–200,000[56] | 100,000[56]–300,000[116] | 300,000[116] | ||||||
Chang'an/Xi'an | 100,000–400,000[38][3][56] | 375,000–400,000[3][38] | 246,000–500,000[117][38][3] | 81,000–100,000[56][67][38] | 120,000[3] | 140,000[3] | 80,000[67] | 100,000[38] | |
Chengdu | 100,000[38] | 70,000[67] | |||||||
Cổ Loa | 40,000[38] | 50,000[38] | |||||||
Byzantium / Constantinople |
15,000 | 20,000 | 150,000 | 200,000 | |||||
Corinth | 40,000–100,000[75][107][118] | ||||||||
Cologne | 20,000–40,000[119][120] | 20,000–40,000[119][121][122] | |||||||
Ctesiphon | 250,000[67] | ||||||||
Cuicuilco | 36,000[67] | ||||||||
Datong | 100,000[38] | ||||||||
El Mirador | 200,000[123] | ||||||||
Ephesus | 33,600[107] | ||||||||
Izapa | 35,000[67] | ||||||||
Kaveri | 59,000[67] | ||||||||
Linzi | 125,000–350,000[3][38] | 100,000[38] | 100,000[38] | 100,000[38] | 100,000[38] | ||||
London | 30,000 | 45,000–60,000[124] | |||||||
Lugdunum | 25,000–50,000[111][125] | 25,000–50,000[111][125] | |||||||
Luoyang | 125,000[3]–240,000[38] | 60,000[67] | 200,000[38] | 420,000[38][67] | 140,000[3]–250,000[38] | 200,000[38] | |||
Milan | 30,000–40,000[56] | 100,000 | 25,000–100,000[126][127][128] | ||||||
Monte Albán | 5,200[129] | 17,200[129] | 17,200[129] | 17,200[129] | 17,200[129] | ||||
Nanjing | 56,000[67] | 78,000[67] | 100,000[38] | 150,000[67] | 300,000[38] | ||||
Nimes | 40,000–60,000[130][131][132] | ||||||||
Ostia Antica | 25,000[106]–40,000[113] | 25,000–50,000[106][113][133] | |||||||
Paithan | 60,000[67] | 84,000[67] | |||||||
Patala | 73,000[67] | ||||||||
Pataliputra | 350,000[56]–400,000 | 69,000[56][67] | 250,000[56] | ||||||
Peshawar | 120,000[56] | ||||||||
Philippi | 100,000[134] | ||||||||
Pingcheng | 88,000[67] | 200,000[3] | |||||||
Pozzuoli | 30,000–50,000 | 30,000[116]–50,000[106] | |||||||
Pyay | 69,000[67] | ||||||||
Qufu | 100,000[38]–125,000[3] | ||||||||
Rhodes[135][136][137] | 100,000–200,000 | 100,000 | |||||||
Rome | 100,000[97] | 150,000–160,000[67][56] | 400,000[3] | 1,000,000[38][3] | 1,000,000[3][38] | 1,000,000[3] | 800,000[3] | 800,000[3] | 800,000[3] |
Salona | 25,000[119] | 25,000[119] | |||||||
Seleucia | 200,000[67] | 400,000[75] | 250,000 (CE 2)[56] | 150,000[56]–250,000[67] | |||||
Shangqiu | 100,000[38] | ||||||||
Suzhou | 100,000[38] | 66,000[67] | 95,000[67] | 58,000[67] | |||||
Syracuse | 50,000–100,000[76] | 90,000[138] | 90,000[138] | ||||||
Taxila | 60,000[67] | ||||||||
Teotihuacán | 60,000–80,000[139] | 90,000[67] | |||||||
Thessaloniki | 30,000[108] | 30,000[108] | |||||||
Tikal | 100,000[140] | ||||||||
Tres Zapotes | 30,000[67] | ||||||||
Trier | 10,000[119] | 10,000[119]–50,000 | 50,000–100,000[106][112] | 60,000 | |||||
Ujjain | 94,000[67] | 80,000[67] | |||||||
Wanxian | 100,000[38] | ||||||||
Xiadu | 300,000[38] | ||||||||
Xianyang | 100,000[38] | 100,000–300,000[56] | |||||||
Xinzheng | 120,000[38]–125,000[3] | ||||||||
Xuchang | 140,000[3] | ||||||||
Ye | 140,000[3] | 120,000[67] | 100,000[38] |
Middle Ages[]
City | 500 | 600 | 622 | 700 | 775 | 800 | 900 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aleppo | 72,000[67] | ||||||
Athens | 110,000[141] | ||||||
Alexandria | 94,000[67]–200,000[56] | 216,000[56] | 60,000–100,000 | 60,000–100,000 | |||
Angkor | 80,000[142] | 100,000[142] | 90,000[67]–150,000[142] | ||||
Anhilpur | 80,000[67] | ||||||
Antioch | 150,000[67] | ||||||
Anuradhapura | 70,000[67] | ||||||
Arles | 10,000[143] | ||||||
Ayodhya | 75,000[67] | ||||||
Badami | 70,000[67] | ||||||
Baghdad | 175,000[3][67] | 150,000[3] | |||||
Bakhalal | 45,000[67] | ||||||
Basra | 100,000[67] | ||||||
Benares | 49,000[67] | 59,000[67] | |||||
Carthage | 100,000[56][67] | ||||||
Chang'an / Xi'an | 95,000[67][38]–400,000[56] | 400,000[38]–600,000[3] | 400,000[67] | 1,000,000[38] | 1,000,000[38][56][e] | 600,000[67]–1,000,000[38][3] | 100,000[38]–750,000[67][3] |
Chengdu | 94,000[67] | 100,000[38] | 100,000[38] | ||||
Chenla | 70,000[67] | ||||||
Chunar | 72,000[67] | ||||||
Constantinople | 400,000[3]–500,000[56][144] | 150,000[3] | 150,000[67] | 125,000[3] | 40,000–50,000[3] | 40,000–50,000[3] | 150,000[3] |
Copán | 63,000[67] | ||||||
Cologne | 15,000–20,000[145] | 21,000[145] | |||||
Córdoba | 135,000[68] | 160,000[67] | 110,000[146]–175,000[3] | ||||
Ctesiphon | 400,000[67] | 200,000[147]–500,000[67] | |||||
Dali | 90,000[67]–100,000[38] | ||||||
Đại La /Hanoi | 25,000[148] | ||||||
Datong | 200,000[38] | ||||||
Dorestad | 1,000–2,500 | 1,000–2,500 | |||||
El Pilar | 182,600[149] | ||||||
El Tajín | 40,000[67] | 40,000[67] | 50,000[67] | ||||
Fanyang (Youzhou) | 100,000[38] | ||||||
Florence | 1,000 | 2,000–2,500 | 5,000 | ||||
Fustat | 100,000[67] | 150,000[67] | |||||
Gao | 72,000[67] | ||||||
Granada | 20,000 | ||||||
Guangzhou | 200,000[38] | 200,000[38] | |||||
Gwalior | 65,000[67] | ||||||
Huari | 70,000[150] | ||||||
Jiankang | 500,000[38] | ||||||
Jinyang (Taiyuan) | 100,000[38] | 100,000[38] | |||||
Kannauj | 230,000 | 250,000 | 250,000 | 230,000[67] | 200,000[67] | ||
Kanchi | 56,000[67] | 70,000[67] | 51,000[67] | ||||
Kyoto | 200,000[151] | 100,000–200,000[67][38] | 200,000[38][56] | ||||
Laon | 28,000[152] | ||||||
Lhasa | 100,000[38][67] | ||||||
London | 10,000–12,000 | ||||||
Luoyang | 200,000[67]–500,000[38] | 500,000[38] | 200,000[67] | 500,000[38] | 300,000[67]–400,000[38] | 150,000[67]–200,000[38] | |
Lyon | 12,000[153] | ||||||
Madurai | 70,000[67] | 70,000[67] | |||||
Mainz | 20,000[145] | 30,000[145] | |||||
Mandsaur | 63,000[67] | ||||||
Manyakheta | 100,000[67]–200,000[154] | ||||||
Metz | 25,000[155] | 14,000[155] | |||||
Milan | 30,000 | 25,000[156] | 30,000 (875)[157] | ||||
Naples | 30,000[157] | 30,000[157] | 30,000[157] | ||||
Nanjing | 150,000[67]–500,000[38] | ||||||
Nara | 100,000[38] | ||||||
Orléans | 10,000[143] | ||||||
Padua | 15,000[143] | ||||||
Paris | 10,000–30,000[56] | 20,000 | |||||
Patna / Pataliputra | 500,000 | 300,000 | 100,000 | 74,000[67] | |||
Pavia | 15,000–20,000[56] | ||||||
Poitiers | 5,000–9,000[56] | 5,000–9,000[56] | 5,000–9,000[56] | 10,000[56] | 10,000[56] | ||
Preslav | 40,000–60,000[68] | ||||||
Prambanan | 60,000[67] | 62,000[67] | |||||
Provins | 10,000 | ||||||
Pyay | 73,000[67] | 100,000[67] | |||||
Pliska | 34,000[158] | ||||||
Ray | 68,000[67] | ||||||
Regensburg | 25,000[145] | 25,000 | |||||
Reims | 20,000[56] | ||||||
Rennes | 10,000 | ||||||
Rome | 100,000 | 50,000[159]–90,000[160] | 50,000[159] | 50,000[159] | 50,000[159] | 50,000[161][56] | 20,000–30,000[159] |
Rouen | 10,000 | ||||||
Seville | 20,000 | 40,000 | 35,000 | 35,000 | 40,000–52,000[68] | ||
Sialkot | 85,000[67] | ||||||
Speyer | 20,000 | ||||||
Suzhou | 70,000[67] | 120,000[38] | 100,000[38] | 84,000[67]–100,000[38] | 81,000[67]–100,000[38] | ||
Teotihuacán | 125,000[67][139] | 60,000[67] | |||||
Thessaloniki | 100,000 | 40,000 | 40,000 | 50,000 | 50,000[68] | ||
Tikal | 45,000[67] | 40,000[67] | |||||
Toledo | 25,000 | 28,000 | |||||
Toulouse | 10,000[56] | ||||||
Tours | 17,000[56] | 20,000[56] | |||||
Tula | 41,000[67] | 50,000[67] | |||||
Trier | 10,000[56] | 15,000[56] | 15,000–25,000[145] | ||||
Venice | 37,000[56] | ||||||
Verona | 30,000[56] | 25,000 | |||||
Worms | 10,000 | ||||||
Wuchang | 100,000[38] | 84,000[67] | |||||
Ye | 200,000[38] |
City | 1000 | 1100 | 1150 | 1200 | 1250 | 1300 | 1350 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angkor | 200,000[67] 400,000[142] |
125,000[67] 550,000[142] |
140,000[67] 600,000[142] |
150,000[67] 650,000[142] |
650,000[142] | ||
Amalfi | 35,000[162]–80,000[68] | 10,000–15,000[56] | |||||
Ani | 100,000[163]–200,000[164] | ||||||
Anhilpur | 100,000[67] | 100,000[67] | 135,000[67] | ||||
Antioch | 40,000 | 40,000 | |||||
L'Aquila | 40,000 | ||||||
Bagan | 100,000[67] | 150,000[67] | 180,000[67] | 180,000[67] | |||
Baghdad | 125,000[56] | 150,000[67] | 250,000[3] | 150,000[56] | |||
Beijing | 130,000[67] | 140,000[67] | 401,000[67] | 400,000[67] | |||
Berlin | 2,400 | 1,200–2,000 | 4,000–7,000 | ||||
Bologna | 50,000 | 50,000 | 23,000 | ||||
Braunschweig | 10,000[145] | 21,000[56] | |||||
Bruges | 12,000[145] | 15,000[56] | 25,000[56] | 36,000[56] | 50,000[56] | ||
Cahokia | 10,200–15,300[165] | 25,000[166] | 20,000–30,000[167] | ||||
Cairo | 135,000[67] | 150,000[67] | 175,000[67] | 200,000[67]–250,000[3] | 300,000[67] | 400,000[3][67] | 350,000[67] |
Chang'an / Xi'an | 118,000[67] | 114,000[67] | |||||
Chartres | 7,000 | ||||||
Chunar | 66,000[67] | ||||||
Cologne | 21,000[168] | 25,000–35,000[56] | 32,000–60,000[169] | 52,000–60,000[168] | 40,000–60,000[121][122][169] | 57,000 (1333)[168] | |
Constantinople | 150,000[3] | 200,000[67]–250,000[3] | 200,000[67] | 150,000[67]–250,000[3] | 100,000[170] | 150,000[170] | 80,000[170] |
Córdoba | 110,000[146][3] | 60,000 (1103)[171] | 60,000[171] | 60,000[171] | 40,000[171] | ||
Cuttack | 100,000[67] | 90,000[67] | 90,000[67] | ||||
Dali | 90,000[67] 100,000[38] |
100,000[67] | |||||
Delhi | 10,000[172] | 60,000[172] | 80,000[67] | 100,000[67][172] | 125,000[172] | ||
Dhar | 80,000[67] | ||||||
Dwarasamudra | 30,000 | 120,000 | 150,000 | ||||
Edessa | 25,000 | ||||||
Erfurt | 10,000[145] | 21,000[56] | 32,000[56] | ||||
Fanyang (Youzhou) | 100,000[38] | ||||||
Fes | 75,000[56] | 125,000[67] | 160,000[67] | 200,000[67]–250,000[56] | 200,000[67] | 150,000[67]–200,000[56] | 125,000[67] |
Florence | 13,000 | 20,000 | 30,000 | 50,000–110,000[173] | 60,000–120,000[56][174] | 40,000 | |
Gangaikonda Cholapuram | 200,000 | 300,000 | 300,000 | 250,000 | 150,000 | ||
Gaur | 60,000[67] | 90,000[67] | 100,000[67] | ||||
Genoa | 15,000[56]–80,000[173] | 30,000[56] | 100,000[175] | 100,000[56] | |||
Ghent | 8,000[145] | 12,000[56] | 25,000[56] | 65,000[176] | 42,000[56]–65,000 | 57,000[56] | |
Guangzhou | 140,000[67] | 150,000[67] | 150,000[67] | ||||
Hangzhou | 80,000[67] | 90,000[67] | 145,000[67]–800,000[3] | 255,000[67]–1,000,000[3] | 320,000[67]–1,000,000[38] | 432,000[67]–800,000[3] | 432,000[67] |
Jinzhou | 85,000[67] | ||||||
Kaifeng | 400,000[38][56]–1,000,000[3] | 442,000[67]–1,000,000[3] | 150,000[67] | 1,000,000[38] | |||
Kalburgi | 70,000[67] | ||||||
Kalyan | 150,000[67] | 125,000[67] | |||||
Kannauj | 72,000[67] | 80,000[67] | 92,000[67] | ||||
Khajuraho (Kalinjar) | 100,000[56] | 50,000[67] | |||||
Khambhat | 50,000[67] | 60,000[67] | |||||
Kiev | 45,000[56] | 48,000[56]–100,000[162] | 36,000–50,000[56] | ||||
Kollam | 60,000[67] | ||||||
Kyoto | 175,000[38]–300,000[56] | ||||||
Laon | 25,000[152] | ||||||
London[177] | 20,000–25,000 | 10,000–20,000 | 20,000–30,000 | 80,000–100,000[178] | 25,000–50,000 | ||
Lübeck | 6,000 | 18,800 | |||||
Madurai | 60,000[67] | ||||||
Mainz | 30,000[56] | 30,000[56] | 25,000[56] | 25,000[56] | 25,000[56] | 24,000[56] | |
Manyakheta | 71,000[67] | ||||||
Marrakech | 150,000[67] | 150,000[67] | 150,000[67] | 125,000[67] | |||
Marseille | 6,000–7,000[56] | 25,000[56] | 40,000[56] | ||||
Merv | 200,000[67] | 70,000[56] | |||||
Metz | 16,000 | 21,000[56] | 23,000–27,000[56] | 32,000[56] | |||
Milan | 15,000[159] | 45,000 | 58,000 (1170)[56] | 60,000[56]–100,000[159] | 150,000 | 150,000–200,000[178][159][179][180] | 50,000–200,000[173][179][180][127] |
Montpellier | 40,000–50,000[178] | ||||||
Nabadwip | 85,000[67] | ||||||
Nanjing | 130,000[67] | 130,000[67] | 130,000[67] | 95,000[67] | |||
Naples | 30,000[56] | 30,000[56] | 30,000[56] | 30,000[56] | 30,000–36,000 (1278)[56] | 40,000[56]–100,000 | 60,000 (1340)[56] |
Nishapur | 125,000[67] | ||||||
Norwich | 20,000–25,000 | ||||||
Padua | 15,000[178] | 35,000[178] | |||||
Palermo | 60,000[146]–75,000 | 150,000 | 150,000[67] | 50,000 (1277)[56] | 40,000[56]–100,000[178] | ||
Paris | 20,000[181] | 50,000–65,000[182][183][184][185] | 110,000[181] | 160,000[67] | 200,000–270,000 (1328)[186] | 215,000[67] | |
Polonnaruwa | 75,000[67] | ||||||
Prague | 10,000[145] | 22,000[56] | 40,000[56] | 50,000[56] | |||
Puri | 78,000[67] | 72,000[67] | |||||
Ramavati | 75,000[67] | ||||||
Regensburg | 40,000[145][162] | 30,000 | |||||
Rome | 35,000[56][162] | 30,000–40,000[159] | 30,000–40,000[159] | 40,000[159] | 40,000–50,000[159] | 15,000[187]–17,000[56] | |
Rouen | 20,000[56] | 20,000[56] | 30,000–40,000[56] | 50,000[56] | 40,000–50,000[56][178] | ||
Salerno | 50,000[188] | 50,000[56] | 50,000 | 10,000 (1320)[56] | |||
Sarai | 120,000[67] | ||||||
Seville | 52,000 | 40,000–50,000[178] | |||||
Shangjing | 140,000[38] | ||||||
Speyer | 25,000 | 30,000[56] | 30,000[56] | 30,000[56] | 30,000[56] | 25,000[56] | |
Suzhou | 100,000[38] | 96,000[67] | |||||
Tabriz | 125,000[67] | 100,000[67] | |||||
Thanjavur | 200,000[67] | 250,000 | 200,000 | ||||
Thăng Long/Hanoi | 30,000[148] | 40,000[148] | |||||
Thessaloniki | 40,000[56] | 40,000[56] | 40,000[56] | 30,000[56] | 50,000[56]–100,000[189] | 50,000–150,000[162][190] | |
Toledo | 37,000 | 35,000 | 42,000 | ||||
Toulouse | 35,000 | ||||||
Trier | 20,000[145] | 20,000[56] | 20,000[56] | 25,000[56] | |||
Venice | 45,000–60,000[126][191][192][193] | 58,000 | 64,000–70,000[56] | 70,000–80,000[179][56] | 45,000[175] | 100,000–120,000[67][179] | 65,228 (1363) |
Veliky Novgorod | 10,000–18,000 | 20,000–40,000 | 50,000[194][195] | ||||
Verona | 10,000 | 20,000–25,000 | 20,000–25,000 | 35,000–40,000 | |||
Vijayanagar | 200,000 | ||||||
Warangal | 63,000[67] | 80,000[67] | |||||
Worms | 20,000[145] | 28,000[56] | 25,000[56] | 20,000[56] | |||
York | 8,000[178] | 23,000[178] | |||||
Ypres | 40,000–200,000[196] | 30,000[56] |
City | 1400 | 1450 | 1500 | 1550 | 1575 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aachen | 15,000[197] | ||||
Adrianople / Edirne | 28,000[56] | 85,000[56] | 125,000[56] | 160,000[56] | 183,000[56] |
Agra | 250,000 | 500,000 | |||
Ahmedabad | 70,000[56] | 80,000[56]–100,000[67] | 140,000[67]–175,000[56] | 300,000 | |
Ahmednagar | 70,000[67] | ||||
Alessandria | 8,000[198] | ||||
Antwerp | 18,000 (1374) | 20,000 (1444) | 40,000[197] | 90,000[197] | 104,984 (1568)[56][67] |
Asti | 8,000[198] | ||||
Augsburg | 14,000 (1408)[199] | 17,000 (1471)[199] | 20,000[197] | 45,000[197] | |
Ayutthaya | 150,000[200] | 150,000[200] | 10,000 (1569)[200] | ||
Bago | 150,000[67] | 175,000[67] | |||
Beijing | 150,000[67] | 600,000[67] | 672,000[67] | 690,000[67] | 706,000[67] |
Bologna | 40,000[201] | 55,000[198] | 61,731 (1569)[201][198] | 72,395 (1588)[201] | |
Brescia | 27,000[201] | 30,000 (1440)[201] | 49,000[198] | 41,000[198] | |
Bursa | 95,000[56] | 130,000[67] | |||
Bruges | 37,000[179] | 25,000 | 30,000[197] | 35,000[197] | 29,000 (1584)[202] |
Cairo | 125,000–360,000[3][67] | 380,000[67] | 400,000[3][56] | 360,000[67] | 275,000[67] |
Chan Chan | 60,000–100,000[203] | 5,000–10,000[204] | |||
Chang'an / Xi'an | 150,000[56] | 150,000[56] | 127,000[67] | 150,000[56] | |
Cologne | 40,000[56] | 30,000[197] | 35,000[197] | 37,000[56] | |
Como | 10,000[198] | 10,000[198] | |||
Constantinople / Istanbul | 75,000[56] | 40,000–50,000[190] | 200,000[56] | 660,000[67] | 680,000[67] |
Crema | 11,000[198] | ||||
Cremona | 35,000[205] | 40,000[198] | 34,000[198] | ||
Cuneo | 6,000[198] | ||||
Cuttack | 75,000[67] | 100,000[67] | 140,000[67] | 90,000[67] | |
Cusco | 45,000[206] | ||||
Delhi | 80,000[67]–100,000[172] | 160,000[172] | 160,000[172] | ||
Fes | 125,000[67] | 150,000[56] | 130,000[67] | ||
Florence | 45,000–61,000[56][173][207] | 54,000 (1470)[56] | 55,000–70,000[188][173][208] | 59,216 (1562)[56] | |
Fossano | 9,000[198] | ||||
Gao | 60,000[67] | ||||
Gaur | 150,000[67] | 200,000[67] | |||
Ghent | 70,000[56] | 40,000[197] | 50,000[197] | ||
Genoa | 80,000–100,000[173][174] | 120,000 (1460)[56] | 60,000[198] | 65,000[198] | |
Granada | 100,000[56] | 165,000[67] | 70,000[188][56] | ||
Guangzhou | 150,000[67] | 175,000[67] | 150,000[67] | 160,000[67] | 170,000[67] |
Gwalior | 80,000[67] | ||||
Hangzhou | 235,000[67] | 250,000[67] | 250,000[56] | 260,000[67] | 260,000[67] |
Hanoi | 50,000[148] | ||||
Jaunpur | 100,000[67] | ||||
Kalburgi | 90,000[67] | ||||
Kano | 50,000[67] | ||||
Khambhat | 60,000[67] | ||||
Kollam | 60,000[67] | ||||
Lodi | 9,000[198] | ||||
London[177] | 45,000[56] | 75,000[56] | 40,000[209] | 80,000[209] | |
Lyon | 20,000–35,000[56] | 60,000[56] | 50,000[210] | 70,000[210] | |
Lübeck | 17,200 | 21,568 | 25,444 | 22,452 | |
Magdeburg | 20,000[56] | 24,000[56] | 18,000[211] | 40,000[56] | |
Mandu | 70,000[67] | ||||
Mantua | 28,000[198] | 38,000[198] | |||
Milan | 125,000[175][179] | 110,000[56] | 100,000[198] | 69,000[198] | 115,000 (1574) |
Modena | 18,000[198] | 16,000[198] | |||
Nanjing | 487,000[67] | 150,000[67] | 157,000[67] | 182,000[67] | 188,000[67] |
Naples | 40,000–100,000[56][174] | 60,000 (1435)[56] | 125,000[212]–150,000[213] | 212,000[213] | 215,000[67] |
Novara | 7,000[198] | ||||
Nuremberg | 18,000[56] | 25,982 (1449)[56] | 36,000[211] | 40,000[211] | |
Oyo-Ile | 150,000 | 60,000[67] | |||
Padua | 27,000[198] | 32,000[198] | |||
Paris | 100,000 (1422)[214] | 150,000[67] | 100,000[210] | 130,000[210] | 220,000[67] |
Parma | 19,000[198] | 25,000[198] | |||
Pavia | 16,000[198] | 13,000[198] | |||
Piacenza | 27,000[198] | ||||
Prague | 40,000 | 30,000 | |||
Rome | 33,000[215] | 33,500 (1458)[215] | 38,000[215]–55,000[213] | 45,000[213] | 80,000 (1580) |
Rouen | 40,000[210] | 65,000[210] | |||
Samarkand | 130,000[67] | ||||
Seoul | 100,000[56] | 125,000[67] | 150,000[56] | 125,000[56] | |
Seville | 15,000 (1384)[216] | 60,000[216] | 65,000 | 109,000 (1565)[216] | |
Suzhou | 129,000[67] | ||||
Tabriz | 150,000[67] | 200,000[67] | 250,000[67] | ||
Tenochtitlan/Mexico City | 200,000-400,00[217][218][219] | 60,000[56] | |||
Texcoco | 60,000[67] | ||||
Venice | 85,000–200,000[173][174] | 150,000 (1423)[179] | 100,000[198] | 158,000[198] | 134,871 (1581) |
Verona | 14,800 | 38,000[198] | 52,000[198] | ||
Vijayanagar | 400,000[67] | 550,000[67] | 500,000[220] |
Early Modern era[]
City | 1600 | 1650 | 1700 | 1750 | 1800 | 1825 | 1850 | 1875 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aachen | 14,171 (1601) | 12,000[197] | 15,000[197] | 24,000[197] | 35,428 | 56,190 (1849)[199] | 79,606 | |
Adrianople/Edirne | 160,000[56] | 132,000[56] | 93,000[56] | 96,000[56] | 100,000[56] | 125,000[56] | 85,000[56] | |
Alexandria | 15,000 (1693) | 6,000 (1777) | 4,000 (1798) | 12,528 (1828) | 138,000 | 212,000[221] | ||
Antwerp | 47,000[197] | 70,000[197] | 70,000[197] | 46,000[197] | 60,000[197] | 88,000[222] | 127,000[222] | |
Agra | 500,000[56] | 660,000[56] | 60,000[56] | 108,000[56] | 149,008 (1872)[223] | |||
Ahmedabad | 300,000[56] | 380,000[56] | 400,000[67] | 120,000[56] | 89,000[56] | 87,000 (1824) | 94,390 (1846) | 116,873 (1872)[223] |
Amsterdam | 59,551[224] | 176,873[224] | 235,224 | 233,952[67] | 203,485 | 197,231 (1820) | 223,700[222] | 289,000[221] |
Augsburg | 48,000[197] | 21,000[197] | 21,000[197] | 31,000[199] | 28,000[197] | 35,000[199] | 57,210 | |
Ayutthaya | 100,000[200] | 125,000[225] | 150,000[200] | 150,000[200] | 30,000[200] | |||
Baltimore | 26,514 | 80,620 (1830) | 169,054 | 299,000[221] | ||||
Barcelona | 64,000 | 64,000 | 73,000 | 70,000 | 120,000 | 120,000 | 167,000 | 240,000[221] |
Beijing | 706,000[56] | 470,000[67] | 650,000[56] | 900,000[67] | 1,100,000[38][56] | 1,350,000[67] | 1,648,000[67] | 1,310,000[56] |
Berlin | 25,000[197] | 12,000[197] | 55,000[197] | 113,289[226] | 172,132[226] | 220,277 | 446,000 | 1,045,000[221] |
Birmingham | 2,000[209] | 4,000[209] | 7,000[209] | 23,688[227] | 73,670 (1801)[227] | 122,000 | 294,000 | 480,000[221] |
Bombay | 100,000 | 163,000 (1826) | 718,000[221] | |||||
Bordeaux | 40,000[228] | 40,000[228] | 50,000[228] | 67,000[228] | 88,000[228] | 142,000[229] | 225,000[221] | |
Boston | 6,700 | 20,000 | 35,248 | 61,392 (1830) | 202,261 | 450,000[221] | ||
Breslau | 33,000–40,000[56][230] | 37,000[56] | 40,000[56] | 52,000[56] | 64,520[56] | 89,500 (1831) | 114,000[56] | 239,050[56] |
Brussels | 55,000[56] | 70,000[56] | 70,000[56] | 55,000[56]–60,000[222] | 66,297[56][222] | 208,000[56]–251,000[222] | 327,000[221] | |
Bucharest | 60,000[231] | 50,000[231] | 25,000[231] | 34,000[231] | 104,000[231] | 177,646 (1878)[232] | ||
Budapest | 25,000[233] | 24,000[233] | 54,000[233] | 156,506[233] | 325,000[221] | |||
Cairo | 200,000[67] | 350,000[234] | 350,000[234] | 300,000[234] | 210,960 | 257,783 | 267,160 | 345,028 |
Calcutta | 200,000 | 230,000 (1822) | 680,000[221] | |||||
Chicago | 100 (1830) | 29,963 | 405,000[221] | |||||
Cologne | 40,000[197] | 45,000[197] | 42,000[197] | 43,000[197][222] | 42,000[197] | 59,049 | 94,781 (1849)[222] | 135,371 |
Copenhagen | 40,000[56] | 29,000 | 62,000[56] | 93,000[222] | 101,000[222] | 108,000[56] | 150,000 | 241,000[221] |
Danzig | 50,000[211] | 70,000[211] | 50,000[211] | 46,000[211] | 40,000[211] | 61,900 | 65,000[56] | 90,500 (1874) |
Delhi | 200,000[172] | 500,000[172] | 100,000[172] | 125,000[172] | 150,000[172] | 156,000[172] | 154,417 (1872)[235] | |
Dhaka | 200,000[56] | 200,000[56] | 200,000[56] | 135,000[56] | 110,000[56] | 66,989 (1830)[56] | 60,617[56] | 51,536 (1869)[56] |
Dresden | 14,793 (1603) | 16,000 (1648) | 21,298 (1699) | 63,209 (1755) | 61,794 | 61,886 (1830) | 94,092 (1849) | 197,295[221] |
Dublin | 5,000[236] | 17,000[236] | 60,000[236]–80,000[237] | 90,000[236]–128,570 (1753)[237] | 167,899 (1802)[236] | 194,000[238] | 263,000[239] | 310,000[221] |
Edinburgh | 35,000 | 55,000 | 82,000 | 145,000 | 194,000 | 274,000[221] | ||
Edo (Tokyo) | 60,000[67] | 430,000 | 688,000[67] | 509,000[56] | 685,000[67] | 530,000[56] | 567,000[56] | 780,000[221] |
Esfahān | 125,000[56] | 350,000[67] | 350,000[67] | 60,000[56] | 50,000[56] | 60,000[56] | 76,088 (1870) | |
Genoa | 71,000[198] | 90,000[198] | 80,000[198] | 87,000[198] | 91,000[198] | 83,569 (1822) | 100,696 | 130,269 (1872) |
Glasgow[240] | 7,000 | 14,000 | 14,000 | 23,500[222] | 77,000[222] | 170,000 | 346,000 | 635,000[221] |
Guangzhou | 180,000[67] | 200,000[67] | 200,000[67] | 400,000[67] | 800,000[67] | 900,000[67] | 875,000[67] | 944,000[56] |
Hangzhou | 270,000[67] | 281,000[67] | 303,000[67] | 340,000[67] | 387,000[67] | 410,000[67] | 700,000[56] | 50,000 (1864) |
Hanoi | 40,000[148] | 100,000[241] | 100,000[241] | 75,000[241] | 81,000[241] | 51,000[148] | 255,000[242] | |
Hue | 60,000[148] | 50,325[148] | ||||||
Ho Chi Minh City/Saigon | 24,000 | 50,000[148] | 50,000[148] | 180,661 (1902)[243] | ||||
Hyderabad | 80,000[244] | 90,000[225] | 200,000[244] | 225,000[244] | 200,000[244] | 200,000[244] | 200,000[244] | 350,000[244] |
Iași (Jassy) | 20,000[231] | 20,000[231] | 50,000[231] | 72,000 (1877)[245] | ||||
Constantinople/Istanbul | 400,000–700,000[3][67] | 700,000[67] | 600,000–700,000[3][67] | 625,000[67] | 570,000[67] | 675,000[67] | 785,000[67] | 827,750 (1874) |
Hamburg | 40,000[230] | 75,000 | 70,000[56] | 75,000–90,000[246][56] | 130,000[246] | 124,838 (1830) | 193,000[56] | 348,000[221] |
Kagoshima | 50,000 | 51,000[56] | 57,000[56] | 67,000[67] | 72,350[56] | 72,000[56] | 89,374 (1873) | |
Kanazawa | 50,000[56] | 55,106[56] | 67,000[67] | 78,000[56] | 97,000[56] | 103,000[56] | 116,000[56] | 109,685 (1873) |
Kyoto | 300,000[67] | 350,000[247] | 350,000[248][67] | 362,000[239] | 377,000[249] | 350,000[238] | 323,000[239] | 238,663 (1873)[250] |
Königsberg | 40,000 (1663) | 40,600 (1708) | 60,000[209] | 59,000[209] | 67,125 | 79,887 (1852) | 122,636 | |
Lahore | 350,000[56] | 200,000[56] | 94,000[56] | 99,000 (1872)[250] | ||||
Leipzig | 20,000 | 14,000 (1648) | 15,653 (1699) | 35,000 | 32,146 | 41,506 | 62,374 (1849) | 209,000[221] |
Lisbon | 110,000[56] | 165,000 (1639)[56] | 188,000[56] | 148,000–213,000[246][56] | 180,000–237,000[246][56] | 249,000[56] | 240,000–259,000[246][56] | 235,000 (1870)[246] |
Liverpool | 5,714 | 22,000[246] | 77,653 (1801)[246] | 170,000[56] | 375,955 (1851)[251] | 650,000[221] | ||
London | 200,000[209] | 400,000[209] | 575,000[209] | 675,000[209] | 865,000[209] | 1,335,000[67] | 2,320,000[67] | 4,241,000[67] |
Lyon | 40,000[210] | 75,000[210] | 97,000[210] | 114,000[246] | 102,167 (1793) | 115,841 (1820) | 254,000 | 331,000[221] |
Lübeck | 22,570 | 31,068 | 19,978 | 17,644 | 24,631 | 25,600 | 26,098 | 44,799 |
Madras | 15,000 | 55,000 | 125,000 | 172,000 | 310,000 | 400,000[221] | ||
Madrid | 49,000[252] | 130,000[252] | 110,000[252] | 109,000[246][252] | 167,000[252] | 181,400 (1826)[56] | 263,000[246][56] | 407,000[221] |
Manchester | 5,000[209] | 9,000[209] | 18,000[209] | 70,000[209] | 155,000 | 412,000 | 590,000[221] | |
Marseille | 40,000[210] | 66,000[210] | 75,000[210] | 68,000[210][246] | 78,000[210] | 119,000[56] | 193,000[56] | 316,000[221] |
Mexico City | 75,000[56] | 90,000[56] | 100,000[56] | 110,000[56] | 128,000[56] | 176,000[56] | 170,000[251][56] | 250,000[56] |
Milan[175] | 120,000[198] | 100,000[198] | 124,000[198] | 123,618[56][246][198] | 134,528[56][198] | 168,000[56] | 193,000[56] | 277,000[221] |
Moscow | 80,000[56] | 200,000 (1638) | 130,000[56] | 130,000–161,000[246][56] | 238,000[56] | 241,500 | 373,800[251] | 601,969 (1871) |
Munich | 20,000[211] | 10,000[211] | 21,000[211] | 32,000[211][246] | 34,000[211] | 62,290 | 96,398 | 198,000[221] |
Nagoya | 65,000[56] | 65,000[67] | 96,000[56] | 92,000[67] | 116,000 | 125,193 (1873)[250] | ||
Nanjing | 194,000[67] | 178,000[67] | 300,000[56] | 285,000[56] | 220,000[56] | 200,000[56] | 300,000[56] | |
Naples | 400,000[213] | 176,000[213] | 216,000[213] | 305,000[213] | 427,000[213] | 350,000[67] | 413,000[251]–416,000[56] | 450,000[221] |
New Orleans | 8,056 | 46,082 (1830) | 116,375 | 210,000[221] | ||||
New York City | 4,436 (1703) | 13,296 (1749) | 63,000 | 170,000 | 682,000 | 1,900,000[67] | ||
Nuremberg | 40,000[211] | 25,000[211] | 40,000[211] | 30,000[211][246] | 27,000[211][246] | 54,000[246] | 91,017 | |
Osaka | 200,000–360,000[67] | 220,000 | 350,000–380,000[67][253][254] | 400,000 (1749) | 383,000–500,000 (1783)[56][253] | 340,000[56] | 300,000 | 320,000[221] |
Palermo | 105,000[255][213] | 128,000[225] | 100,000[213] | 118,000[213] | 139,000[213] | 168,000[238] | 182,000[239] | 219,000[221] |
Paris | 220,000[210] | 430,000[210] | 510,000[210] | 576,000[210] | 581,000[210] | 855,000[67] | 1,314,000[67] | 2,250,000[67] |
Philadelphia | 4,400 | 14,563 (1753) | 68,200 | 138,000 | 426,221 | 791,000[221] | ||
Prague | 60,000 | 25,000 | 39,000[256] | 58,000[257][256] | 77,403[56][257][256] | 98,000 | 117,000[257] | 223,371 (1869) |
Rio de Janeiro | 20,000 | 29,000 | 44,000 | 166,419 | 274,000[221] | |||
Rome | 105,000[213] | 124,000[213] | 138,000[213] | 156,000[213] | 163,000[213] | 138,000 | 170,000 | 252,000[221] |
Rouen | 60,000[210] | 82,000[210] | 64,000[210] | 67,000[210] | 81,000[210] | 92,083 (1836) | 104,142 (1851)[258] | 104,902 (1876) |
Saint Petersburg | 138,000[259] | 220,200[259] | 438,000[67] | 502,000[259] | 764,000[221] | |||
Seoul | 150,000[67] | 158,000[67] | 187,000[67] | 190,000[56] | 192,000[56] | 194,000[56] | ||
Seville | 121,000 (1597)[216] | 65,000[252] | 96,000[252] | 66,000[252][257] | 96,000[252] | 75,000 (1820) | 106,000[257] | 133,247 (1877) |
Shanghai | 45,000 | 60,000 | 100,000 | 115,000 | 250,000 | 400,000[221] | ||
Sunpu | 100,000[67] | 31,555 (1873)[260] | ||||||
St. Louis | 925 (1799) | 4,977 (1830) | 77,860 | 338,000[221] | ||||
Suzhou | 175,000[56] | 145,000[56] | 245,000[56] | 302,000[56] | 243,000[67] | 302,000[67] | 550,000[56] | 250,000[56] |
Turin | 24,000[198] | 37,000[198] | 42,000[198] | 57,000[198] | 82,000[198] | 109,000[238] | 138,000[239] | 216,000[221] |
Warsaw | 35,000[261] | 21,000[261] | 28,000[261] | 75,000[261] | 124,000[238] | 163,000[261] | 311,000[221] | |
Venice[175] | 139,000[198] | 120,000[198] | 138,000[198] | 149,000[198] | 138,000[198] | 109,927 | 106,000[257] | 129,676 |
Vienna[262][263] | 50,000[256] | 60,000[256] | 114,000[256] | 175,400[256] | 231,000[256] | 401,200 | 551,300 | 1,020,770 |
Xi'an | 138,000[67] | 147,000[56] | 167,000[67] | 195,000[67] | 224,000[67] | 259,000[67] | 275,000[56] | 250,000[56] |
Yamaguchi | 80,000[67] |
See also[]
- List of largest cities throughout history (7000 BC – AD 2000)
- List of largest cities, present day
- Estimates of historical world population
Notes[]
- ^ Dobrovody and Maydanets Suggested to be housing up to 10,000 people in Modelski's text (pp. 24–25), The estimate is based on the author's personal communication with Mikhail Videiko, Institute of Archaeology, Kiev, October 2002 (p. 75). The previous estimates by S. I. Kruts for Maydanets and Talianki are 8,000 (1,575 housed within 270 ha) and 14,000 (2,700 houses within 450 ha), respectively (Pitskhelauri, K. N., and Chernykh, E. N. Eds., Kavkaz v sisteme paleometallicheskikh kultur Evrazii, Metsniereba, Tbilisi, 1989, pp. 146–156.).[full citation needed]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Modelski's list of the world's largest cities treats Thebes and Haojing as the top cities with 100,000 inhabitants (p. 218), though the same list on the next page (p. 219) as well as Table 2 (c) place the population of Thebes at 120,000, while that for Haojing as well as Memphis and Babylon at 100,000 (pp. 33-34).[full citation needed]
- ^ Chandler listed Thebes, Haoqing, and Chengzhou (Luoyang) as the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd largest cities (p. 460), though Luoyang is supposed to pass 100,000 in 1000 B.C. (p. 541).[full citation needed]
- ^ When the city first passed 100,000, suggested by Richard Forstall (pp. 541-542).[full citation needed]
- ^ Haoqing, the capital of Western Zhou, was located 15 km SW of Chang'an, the capital of Sung and Tang dynasties as well as the present center of Xi'an. Han capital was located 5 km NW of the center of modern Xi'an. All these sites are now within the sub-provincial city of Xi'an.
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References[]
- Bairoch, Paul (1988). The Population of European Cities from 800 to 1850. Geneva: Université de Genève.
- Boudarel, Georges; Nguyen, Van Ky; Nguyễn, Văn Ký (2002). Duiker, Claire (ed.). Hanoi: City of the Rising Dragon. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9780742516557.
- Bove, Boris; Gauvard, Claude (2014). Le Paris du Moyen Age (in French). Paris: Belin. ISBN 978-2-7011-8327-5.
- Buringh, Eltjo (2010). Medieval Manuscript Production in the Latin West. Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-9004175198.
- Chandler, Tertius; Fox, Gerald (1974). 3000 Years of Urban Growth. New York and London: Academic Press.
- Chandler, Tertius; Fox, Gerald (2013). 3000 Years of Urban Growth. New York and London: Academic Press. ISBN 9781483271255.
- de Vries, Jan (1984). European Urbanization 1500–1800. London: Methuen and Co.
- Fierro, Alfred (1996). Histoire et dictionnaire de Paris. Robert Laffont. ISBN 2-221--07862-4.
- Fronda, Michael P. (2010). Between Rome and Carthage: Southern Italy during the Second Punic War. London: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-51694-5.
- Hohenberg, P.M.; Lees, L.H. (2009). The Making of Urban Europe, 1000–1994. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-03873-8.
- Mitchell, Brian (1998a). International Historical Statistics Africa, Asia & Oceania 1750–1993 (3rd ed.). London: Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 978-1-349-14740-3.
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- Wickham, Chris (2015). Medieval Rome: Stability and Crisis of a City, 900–1150. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-968496-0.
- Wilson, Alan (2011). "City Sizes and Urbanization in the Roman Empire". In Bowman, Alan; Wilson, Andrew (eds.). Settlement, Urbanization, and Population. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960235-3.
Further reading[]
- Connolly, Peter; Dodge, Hazel (1998). The Ancient City: Life in Classical Athens and Rome. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-521409-9.
- Smith, Michael E. (2005). "City Size in Late Post-Classic Mesoamerica" (PDF). Journal of Urban History. 31 (4): 403–434. doi:10.1177/0096144204274396. S2CID 145452272.
External links[]
- Interactive Map: Urban Growth (BBC, covering 1955–2015)
- Early Medieval and Byzantine Civilization: Constantine to Crusades
Categories:
- Lists of populated places
- Demographic lists
- Urban geography
- Historical geography
- Demographic history